The objective of the present study was to establish a novel rapid fluorescence focus inhibition test (RFFIT GFP)for the detection of rabies virus antibody, in which a chimeric rabies virus expressing green fluorescent protein (HEP GFP) was used as the basic virus strain in RFFIT GFP assay, and a few serum samples from human, dog and cat were detected by this new method .The optimal serum dilution, virus dosage and infection time were determined in 24 serum samples from human, dog and cat by using RFFIT GFP, RFFIT and ELISA assays. The result showed that these 3 methods gave a good consistency. But RFFIT GFP was found to be more convenient and economic for the detection of rabies virus antibody.

Objective To study the preventive effect ofω-6 soybean oil fatty emulsion on gastric ulcer caused by acetic acid in rat model, and investigate its mechanisms. Methods Thirty healthy rats were randomly and equally assigned to the following 3 groups:sham operation,gastric ulcer,andω-6 Soybean oil fatty emulsion group.The model was induced by acetic acid. Five days after the model was established successfully,rats in ω-6 soybean oil group received the treatment by tail intravenous injection with the dose of 10 mL.kg-1 .d-1 ,the sham operation group and gastric ulcer group were given the same dose of 0.9%sodium chloride solution.The rats were sacrificed at 10th day after the treatment.The pathological changes of rat gastric ulcer tissue were observed by HE staining, and the concentration of gastric acid was detected by acid-base neutralization method,as well as the activity of pepsin was detected by colorimetry.Serum NO concentration was detected with nitrate reductive enzymatic method, and the expression of EGFR in gastric mucosal was detected with immunohistochemical method. Results Gastric ulcer area inω-6 soybean oil fatty emulsion group (5.67±2.32 mm2) was significantly lower than that in gastric ulcer group(8.68±1.98 mm2). The concentration of gastric acid (1.70±0.53 mmol.L-1), activity of pepsin(23.12±6.97 U) and NO level (64.62±13.86μmol.L-1 ) inω-6 soybean oil fatty emulsion group were much lower than those in the model control group.While the expression of EGFR in gastric ulcer tissue was increased after treatment withω-6 soybean oil fatty emulsion. Conclusion ω-6 soybean oil fatty emulsion exerts significant promotion effect on the healing of gastric ulcer,and its mechanism might be related to inhibiting the level of gastric acid, pepsin and NO, while improving the protective effect of EGFR on gastric mucosa.

Objective To investigate the correlationship between DNMT3a, DNMT3b protein expressions and the state of promoter methylation of ERα gene and ERα protein expression in the development of sporadic breast cancer. Methods A total of 180 patients with sporadic breast cancer and 30 patients with breast fibroadenoma were included in this study. The expressions of DNMT3a and DNMT3b protein were detected by immunohistochemical method. The state of promoter methylation of ERα gene was detected by methylation specific PCR in 97 patients with sporadic breast cancer. Results There were no significant differences in positive expression rates of DNMT3a and DNMT3b protein between breast fibroadenoma and breast cancer. There were higher expression levels of DNMT3a and DNMT3b in breast cancer patient of Ⅲ～Ⅳstages than those of Ⅰ～Ⅱstages. The expression of DNMT3a was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than that of patients without lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05). Of 97 cases of breast cancer patients, ERα gene promoter methylation occurred in 39 cases (40.2%). The positive expression of DNMT3a protein was positively correlated with the ERα gene methylation (rS=0.250). The DNMT3a protein expression showed a significant influence to the overall survival (OS) in patients of breast cancer (P=0.035), no significant influence to the disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.064). DNMT3b protein expression showed no significant influence to OS and DFS of patients with breast cancer (P=0.914 and 0.961). Conclusion The positive expressions of DNMT3a and DNMT3b are correlated with the invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis of sporadic breast cancer. DNMT3a was positively correlated with the state of ERα gene promoter methylation. The inhibition of DNMT3a and DNMT3b may have advantages in the prevention and treatment of sporadic breast cancer.

Objective to investigate the protective effect of omega-3 fish oil fat emulsion on cyclophosphamide-induced gastric mucosal injury in mice. Methods Forty-five kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups as control,model,and omega-3 fish oil fat emulsion group(with 15 mice in each group). Mice of the two experiment groups were administrated with cyclophosphamide i.p. for 2 days to establish the damage model. then mice in omega-3 fish oil fat emulsion group received omega-3 fish oil fat emulsion at a dose of 15 mL/kg daily for 14 days. Meanwhile,the ani-mals in control group and model group were intravenously administered with the same volume of saline. the weight and food intake of the mice in each group were assessed daily. Five mice in each group were respectively sacrificed at day 1,day 7,day 14 after intravenous injection. Morphology of gastric mucosa was observed by HE staining and the activities of SOD and MAO in gastric mucosa were measured respectively by xanthine oxida-tion and ultraviolet spectrophotometry methods. Results Compared with the model group,the general status,nutritional status and the injury in stomach mucosa in omega-3 fish oil fat emulsion group were significantly improved. After 14 day′s treatment,the activities of SOD and MAO in gas-tric mucosa of mice in omega-3 fish oil fat emulsion group were significantly increased(P < 0.05)compared with model group. Conclusion omega-3 fish oil fat emulsion has a significant protective effect on the cyclophosphamide induced injury in gastric mucosa of mice,which may be related to the upregulation of MAO and SOD.

Background/Aims: The utility of Baveno-VII criteria of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) to predict decompensation in compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) patient needs validation. We aim to validate the performance of CSPH criteria to predict the risk of decompensation in an international real-world cohort of cACLD patients. Methods: cACLD patients were stratified into three categories (CSPH excluded, grey zone, and CSPH). The risks of decompensation across different CSPH categories were estimated using competing risk regression for clustered data, with death and hepatocellular carcinoma as competing events. The performance of “treating definite CSPH” strategy to prevent decompensation using non-selective beta-blocker (NSBB) was compared against other strategies in decision curve analysis. Results: One thousand one hundred fifty-nine cACLD patients (36.8% had CSPH) were included; 7.2% experienced decompensation over a median follow-up of 40 months. Non-invasive assessment of CSPH predicts a 5-fold higher risk of liver decompensation in cACLD patients (subdistribution hazard ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 4.0–7.4). “Probable CSPH” is suboptimal to predict decompensation risk in cACLD patients. CSPH exclusion criteria reliably exclude cACLD patients at risk of decompensation, regardless of etiology. Among the grey zone, the decompensation risk was negligible among viral-related cACLD, but was substantially higher among the non-viral cACLD group. Decision curve analysis showed that “treating definite CSPH” strategy is superior to “treating all varices” or “treating probable CSPH” strategy to prevent decompensation using NSBB. Conclusions Non-invasive assessment of CSPH may stratify decompensation risk and the need for NSBB in cACLD patients.

Background::The heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) are known to be widespread environmental contaminants and high occupational exposure adversely affects the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, evidence from epidemiological studies linking low Cd and Hg exposure (or non-industrial) to the risk of progression to CKD are conflicting. This study aimed to explore the association of low Cd and Hg exposure with the risk of CKD in Chinese adults aged ≥80 years.Methods::The participants were recruited for the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study in 2017, an ongoing perspective survey conducted in longevity areas in China initially involving 3016 older adults. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals of CKD setting Cd and Hg as categorical variables. Logistic regression with restricted cubic spline was used to characterize a dose-response relationships between Cd or Hg concentrations and the risk of CKD in the study population.Results::The ORs for the risk of CKD comparing the fourth to the first quartile of blood Cd, blood Hg, urine Cd, and urine Hg were 1.77, 1.57, 2.03, and 1.50, respectively. Restricted cubic spline models showed that blood Cd and urine Hg were significantly linearly correlated with the risk of CKD, while blood Hg and urine Cd were non-linearly correlated with the risk of CKD with a steeper slope at concentrations <2.30 μg/L and 3.30 μg/g creatinine.Conclusions::Our findings suggest that even low Cd and Hg exposure (or non-industrial) were associated with increased risk of CKD in Chinese oldest old, although we did not find a significant multiplicative and additive interaction between Cd and Hg levels in relation to the risk of CKD.

Objective To explore the association of arsenic with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Methods A case?control study was conducted to select URSA patients who were admitted to the Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from April to October 2018 as a case group. Women who had a normal pregnancy in the Family Planning Department of the hospital but volunteered to have an abortion were selected as a control group. The case and control group were paired in a 1:1 ratio. The inclusion criteria of the case group were patients with newly diagnosed recurrent spontaneous abortion who had clinically confirmed more than 2 spontaneous abortions and had 20 weeks prior to pregnancy, excluding patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion caused by abnormal blood coagulation (anti?phospholipid antibody positive), abnormal physiological anatomy (B?ultrasound), abnormal immune factors (anti?nuclear antibody positive, anti?cardiolipin antibody, etc.), genetic chromosomal abnormalities (karyotype analysis) and pathogenic microbial infection. The control group was matched according to the age of the case group (±3 years old) and the gestational age (±2 weeks) to exclude adverse pregnancy outcomes such as stillbirth, congenital malformation, premature delivery and low birth weight infants. A total of 192 subjects were included. Questionnaires were used to collect information of all subjects, and 12 ml of peripheral venous blood was collected to detect blood arsenic levels. Blood arsenic levels were divided into low concentration group (<1.00 μg/L), medium concentration group (1.00-1.50 μg/L) and high concentration group (>1.50 μg/L). The multivariate conditional logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between blood arsenic exposure and URSA and explore the influencing factors of blood Arsenic. Results The geometric mean values of blood arsenic level in the cases group and control group were 1.68 (1.50-1.86) μg/L and 1.26 (1.17-1.37) μg/L, respectively. The blood arsenic level in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The results of multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for tobacco exposure during pregnancy, pre?pregnancy body mass index and the effects of residential decoration in past five years, the risk of URSA was higher in the high?concentration group compared with the low?concentration group ( OR=2.56, 95%CI :1.06-6.24). Conclusion Blood arsenic may increase the risk of URSA in women of childbearing age.

Objective:To investigate the association of cadmium exposure with liver function among adults in a non-ferrous metal mining area in Guangxi.Methods:A total of 310 residents aged 18 and above were recruited from 5 heavy metals polluted villages in a non-ferrous metal mining area in Guangxi from 2013 to 2014. The general demographic characteristics, blood cadmium levels and indicators of liver function index [Total bilirubin (TBIL), Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Glutamine transaminase (GGT)] were obtained by using questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory test. The blood cadmium levels were divided into quartiles as Q1- Q4 groups (using Q1 group as the reference).Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between the blood cadmium level and functional liver index. Results:The age of subjects was (49.2±15.4) years, and 112 (36.1%) subjects were male residents. The prevalence of abnormal rates of TBIL,AST,ALT and GGT were 17.4% (54), 19.7% (61), 10.7% (33) and 11.9% (37), respectively. The geometric mean value of cadmium levels in adults was 3.72(95% CI: 3.43-4.02) μg/L. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, total cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and other factors, the risk of abnormal AST index in the highest concentration of blood cadmium group ( Q4) was higher than that in the lowest concentration of blood cadmium group ( Q1) ( OR=2.92, 95%CI:1.07-7.98). Conclusion:The level of blood cadmium exposure is higher than the reference value of general population in China, and the elevated cadmium exposure is related to the increasing risk of AST abnormality.

Objective:To investigate the association between oxygen saturation (SpO 2) and risk of 3-year all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults aged 65 or over. Methods:The participants were enrolled from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study in year of 2012 to 2014 in 9 longevity areas in China. In this prospective cohort study, 2 287 participants aged 65 or over were enrolled. Data on SpO 2 and body measurements were collected at baseline in 2012, and data on survival outcome and time of mortality were collected at the follow-up in 2014. Participants were divided into two groups according to whether SpO 2 was abnormal (SpO 2<94% was defined as abnormal). Results:The 2 287 participants were (86.5±12.2) years old, 1 006 were males (44.0%), and 315 (13.8%) were abnormal in SpO 2. During follow-up in 2014, 452 were died, 1 434 were survived, and 401 were lost to follow-up. The all-cause mortality rate was 19.8%, and the follow-up rate was 82.5%. The mortality rate of SpO 2 in normal group was 21.1%, and that of abnormal group was 41.6% ( P<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, compared to participants with normal SpO 2, participants with abnormal SpO 2 had increased risk of all-cause mortality with HR (95% CI) of 1.62 (1.31-2.02); HR (95 % CI) was 1.49 (0.98-2.26) for males and 1.71 (1.30-2.26) for females in abnormal SpO 2group, respectively; HR (95% CI) was 2.70 (0.98-7.44) for aged 65-79 years old, 1.22 (0.63-2.38) for aged 80-89 years old, and 1.72 (1.35-2.19) for aged over 90 years old in abnormal SpO 2 group, respectively. Conclusion:Abnormal SpO 2 was responsible for increased risk of 3-year all-cause mortality among Chinese elderly adults.

Objective To explore the association of arsenic with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Methods A case?control study was conducted to select URSA patients who were admitted to the Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from April to October 2018 as a case group. Women who had a normal pregnancy in the Family Planning Department of the hospital but volunteered to have an abortion were selected as a control group. The case and control group were paired in a 1:1 ratio. The inclusion criteria of the case group were patients with newly diagnosed recurrent spontaneous abortion who had clinically confirmed more than 2 spontaneous abortions and had 20 weeks prior to pregnancy, excluding patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion caused by abnormal blood coagulation (anti?phospholipid antibody positive), abnormal physiological anatomy (B?ultrasound), abnormal immune factors (anti?nuclear antibody positive, anti?cardiolipin antibody, etc.), genetic chromosomal abnormalities (karyotype analysis) and pathogenic microbial infection. The control group was matched according to the age of the case group (±3 years old) and the gestational age (±2 weeks) to exclude adverse pregnancy outcomes such as stillbirth, congenital malformation, premature delivery and low birth weight infants. A total of 192 subjects were included. Questionnaires were used to collect information of all subjects, and 12 ml of peripheral venous blood was collected to detect blood arsenic levels. Blood arsenic levels were divided into low concentration group (<1.00 μg/L), medium concentration group (1.00-1.50 μg/L) and high concentration group (>1.50 μg/L). The multivariate conditional logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between blood arsenic exposure and URSA and explore the influencing factors of blood Arsenic. Results The geometric mean values of blood arsenic level in the cases group and control group were 1.68 (1.50-1.86) μg/L and 1.26 (1.17-1.37) μg/L, respectively. The blood arsenic level in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The results of multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for tobacco exposure during pregnancy, pre?pregnancy body mass index and the effects of residential decoration in past five years, the risk of URSA was higher in the high?concentration group compared with the low?concentration group ( OR=2.56, 95%CI :1.06-6.24). Conclusion Blood arsenic may increase the risk of URSA in women of childbearing age.