Objective To explore the clinical application and value of MIPO technique in treating distal tibial fracture.Methods During February 2007 and January 2009,27 patients with distal tibial fractures were treated by MIPO technique using LCP.Based on the AO fracture classification system,7 patients were classified into A2,9 into A3,7 into B2 and 4 into C1.The mean age was 43 years old ranging from 26 to 72 years old.Results The mean follow-up duration was 12 months ( between 4 and 21 months ).According to the Johner-Wruhs score classification system,all the patients were well treated,with excellent efficacy in 19 patients,good in 7 patients and acceptable in 1 patient.No infection or skin putrescence occurred.Conclusion MIPO technique is an ideal measure to treat distal tibial fracture with the advantages such as less incision,higher healing rate,nicer appearance,more stable fixation,less tissue infection,earlier functional exercise and weightbearing activity.

Objective To study the indications of carotid endarterectomy(CEA) and perioperative managements . Methods The clinical data of 11 patients with transient ischemia attack (TIA) and carotid artery stenosis who underwent CEA were reviewed retrospectively. Results After CEA, the TIA symptoms disappeared in all patients, and the chronic symptoms of cerebral ischemia had obvious improvement in 4 cases . There were no serious postoperative complications, such as cerebral hemorrhage, hemiplegia, etc. Conclusions CEA may be considered when one or both sides of carotid stenosis more than 50% is discovered by Duplex scanning, digital subtraction angiography or MRA in patients with TIA. Stage operation for bilateral carotid occlusive lesion is safer. Paying attention to perioperative managements is important for reducing operative complications.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and security of two type of rotary nickel titanium system (Twisted File and ProTaper Universal)for root canal preparation based on micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).Methods:Twenty extracted molars (including 62 canals)were divided into two experimen-tal groups and were respectively instrumented using Twisted File rotary nickel titanium system (TF)and ProTaper Universal rotary nickel titanium system (PU)to #25/0.08 following recommended protocol. Time for root canal instrumentation (accumulation of time for every single file)was recorded.The 0-3 mm root surface from apex was observed under an optical stereomicroscope at 25 ×magnification.The presence of crack line was noted.The root canals were scanned with micro-CT before and after root canal preparation.Three-dimensional shape images of canals were reconstructed,calculated and evaluated. The amount of canal central transportation of the two groups was calculated and compared.Results:The shorter preparation time [(0.53 ±0.1 4)min]was observed in TF group,while the preparation time of PU group was (2.06 ±0.39)min (P<0.05).In mid-root level,TF group shaping resulted in less ca-nal center transportation than PU group [(0.070 ±0.056)mm vs.(0.097 ±0.084)mm,P<0.05]. No instrument separation was observed in both the groups.Cracks were not found in both the groups ei-ther based in micro-CT images or observation under an optical stereomicroscope at 25 × magnification. Conclusion:Compared with ProTaper Universal,Twisted File took less time in root canal preparation and exhibited better shaping ability,and less canal transportation.

Objective To determine the hair selenium level by material microwave digestion-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Methods The selenium in hair was determined by hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry after microwave digestion, and the method was improved by exploring the test conditions. The linear relationship and linear range of the standard curve, the detection limit, the precision and the accuracy of the sample determination were implemented under the optimized conditions. The selenium value of standard material of human hair was tested by material microwave digestion-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Results The selenium detection limit of material microwave digestion-atomic fluorescence spectrometry was 0.095 μg/g, the correlation coefficient of standard curve was 0.9997, the relative standard deviation was 1.32% - 2.48%, the average recovery rate was 93.4% - 98.2%, and the selenium value of standard material of human hair was in the standard value range of uncertainty, which met the requirements. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and precise, and it is an accurate and reliable method for determination of selenium in hair.

Objective: To compare the incidences of root cracks after canal instrumentation with HyFlex CM system and the ProTaper Universal system .Methods:Sixty mandibular incisors were mounted in resin blocks with simulated periodontal ligaments , and the apex was exposed .The control group of 20 teeth was not prepared , and the other 40 teeth were divided into 2 experimental groups ( n=20 ) .The 40 root canals of the experimental groups were instrumented using HyFlex CM and ProTaper Universal to the major apical foramen ( AF).The horizontal sections 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm from the apex were observed under an optical stereomicroscope at 25 ×magnification .The presence of cracks was noted . Results:No cracks were found in the control teeth .Cracks were found in 1 of 20 ( 5%) teeth in HyFlex CM group , and 17 of 20 ( 85%) teeth in ProTaper Universal group .The difference between the two experimental groups was statistically significant (P<0.01).Conclusion: The HyFlex CM files caused fewer root cracks than the ProTaper Universal files during the root canal instrumentation .

Aim To investigate the effect of fluvastatin(FV)on the expression of IL-1? mRNA of left ventricular(LV) myocardium in rats with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods 6 h after ligating left coronary artery,surviving AMI female SD rats were randomly assigned to: ①AMI control;②AMI+FV;③sham-operated group,which was randomly selected as non-infarction control.After 8 weeks of therapy,we assessed cardiac function,hemodynamics,ventricular remodeling parameters and IL-1? mRNA expression in the infarcted and non-infarcted area(IA,NIA).Results Compared with the sham-operated group,LV end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD),LV end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),E-wave,E-wave deceleration,E/A ratio,LV end diastolic pressure(LVEDP),relative weight(LVRW),right ventricular relative weight(RVRW),collagen volume fraction(CVF) and IL-1? mRNA in NIA were all significantly increased in the AMI group(all P

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of liposome formulation in promoting hepatocytes' uptake of tenofovir and cytotoxic effect. METHODS: The tenofovir cationic liposomes were prepared by tert-butyl lyophilization, and its encapsulation efficiency and physico-chemical property were determined. Using human hepatic carcinoma cells SMMC-7721 as a model to investigate the effect of liposome formulation in promoting hepatocytes' uptake of tenofovir. MTT assays were used to examine the toxicity of tenofovir cationic liposomes in different conditions. RESULTS: The prepared tenofovir cationic liposomes had an encapsulation efficiency of (88.3?1.6)%, a size distribution of (278.4?67.6)nm and a Zeta potential of (31?5)mV. The results showed that the liposome formulations containing galactose and PEG modifying lipids resulted in significantly higher and prolonged drug accumulation inside cells as compared with free drugs. The cell survival rates were above 80% when the tenofovir liposome was at a concentration of 7.5?g?mL-1 and lipids at a concentration of 30?g?mL-1, and little toxicity was noted. CONCLUSION: The prepared cationic liposome can greatly enhance hepatocytes' uptake and protection of tenofovir, which is expected to become a highly effective drug delivery system of antiviral drugs such as tenofovir etc.

Objective To explore the effect of Shen-Fu injection(SFI,参附注射液) on expressions of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in renal failure induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) in rats and its possible mechanism in the protection of kidney.Methods The model of intestinal IRI was induced by clamping superior mesenteric artery(SMA) for 1 hour and then releasing the arterial clamp for 6 hours.Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: IRI model group,SFI pretreatment group and sham operation group.In the SFI pretreatment group,10 ml/kg of SFI was pumped in at constant rate 30 minutes before the ischemia,the SMA was clumped for 1 hour and then released,while in the IRI model group,an equal volume of normal saline was pumped in continuously 30 minutes before the ischemia.The serum creatinine(SCr) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were observed respectively.Expressions and distributions of HO-1 and iNOS in the rat kidney tissue were detected by immunohistochemitry and morphometry computer image analysis.The histological changes of kidney were observed under light microscope.Results The expressions of HO-1 and iNOS were markedly higher,and the levels of SCr and BUN were also significantly higher in intestinal IRI model group than those in the sham operation group(all P

Objective To investigate the effect of inhaled pravastatin on the acute inflammation of lung in smoked rats.Methods 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=8 per group),as the controls,cigarette-smoking exposure group,saline or pravastatin treatment groups.The rats in the control group were treated routinely,the other groups were exposed to cigarette smoking for one week.Rats in saline or pravastatin group were treated with saline or pravastatin inhalation respectively.During smoking exposure period rats were weighted before and after the treatment,executed at day eight,blood,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),and lung tissue were collected.The morphological alternations of lung tissue were observed.Total cell numbers in BALF were counted.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the levels of serum IL-10 and IL-17 content.Results The increase of body weight of smoke-exposed rats were less than that of the controls.In smoking-exposed rats,acute inflammatory changes were remarkable in the lung.The total cell numbers in BALF and levels of IL-10 were increased significantly(P<0.05).These changes were mitigated in pravastatin treated rats and an IL-10/IL-17 rebalance was observed.Conclusion Inhalation of pravastatin sodium has a certain inhibitory effect on cigarette smoke-induced acute lung inflammation in rats.

Objective In order to explore the effective dosage of insulin and its correlated elements in sulphonylureas failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods 61 cases of type 2 diabetics were separated into two groups,one group (group 1) is the first time using insulin and the other group (group 2) is in the use of insulin in the past.Results The effective insulin dosage of group 2 is significantly higher than that of group 1 (36.2?10.6 IU/d vs 30.1?10.5IU/d, P