Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periarthritis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder Joint ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common traumatic disease. SCI causes nutritional and metabolic abnormalities including malnu-trition and overnutrition. This article reviewed nutritional metabolism assessments, the changes and reasons after SCI. Spinal Nutrition Screening Tool (SNST) and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) are commonly used to evaluate malnutrition in adult. Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics (STAMP) is used to evaluate malnutrition in child. Body mass index, waist circumfer-ence and dual-energy X-ray are used to evaluate overnutrition. SCI causes increasement of total caloric intake, disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism, disturbance of fat and protein metabolism, increasement of metabolic syndrome incidence, high risk of coronary heart disease, and abnormal bone metabolism. Individual diet program should be provided to SCI patients for balanced nutrition. Periodic assessments are also necessary.

Objective To study the vaginal microenvironment in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes,and to explore the change of vaginal microenvironment in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes.Methods 1 16 women with preterm premature rupture of the membranes were selected as preterm premature rupture of the membranes group,1 16 women with normal pregnancy outcomes were selected as control group.The vaginal pH value,vaginal lactobacilli,vaginal sialidase and HD5,IgE and SIgA levels were observed.Results At 28 weeks of pregnancy,the vaginal PH value,sialidase detection rate and HD5,IgE,SIgA levels of preterm premature rupture of the membranes group were higher than those of the control group,but there were no significant differences between the two groups(t=1.037,χ2 =1.052,t=1.282,1.051,1.861,all P>0.05).At pregnant 36 weeks,the vaginal pH value,sialidase detection rate and HD5,IgE,SIgA levels of preterm premature rupture of the membranes group[(4.13 ±0.22),71.4%,(12.53 ±1.55)pg/mL,(338.84 ±1.67)ng/mL, (53.44 ±1.57)μg/mL]were higher than those of the control group[(3.79 ±0.25),13.8%,(8.77 ±3.17)pg/mL, (167.43 ±3.66)ng/mL,(37.59 ±1.85)μg/mL],the differences were statistically significant(t=12.331,χ2 =24.816,t=5.258,9.469,7.357,all P<0.05).At 28 weeks of pregnancy,the vaginal lactobacilli detection rate of preterm premature rupture of the membranes group was lower than that of control group,but there was no significant difference(χ2 =1.723,P>0.05).At 36 weeks gestation,the vaginal lactobacilli detection rate of preterm premature rupture of the membranes group was lower than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =19.545,P<0.05).Conclusion Preterm premature rupture of the membranes pregnant vaginal pH value increases,the detection rate of vaginal lactobacilli decreases,vaginal sialidase detection rate increases,vaginal immune factors HD5,IgE,SIgA level increases.

With the illustration of the L-Arg-NO-cGMP pathway in penile erection,the researches on nitric oxide synthases(NOSs),which produce nitric oxide(NO)as the main messenger to control the process,has stayed in the spotlight.nNOS locates in neuroal tissues and eNOS is binding on the membrane of cavernous sinus endothelium with caveolin.The nNOS & eNOS are expressed constitutively.The activation of nNOS & eNOS is more dependent on Ca2+ concentration than iNOS,which is seldom expressed except in aged or pathological conditions.It is now clear that nNOS may initiate cavernosal tissue relaxation under the regulation of PDZ zone when transcripted,while phosphorylated eNOS may facilitate attainment and maintenance of full erection.iNOS expression stimulated by the cytokines may be beneficial(cytoprotective or anti-fibrotic)or deleterious(cytotoxic)according to the tissue environment.Gene therapies based on NOSs have attained a great deal of achievements in animal experiments and will promise a wonderful future.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effects of Rujieping capsule on estrogen receptor(ER) and progesteron receptor(PR) of pathological tissues in rats with hyperplasia of mammary glands.METHODS:The rats were injected i.m with Estradiol benzoate injection for 25 days followed by the injection of Progesterone injection i.m for 5 days to establish the model of hyperplasia of mammary glands.Which were treated with high and low doses of Rujieping capsule respectively for 30 days with tamoxifen as positive control.RESULTS:Both tamoxifen and high and low doses of Rujieping capsules could lessen the symptoms of red swelling of nipples or hyperplasia of mammary glands,lower the levels of E2 and PRL,enhance the level of progestone,lower the index of uterus,markedly reduce the number of layers of the ductal epithelial cells,reduce the levels of ER and PR in mammary glands,and suppress mammoplasia.CONCLUSION:Rujieping capsules is effective in the treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands in rats by regulating the level of estrogen and improve pathomorphologic change of hyperplastic mammary glands.

OBJECTIVE:To study the immunoregularoty effect of Lappaconitine in S180 tumor-bearing mice.METHODS: Each mouse was inoculated hypodermically with S180 tumor cells and normal sodium suspension,24 hours later,all the mice were injected i.m.with Lappaconitine q.d for 10 consecutive days.The immune function of the S180 tumor-bearing mice was detected.RESULTS: In Lappaconitine-treated mice,serum IgG level was heightened significantly;the 2,4-DNFB-induced delayed type hypersensitivity was enhanced;the induction of transformation of lymphocytes into lymphoblast was achieved;the phagocytic function of reticuloendothelial system was enhanced significantly,and the immune function of red cells was promoted.CONCLUSION: Lappaconitine could inhibit the growth of S180 tumor cells and significantly enhance the cellular immune function of S180 tumor-bearing mice.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the health risk links involved in self-medication of Chinese urban residents. METHODS: Based on literature study and the experts consultation, the high risk links of the self-medication were defined according to the process of self-medication behavior and the probability of the health harm involved in the self-medication behavior, and the intervention suggestions were put forward for the health risks. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The health risk links involved in self-medication of Chinese urban residents appear as 6 links include self-diagnostic error, incorrect drug choice, failing to understand or follow drug package inserts in taking drugs, irrational drug use, unaware of the drug contraindication, disregarding the physiological particularity of the special drug users. Carrying out education on self-mediation and behavior management among the residents, and reinforcing the government control are the effective ways to reduce the health risk of self-medication.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Azone,propylene glycol(PG),oleic acid(OA) alone or in combination of two or three as penetration enhancers on the in vitro transdermal efficacy of diclofenac potassium(DP) gels.METHODS: Thirteen formulations of DP gels containing the following different penetration enhancers at different concentrations were prepared: blank,3% Azone, 5% OA,12% PG,6% PG+2.5% OA,12% PG+5% OA,1.5% Azone+2.5% OA,1.5% Azone+6% PG+5% OA,1.5 % Azone+12% PG,3% Azone+5% OA,3% Azone+6% PG,3% Azone+6% PG+5% OA,and 3% Azone+12% PG.The in vitro permeation test was performed on a modified Franz-type diffusion cell with human skin as transdermal barrier taking transdermal velocity(J) as index to determine and compute the transdermal properties of the DP gels after treated respectively by the above 13 penetration enhancers.RESULTS: Compared with the blank control group,all the penetration enhancer-treated formulations showed significant higher J value,with the formulation treated by 3% Az-one+12% PG enhancer showing the highest J value of 10.253 0 ?g?cm-2?h-1.CONCLUSION: All the three penetration enhancers could promote the transdermal permeation DP gels,much as in the combination of Azone and propylene.

Object To investigate the pathological changes,physiological condition,neurobehavior and motor development of the 3-day-old rats with ischemic brain injury.Methods Ninety six 3-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups.Occlusion of both carotid arteries was performed in the experimental group,while the rats in the control group only received skin incisions without carotid ligation.Physical examinations and neurobehavioral development of the rats were recorded daily from the first day after operation until 3 weeks after birth,including weight,eye opening, incisor eruption,ear unfolding,righting reflex,negative geotaxis,limb placing and grasping reflex. Specimens of the brain tissue were obtained in 24 hours after operation and 3 weeks after birth for the hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining to investigate the pathological changes.All the reaults were compared between the 2 groups.Results Compared with the control group,rats in the experimental group were found growth retardation,suppression of primitive reflexes and impaired motor abilities (P < 0.05 ).The brain tissue obtained from the rats after operation showed white matter rarefaction,liquefaction and microglia hyperplasia with Hematoxylin-eosin staining and myelin formation disorder with immunohistochemistry staining.Conclusions Ischemic brain injury of the 3-day-old rats could result the mental retardation,neurobehavioral and motor development disorder because of the white matter injury.