Objective: To clarify the meaning and definition method of low-income group, summarize the current economic risk of disease for rural low-income group and the risk pooling effect of medical insurance system. Methods: Using literature research method to systematically review the relevant studies of economic risk of disease for low-income group in rural areas. Results: The risk pooling effects of various medical insurance systems are different. Conclusion: On the basis of defining low-income group scientifically, it is necessary to promote the economic risk protection effect of medical security schemes for low-income group in rural area.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of ultrasound-guided Mammotome system in the treatment of breast lesions.Methods A total of 1081 patients with 1913 breast lesions received Mammotome minimally invasive excision,and the efficacy of treatment and follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.Results All 1913 lesions in 1081 patients were treated with the Mammotome system.The duration of operation was 4 minutes,and the average excision times was 15 for every lesion,1894 lesions (99.01%) in 1063 patients were benign breast masses,19 lesions (0.99%) in 18 patients were breast carcinoma.Complication occurred in 39 lesions (2.04%).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided Mammotome system is one of the effective ways in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of breast lesions.

Objective To understand the cause and pathogenesis,clinical and pathological features,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of Casdeman's disease (CD). Methods One patient with CD which has transformed into Hodgkin's lymphoma in the end was analysed and the review were included. Results Castleman' s disease was a lymphoproliferative disorder with benign hyperplastic lymphnodes histologically characterized by follicular hyperplasia and capillary proliferation with endothelial hyperplasia. Based on the characteristic of pathology it was subdivided into three subtypes, hyaline vascular variant, plasma cell variant and mixed variant. The clinical manifestation of CD was multiplicity,including the lymphadenectasis and the involvement of the muhisystem of the body. The early diagnosis was depended on the histopathology,and the different histopathology has the distinct prognosis. The prognosis of local Castleman's disease (LCD) was good but the muhicentric Casdeman's disease (MCD) was poor. Conclusion The different histopathology of CD were determined according to the different clinical manifestations and prognosis.

lntraocular lens ( lOL) often has different degrees of tilt, decentration and rotation in the eye. The deflection of lOL is an important factor to impact on the visual quality of the patients with cataract surgeries. Vision was commonly used to evaluate visual quality before. ln recent years, some new methods are also introduced to evaluate visual quality, such as optical aberration, modulation transfer function ( MTF ) and subjective visual perception. They show that the lOL deflection will cause decreases in eyesight and MTF, cause increase in aberration, lead to ametropia and so on. Therefore, a better evaluation of the effects of lOL deflection on visual quality, has significance for lOL selection, positioning and cataract individualized treatment.

Child, Preschool ; Cystathionine beta-Synthase ; genetics ; Folic Acid ; blood ; metabolism ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; enzymology ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NADP) ; genetics ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Methyltransferases ; genetics ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors

Many specific therapeutic antibody drugs have been developed for different indications. In drug development, it has been found that the antibody isotype framework can not only affect the physical and chemical properties of therapeutic antibodies, but also influence the activity and therapeutic effect. As a result, IgG isotype selection should be considered carefully in antibody drug development strategies. Because of the unique biological characteristics, IgG4 isotype has been used in some therapeutic antibodies for which effector functions are not desired. In order to provide new ideas for the development of antibody drugs, the research and application progress of IgG4 isotype in therapeutic antibody drug development has been reviewed.
Drug Design ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the psychological health states of practical nurse and to effectively conduct clinical psychological guidance.Methods 368 practical nurse were determined by SCL-90 and compared with normal control.Results There were significant differences between practical nurse and normal control,such as compulsion,sensitive interpersonal,depression,anxiety,terror crankiness(P<0.05～P<0.01),and no remarkable difference in other factors(P>0.05).Conclusion Nurse's gross mental health level were worse than normal control,especially in compulsion,sensitive interpersonal,depression,anxiety,terror crankiness. So, mental health education should be enhanced for them.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in treating Oxycodone hydrochloride-induced constipation in cancer pain patients.Method Sixty cancer pain patients with Oxycodone hydrochloride-induced constipation were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture, while the control group was by oral administration of lactulose oral solution. The therapeutic efficacies were compared after 2-week treatment, and the quality of life was evaluated before and after treatment.Result The total effective rate was 90.0% in the treatment group versus 73.3% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score was significantly changed in the treatment group after intervention (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in comparing the KPS score between the two groups after treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture can produce a significant efficacy in treating Oxycodone hydrochloride-induced constipation, and also improve the patients’ quality of life.

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of CEUS in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid solid lesions.MethodsTotally 45 patients with thyroid solid lesions underwent CEUS examination.The enhancement mode and blood perfusion characteristics of malignant and benign lesions were analyzed,and the results were compared with pathology.ResultsCEUS diagnosed 31 benign lesions and 14 malignant masses.The diagnostic accordance rate of CEUS was 93.75％ (30/32) and 92.31％ (12/13) for benign and malignant lesions respectively.In 31 benign lesions,27 (27/31,87.10 ％) showed entire homogeneous enhancement,4 (4/31,12.90％) presented inhomogeneous enhancement.In 14 malignant masses,1 (1/14,7.14 ％) showed homogeneous hypoechoic enhancement,12 (12/14,85.71％) presented inhomogeneous hyperechoic enhancement and 1 (1/14,7.14％) presented non-enhancement.ConclusionCombined with two-dimensional grey scale ultrasound and CDFI,CEUS enables dynamic observation of the microvascular perfusion of thyroid lesions,therefore helps to differentiate benign and malignant thyroid lesions.

Objective To study the feasible prophylactic proposal for the periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage(PIVH)in preterm infants with the aim to reduce the mortality and improve the prognosis.Methods From January 2004 to June 2005,pregnant women at high risk for preterm delivery and with gestational age of less than 35 weeks and their infants were enrolled and divided into five groups randomly.Pregnant women received antenatal intramuscular or intravenously injection of vitamin K_1 10 mg per day for 2 to 7 days were Group A.Group B received antenatal intramuscular or intravenously injection of dexamethasone 10 mg per day for 1 day.Group C received antenatal intramuscular or intravenously injection of dexamethasone 10 mg per day for 2 days.Group D received dexamethasone 10 mg per day for 1 or 2 days and vitamin K_1 10 mg per day for 2 to 7 days.Infants in the phenobarbital group received intravenous injection of phenobarbital within 3 hours after birth for 3 to 5 days.Infants in the control group received neither phenobarbital after birth nor dexamethasone or vitamin K_1 injection antenatally.Results PIVH was diagnosed in 17 of 40(42.5%)in Group A,34 of 63(54.0%)in Group B,36 of 70(51.4%)in Group C,14 of 44(31.8%)in Group D,they all higher than control group(?2=15.10,P=0.004).More infants in the control group had severe PIVH(Grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ)than other groups(?2=9.527,P=0.049).The incidence of PIVH and severe PIVH in Group B and Group C were no significant difference.Furthermore,the incidence of PIVH was no difference in phenobarbital group(60.0%)and control group(65.2%)(?2=0.361,P=0.548).But the incidence of severe PIVH in phenobarbital group(5.0%)was less than control group(18.4%)(?2=4.04,P=0.044).Conclusions The combined antenatal administration of dexamethasone and vitamin K_1 can reduce the incidence of PIVH in preterm infants.Postnatal administration of phenobarbital can not decrease the incidence of PIVH,but decrease the frequency of severe PIVH.