We sought to determine the efficacy of ramosetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting during emergency cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia with strict controls of causative factors.A total of 206 parturients participated in a randomized,single-blind and placebo-controlled trial.They received an intravenous injection of either ramosetron 0.3 mg or normal saline immediately after cord clamping.The primary outcome was the presence of postdelivery nausea and vomiting.Secondary outcomes included the need for rescue antiemetic,hypotension,pain and adverse effects.The incidence of postdelivery nausea and vomiting was 10.7％ in the ramosetron group vs.28.2％ in the control group (P ＜ 0.01 ).The incidence of intraoperative hypotension and postdelivery was similar in both groups.The incidence of postdelivery pain and the requirement for rescue antiemetic were similar in both groups.Ramosetron 0.3 mg is effective in the prevention of postdelivery nausea and vomiting during cesarean delivery.

Objective To explore the fraction risk in patients with osteoporosis and effects of antiosteoporosis therapy on fracture healing.Methods All the recruited subjects were senile patients with fracture in lower extremity and were treated in the Department of Orthopaedics in Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital from Aug.2006 to Feb.2011.In the total 15 cases,10 were female and 5 were male,aged from 53 to 65 years (average 56.7 years old).After surgical reduction and internal fixation,all the 15 patients did free-weight and continous passive motion (CPM) functional exercise and received anti-osteoporosis treatment.X-ray was taken to show the preoperative and postoperative lumbar vertebrae and fracture position.Meanwhile,bone mineral density and blood calcium level and phosphate level were measured.Results Thirteen out of 15 patients were healed for bone fracture after a 3-month treatment,meeting the clinical standards of the fracture healing.The clinical fracture healing rate was 86.67％.Blood calcium level,phosphate level and the bone mineral density were significantly different between that before and after the treatment ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Osteoporosis not only increases the risk of fracture,but also has an adverse effect on the bone healing.Anti-osteoporosis therapy has a positive role to the fracture healing in the senile patients with osteoporosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of percutaneous renal artery angiography and embolization of the renal artery pseudoaneurysms. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 15 cases of postoperative urethral bleeding following urinary calculi surgery from January 2012 to February 2014, which were diagnosed of renal artery pseudoaneurysms via the renal artery angiography.Superselective catheter placement was carried out into the proximal of parent artery and the pseudoaneurysm was embolized by using a coil and gelatin sponge. Results Renal artery angiography clearly displayed pseudoaneurysms in the 15 cases, which were located in interlobular artery in 11 cases, arcuate artery in 3 cases, and minor interlobular artery in 1 case.Urethral bleeding was stopped after using gelatin sponge and spring coil embolization.Among them urethral bleeding recurred in 1 case after two days, and a second embolization was conducted.After the embolization, transient renal colic happened in 2 cases and a fever of 37.8-39.3 ℃lasting for 3-8 d was seen in 7 cases.Follow-ups for 3-24 months ( mean, 15 months) showed no renal dysfunction and urinary tract bleeding. Conclusion The transcatheter embolization and angiography can diagnose and treat renal artery pseudoaneurysms, with safe and effective outcomes.

Objective To investigate the effect of humanoid robot on social skills, concentration and mobility in children with autism. Methods 10 autistic children were asked to interact with humanoid robot NAO in a teaching environment that involves active participation of the robot. The eye-contact and social interaction, as well as performances in accomplishing learning objectives were observed. Results The 10 children exhibited more concentrated gazing and significantly longer periods of silence. The actual number of interaction of the be-havior Gazing of 9 children exceeded 50%of the theoretical one, the success rate of which reaching 50%. For the behavior Waving, 5 chil-dren were able to interact for more than 50%of the theoretical times, with an accuracy of performance of 50%in 7 children. For Say Hello, 7 children were able to interact for more than 50%of the theoretical times, with an accuracy of performance of 50%in 4 children. Conclu-sion Application of humanoid robots NAO may improve the social skills, concentration and mobility in autistic children.

Objective To investigate the role of oestrogen receptors and enteric mast cells in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) . Methods Biopsies from 59 patients with IBS and 24 control subjects were analyzed blindly for the number of mast cell ( MC ) , estrogen receptors and progestogen receptors in terminal ileum , caecum and descending colon (DC). Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the estrogen receptors (ER) , progestogen receptors (PR) and MC. And double Immunohistochemical staining was used to manifest the expression of oestrogen receptors in intestinal MC. Results The cells positive for ER were morphologically similar to the MC (R = 0. 884, P

There is mounting evidence that vascular pathology plays a role in the initiation and/or progression of the major disease of joints: osteoarthritis(OA).Potential mechanisms are:episodically reduced blood flow through the small vessels in the subchondral bone at the ends of long bones,and related to this,reduced interstitial fluid flow in subchondral bone and compromised nutrient and gas exchange into the articular cartilage,a potential initiator of degradation changes in the cartilage.The second is apoptosis of osteocytes in regions of the subchondral bone,which would initiate osteoclastic resorption of that bone and at least temporarily reduce the bony support for the overlying cartilage.It may be important to recognize these potential aetiological factors in order to develop more effective treatments to inhibit the progression of OA.

Objective:To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practice of child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention education in parents of elementary school pupils.Method:Two hundred and seventy one parents were surveyed by anonymous self-administered questionnaire in five classes of grade 1 to grade 5 of a elementary school. The questions about awareness of CSA and communications on how to prevent CSA with their children were asked.Result:Among this sample, 93.6% of parents approved of school CSA prevention education. Overall, about half parents lack of knowledge of CSA prevention, the communications with their children were also not enough. Only 1.8% of parents had provided books or audiovisuals about CSA prevention for their children. The scores of knowledge, attitudes and practice of CSA prevention education of parents whose parents addressed this in their childhood were significantly higher than those of parents who had no this experience.Conclusions:The research of CSA prevention education in elementary school should be paid more attention, to produce related books and audiovisuals as soon as possible, to increase parents' awareness of CSA prevention.

Objective To explore the value of diagnosis and treatment of conization of cervix to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)Ⅱ-Ⅲ grade.Methods The data of 76 patients diagnosed as CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ grade through pre-operative multiple-punch biopsies from July 1st 2006 to June 30th 2007 was retrospectively analyzed.Compared the pathohistology and treatment methods before and after conization of cervix.Results Accordance rate of diagnosis in pre-operative cervical biopsies under vaginoscopy was 48.68%,pathological up-grade were 24 cases(31.58%),among invasive carcinomas were 8 cases(10.53%),pathological down-grade were 15 cases(19.74%).Conclusion Diagnostic cervical conization could enhance the rate of diagnosis,and prevent the omission of invasive carcinomas for the patients with CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ grade.

40 IU/L in one,and E2

Objective To evaluate the effect of injecting UK and Herbesser into the target coronary artery where no-reflow happened during percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods Among the 820 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients who underwent PCI from Jan. 1990 to Apr. 2004, no-reflow phenomenon occurred in 86 patients. Three hundred cases with acute myocardial infraction (AMI) underwent primary PCI, no-reflow phenomenon occurred in 50 cases. In the other 520 unstable angina pectoris (UAP) cases, no-reflow phenomenon occurred in 36 cases during PCI. All the 86 patients with no-reflow were given intra-coronary arteries nitroglycerin but 78 of them showed no improvement in coronary perfusion and were in turns devided into 3 groups randomly. Group A (n=26) was given intra-vessel UK and Herbesser alternately. The maximan dosage of UK was 2?105 U kIU and 2 mg for Herbesser. Group B (n=24) was given intra-coronary Herbesser 500 ?g each time until the maximum amount reached 2 mg. Group C (n=28) was given UK which maximun dosage was 2?105 U. Results All the 26 cases in Group A showed significant improvement in blood flow (P