Objective To assess prevalence and risk factors of illness within the past 2 weeks among rural residents in Menglian,under the background of essential public health service implemented generally. Methods In February 2012, the questionnaire method was employed to investigate the two-week morbidity in 2011 rural residents sampled by multistage stratified random sampling from Menglian population. Results The prevalence, that of illness within two-week among 2011 rural residents in Menglian, was 97.5‰ (95%CI 84.5‰-110.5‰) . It was lower than that of the rural region IV in China (149.6‰, <0.05) .Its age trend was the same as that of the rural region IV in China,the prevalence in 0-14 years old children,however,was higher than the counterpart in the rural region IV in China. The diseases, which two-week morbidity ranked the top five, were acute upper respiratory infection, acute gastroenteritis, hyperostosis, acute tracheobronchitis and rheumatoid arthritis. The results of multilevel logistic regression model fitted by group-level explanatory variable mountainous area, individual-level random slopes variable gender and other individual background variables indicated that there were across-level interactions between mountainous area and gender ( <0.05), the family income lower than RMB 15000 (odds ration 3.2378, 95%CI 1.9014-5.5130) and age (odds ration 1.0163, 95%CI 1.0002-1.0327) had a positive effect to two-week morbidity, and contrasting to unmarried, married had a negative effect to two-week morbidity (odds ratio 0.4727, 95%CI 0.2534-0.8819) . Conclusions Comparing with that of the rural region IV in China before implementing essential public health service, the two-week morbidity in Menglian was lower. For further elevating the health level of population, the strategies, such as intensifying material and child hygiene in the mountain area, improving sanitary conditions of low income family, and updating health consciousness in single population,would be implemented.

Objective To assess the implementation of essential public health services (EPHS), and determine the main influencing factors for EPHS in Menglian. Methods In September 2012, the questionnaire survey method was employed to collect the data of EPHS implementation in 2011 in three community medical institutes and the EPHS evaluation of health staff sampled by stratified random sampling in Menglian. Results In 2011, the report rates of infectious diseases epidemics, public health emergencies and health inspection were all 100%, the inoculation rates of most vaccines were over 90%,and the health management rates of the children aged 0 to 6 years,pregnant and lying-in woman,aged population,hypertensives, type 2 diabetes patients and serious psychotics were high (about 85%) . The establishment rate of heath archives (60%to 70%),the controlling rates of blood pressure in the hypertensive population (about 50%), the rates of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients (55%to 70%) and the steady rates of serious psychotics (50% to 60%), however, were low. The implementation of EPHS was unbalance among towns, suburbs and outer suburbs. The main factors that influenced the EPHS implementation were inadequate human resources, insufficient or unused health devices, ambiguous responsibilities among the health institutes, non-cooperative behaviors, and unhealthy living habits in rural residents. Conclusions The implementation of many EPHS items is good. For promoting EPHS,it is necessary to train human resources,activiate unused health devices,get support of residents and carry out health education.

The paper is to report the establishment of a method for the determination of multi-residue organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Fifty-six pesticides were extracted by high-speed homogenization, and then purified through gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. The residues were simultaneously identified and quantified by GC-ECD equipped with dual tower, dual column and two micro-ECD detectors. The analytical performance was demonstrated by the analysis of 3 TCMs samples' extracts, spiked at three concentration levels for each pesticide. In general, the recoveries ranging from 70% to 110%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) better than 15%, were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) for most of the targeted pesticides tested was below 0.01 mg kg(-1). The method had good extraction efficiency, purification effect and good reproducibility, which could be applied to the determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in the routine analysis of TCMs.

Breast Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Human ; pathology ; radiation effects ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of siHybrids technique on inhibiring the efflux pump gene mexB of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in vitro. MethodsTargeting the efflux pump gene mexB of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 ,we designed and synthesized three siHybrids molecule and one negative scamble siHybrids molecule. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were intervened by the siHybrids molecules in 50 nmol/L, respectively. And the experiments were made of control groups[blank and scamble (sc) -001]and intervened groups[siHybrids( si ) -001, siHybrids( si ) -002 and siHybrids(si) -003]of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The targeting efflux pump gene mexB mRNA expressions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, including all groups, were measured by real-time PCR in 12 h and 24 h after interference in vitro. Further, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chlormycetinCP, erythrocin( EM ), levofloxacin ( L-OFLX), ceftazidime ( CAZ), meropenem (MER) to those groups were detected by using Mueller-Hinton broth dilution before and after interference. ResultsThe relative mexB mRNA amounts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 intervened by different siHybrids were not much more different from each other after 12 h,but the expression of mexB mRNA of the intervened group ( si-001 ,si-002 ,si-003 ) was much lower than control groups after interference for 24 h. The relative mexB mRNA amounts, comparing 12 h with 24 h, we would find the blank control and negative control submit escalating trend. And the intervened control ,three different siHybrids were all with a downward tendency. However, in presence of 50 nmol/L siHybrids, the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of CP, EM, L-OFLX, CAZ, MER to those controls were not much more different before and after interference. Conclusion On level of the mRNA expressions, siHybrids could inhibit the efflux pump gene mexB of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in vitro, and within 24 h would be able to function effectively. Further, the effect was time-dependent.

Objective From the perspective of making full use of database comparison function, giving certain guidelines to analyze mixed DNA profile,compare database,screen comparison results. Methods Using CPI to describe the identification of mixed DNA profile.Using CPBI to estimate reliability of individual samples being included. Results When CPI is less than 10-7, mixed DNA Profile is worth to be compared in database.When the number of alleles at one locus is more than 2, retain an additional allele will not reduce identification too much. According to the CPBI of the included samples,we can find the most reliable sample.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of flow cytometry (FCM) assay in following up of the minimal residual disease (MRD) used for predicting relapse and guiding chemotherapy. Methods The clinical data of 43 acute leukemia patients diagnosed by MIC were collected in our hospital from 2005 July to 2008 June.Bone marrow aspirates were collected from 43 patients with newly diagnosed acute leukemia after induction therapy and during constimulation therapy. The cells with leukemia associated with immunophenotype were investigated using FCM, as immunologic target of MRD. Results MRD were detected earlier in predicting the relapse than those of the traditional bone marrow cells morphology assay by an average of 4-6 months. The results of the MRD following up: MRD was negative at CR in 26 cases, 6 cases relapse, 20 cases of them were kept negative during following up. MRD was positive in 17 cases at CR, 9 cases of them were relapse. 4 cases after intensified chemotherapy the MRD became negative and kept egative for more than one year. The MRD of the 43 cases at CR were divided into 3 groups, MRD less than 1×10-4 group (A group) MRD between 5×10-3 and 1×10-4 group (B group) and MRD above 5×10-3 group(C group). By chi square test. There was no statistical significance between A group and B group, but there was tatistical significance between B group and C group (P=0.02). Conclusion The application of FCM in detecting MRD has important clinical significance in predicting relapse and guiding chemotherapy.

Pharmaceutical preparations, particularly as a "secret recipe" of traditional Chinese medicine in medical institutions, are the product of China's medical and health industry, and they are also an important means of competing of different medical institutions. Although pharmaceutical preparations have advantages and characteristics than institutes for drug and pharmaceutical companies, the quality standards of pharmaceutical preparations in medical institutions has not reached the desired level over the years. As we all know, the quality of pharmaceutical preparations is important to ensure the efficacy, especially under the environment of people pay more sttention on drug safety and effectiveness and contry increase emphasis on the stste of pharmaceutical preparations. In view of this, we will improve the grade, stability, and clinical efficacy of pharmaceutical preparations by the advanced equipment, testing instruments and the process dynamic quality control technology. Finally, we hope we can provide new ideas for the quality control of pharmaceutical preparations.
Drug Compounding ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sub-acute oral effect of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles on the oxidation/antioxidation biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines in blood, liver, intestine, and colon in rats. METHODS: Twenty four 4-week-old clean-grade Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly devided into 4 groups by body weight (n=6, control, low, middle, and high), in which the rats were orally exposed to TiO₂ nanoparticles at doses of 0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight/day for 28 consecutive days separately. Food intake, body weight and abnormal behaviors during the experiment were recorded. The rats were euthanized on the 29th day. The blood was collected via abdominal aortic method and centrifuged to collect the serum. Tissues from liver, intestine and colon were collected and homogenated. Then enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and microwell plate methods were used to detect oxidation/antioxidation biomarkers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total mercapto (T-SH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), malomdialdehvde (MDA) and inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the serum, liver, intestine and colon in the rats. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, no significant differences in body weight, food intake and organ coefficients were observed in all the three groups after TiO₂ gavage. No significant changes in GSH, GSH-Px, T-SH, and IL-6 were observed. Compared with the control group, significant increase of SOD activity in serum in high dose group, signi-ficant increase of GSSG concentration in intestine in middle and high dose group and significant increase of MDA concentration in liver in low and high dose group were observed. Compared with the control group, a significant increase of TNF-α in liver in middle and high dose group was observed. CONCLUSION TiO₂ nanoparticle can increase antioxidant enzymes activities in blood, increase oxidative biomarkers in liver and intestine, increase inflammatory cytokines in liver in rats after a 28-day sub-acute orally administration. Among blood, liver, intestine, and colon, liver is most sensitive to the toxicity induced by TiO₂ nanoparticles, followed by intestine, blood, and colon in sequence.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Biomarkers ; Cytokines ; Nanoparticles ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Titanium