Objective To investigate the effect of mixed application of lecture-based learning and flipped classroom and problem-based learning in microbiology teaching. Methods The five-year program students of Grade 2013 and Grade 2014 were randomly divided into two groups, and the experimental group (48 students in the teaching reform class) carried out the blended teaching, while the contrast group (48 students of parallel class) carried on the traditional teaching. After the lecture, the teaching effect of the hybrid teaching method and traditional teaching method was analyzed after the theoretical and the experi-mental operation test were adopted, and the four part questionnaire surveys including the integrated use of knowledge, active classroom atmosphere, innovation ability and teaching satisfaction were proceeded in each group. The data of each group was analyzed by t test analysis with SPSS 19.0 respectively. Results The theory test scores of experimental group was (90.16±3.14), which was higher than the control group (82.33± 4.21). The difference between them was very significant (P=0.000). Survey results showed that the integrated use of knowledge, active classroom atmosphere, innovation ability and teaching satisfaction were higher than traditional group. The difference was statistically considered significant (P<0.01). Conclusion Hybrid teaching method is very good for training and development of students' comprehensive quality and ability. It has important significance in improving the students' score.

A discussion of the connotation and key issues of the new normal in the healthcare sector,with an introduction to the new normal.The furthering reform is unveiling roadblocks in the healthcare system.For example,human resources available can hardly support development of the sector, and revenue growth of tertiary hospitals in the cities will decline,while county hospitals will be further challenged by debt crisis.In the meantime of steady elevation of medical capabilities in both urban and rural areas,the gap between the two will be maintained for a while.The authors predict that the sector will be faced with restructuring essential medicine system,grading diagnosis and treatment practice,rising risks for health insurance,and growing market shares of commercial health insurance and private capital, as well as fiercer competitions to challenge public hospitals.

Objective To investigate the cost-effect of tele-wound treatment platform with cellular phone terminator and traditional outpatient treatment on chronic lower limb ulcers in remote district.Methods Thirty seven cases with chronic lower limb ulcers from the key hospitals in the district of west Hunan Province were collected by cluster sampling,and randomly divided into the intervention group (25 cases)and the control group (12 cases).They chose remote wound treatment platform intervention with cellular phone terminator and traditional dressing change in clinic.All patients received a 1.5-year follow-up,or cure and amputations were set as the endpoint of the study.The cost-effect,including the incidence of complications in the course of treatment,number of switches,treatment time,the cost of treatment,as well as medical human resources consumption was analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results The incidence of complications in the course of treatment in the intervention was (76.0％) significantly lower than the control group(91.7％).There was a significant increase in the dressing times and the duration of treatment; and there was no significant difference in the cost of treatment and medical human resources consumption between two groups.Conclusions Compared to the traditional outpatients wound treatment,the multimedia message-based tele-wound treatment platform unlikely increased medical human resources consumption and the cost of treatment,and may reduce the incidence of complications and the treatment time.

Objective:To construct GM-CSF and EB virus LMP2A fusion gene recombinant adenovirus and identificate it , using recombinant adenovirus to do immunologic study.Methods:With RT-PCR and Western blot to detect GC 2A gene expression of the recombinant adenovirus , with ELISA to analysis antibodies of vAd-GC2A stimulation in murine body , lactate dehydrogenase assay to detect the mouse cellular immunity effect , thereby the recombinant adenovirus immune effect was initially analysis.T-test method was used to do preliminary analysis and evaluation of the immune effect of recombinant adenovirus .Results:GC2A fragment amplified by PCR, the size was 1 961 bp and it was the expected.The results showed, the recombinant adenovirus vAd-GC2A proteins can be recognized by sera antibody of GM-CSF ( LMP2A); the results of ELISA showed that vAd-GC2A can stimulate the generation of antibodies.EBV-positive tumor cell killing rate (%) by CTL induced recombinant adenovirus was (66.7 ±6.9)%, at the same time the adenovirus type 5 wild strains and PBS were (24.3 ±2.5)%and(32.4 ±3.1)%only(P≤0.05).Conclusion:Fusion gene has been successfully constructed , vAd-GC2A in mice have humoral and cellular immune function.The data suggest that the vAd-GC2A should play a potent role in preventing the positive EB virus tumor.

Objective To identify the expression of a fusion gene GCA formed from GM-CSF gene and LMP2A gene of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in a recombinant BCG (rBCG) and to study its immunoge-nicity.Methods The rBCG was constructed to express the fusion gene GCA and the expressed products were detected by Western blot assay .ELISA was performed to measure specific antibody titers in serum sam-ples from mice immunized with rBCG .Lactate dehydrogenase assay was used to analyze the cellular immuni-ty of mice.A mouse model of EBV-positive gastric carcinoma was established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of rBCG.Results The target proteins of GM-CSF and LMP2A were successfully expressed in rBCG . The specific antibodies were detected in rBCG immunized mice as indicated by ELISA .The maximum anti-body titer reached 1 ∶27 900 [(326.5±7.8) pg/ml] as injection with rBCG 5×108/mouse.The rBCG in-duced cytotoxicity of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) to EBV-positive gastric carcinoma cells (GT39) (with a killing rate of 89.6%±6.8%) was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05) The sizes of tumor in PBS control group [(1964.0±548.7) mm3] and BCG group [(1268.65±72.4) mm3] were big-ger than those in rBCG group [(168.64±78.80) mm3].Conclusion The rBCG expressing GM-CSF and LMP2A fusion gene was successfully constructed .The rBCG could induce humoral and cellular immune re-sponses in mice and inhibit the growth of tumor .

Background N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mouse mutagenesis is a powerful approach for the study of gene function and the generation of human disease models.Objective This study was to create the corneal morphologic change and map the mutant gene of a kind of corneal opacity in ENU mutagenesis in mouse.Methods ENU was intraperitoneally injected in forty C57BL/ 6J (B6) male mice aged 8-10 weeks old.The male mice were mated with the same strain female mice.Their progenies were screened for visible eye mutation,and the mutant mice were mated with the same strain mice to confirm the heredity of mutation phenotypes.Hematoxylin & eosin staining was used to examine the histopathological change of cornea in one mouse with ENU-induced corneal opacity.To map the mutant gene,[(B6×D2)F1 ×B6] N2 mutant mice were bred,and the genome of the N2 mice was scanned by microsatellite markers distributed equally on the mouse chromosome.The microsatellite linked to the mutant gene was determined by the log odds score.This experimental procedure was approved by Ethic Committee about Experimental Animal Care and Use of Yangzhou University.Results The founder mouse,which was the progeny of an ENU-treated B6 male mouse and an untreated B6 female mouse,had a corneal opacity phenotype.After mating the mutant with B6 mice,19 of 59 descendants appeared corneal opacity phenotype.Thickening of corneal stroma,neoangiogenesis,infiltration of inflammatory cells and proliferation of fibroblasts were exhibited in cloudy cornea in ENU-induced mutated mice under the optical microscope.After linkage analysis between microsatellite markers and the mutant gene,the mutant gene was linked to D2Mi307,which was located at 63.42 cM.Three cases of 26 N2 mice underwent recombination with the LOD 3.79.The mutant gene associated with the cornea phenotype was located on chromosome 2.Conclusions This study map the mutant gene associated with the cornea phenotype on chromosome 2.The strain might be used as a mouse model for heritable human corneal opacity.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cells, Cultured ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Microglia ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Through morphological observation, HE staining, TRAP staining and toluidine blue staining of bone resorption pits to identify osteoclasts which obtained by 1α, 25-(OH)2 VitD3 inducing rabbit bone marrow cells. Three indicators-TRAP staining, TRAP enzyme activity detecting and the number and area of bone resorption pits were adapted to detect the effect of Sargentodoxae caulis on the activity of osteoclasts. Culturing MC3T3-E1 Subclong 14 cells and detecting the effect of S. caulis on differentiation and proliferation of them by MTT and detecting the alkaline phosphatase in cells. The results show that all of the low, middle and high doses of water and alcohol extracts of S. caulis have significant inhibition on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption ability in a dose-dependent manner. The low and middle doses of water and alcohol extracts of S. caulis can stimulate differentiation and proliferation of MC3T3-ElSubclone 14 cells, which indicates S. caulis can prevent osteoporosis and the function could be achieved by inhibiting osteoclast activity and promoting the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts.
Animals ; Bone Resorption ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Mice ; Osteoclasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo explore the current application and features of Aconite prescriptions with incompatible herbs in grade A class three hospitals in east China and central China through a clinical study and comparative analysis.

METHODClinical prescriptions containing Aconite with incompatible herbs were collected. Association rules were utilized to analyze the compatible features of these herbs.

RESULTThis analysis found that the frequently used incompatible herba; pairs are Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata-Pinelliae Rhizoma, with the support rate of 44.45%, occupying nearly half of the surveyed prescriptions; Pinelliae Rhizoma is the most frequently used herb in the two areas, with support rate up to 76.24%. Among the top 10 herbal pairs in the support rate, except for Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Pinelliae Rhizoma, the top 10 herbs in Central China were mostly for warming the middle jiao and tonifying qi, such as Zingiberis Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Codonopsis Radix; Whereas those in east China were mostly for activating and nourishing blood, such as Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Among the top 10 herbal pairs in the support rate, except for Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata-Pinelliae Rhizoma, the core herbal pairs applied in central China were mainly for resolving phlegm and warming the middle jiao, such as Pinelliae Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma-Zingiberis Rhizoma; Whereas those in east China were principally for activating blood and tonifying qi, like Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Pinelliae Rhizoma. Among the core herbal groups in the two areas, the most frequently used herbal groups in the two areas are Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Pinelliae Rhizoma with the support rate of 59.73%, accounting for the highest proportion among all of herbal groups.

CONCLUSIONThere are the combined clinical application of Aconite with incompatible herbs, mostly with Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata-Pinelliae Rhizoma, but with differences in the combined application in east China and central China.

Aconitum ; chemistry ; Drug Incompatibility ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Pinellia ; chemistry ; Sophora ; chemistry

Current Hui prescriptions are mostly recorded in the Arabic language. Their fussy and inconsistent names (Arabic names) result in the restriction in the clinical application of Hui prescriptions. Having collected and screened out 101 Hui prescriptions for stroke, the author further studied some of their names in literatures, in order to facilitate clinical application of these prescriptions (i. e. unification of their Arabic and Chinese names, and textual research of identical drugs with different Arabic names). This lays a foundation for the clinical application of Hui prescriptions and the analysis on compatibility regulatory, and provides scientific basis for studies on new Hui medicines.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Arabic ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Stroke ; drug therapy