Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy are the important therapeutic methods for rectal cancer.Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy play a crutial role in rectal cancer treatment.New chemotherapy drugs and targeted therapy drugs could further improve the therapeutic effect of rectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of astilbin on expression of CTLA-4 in activated T cells of mouse heart transplantation model with acute rejection.Methods Cardiomyocytes of BALB/ c mouse and spleen cells of C57BL/6 mouse were separated.The cardiomyocytes(2?10~5/ml)as irri- tation cells and spleen cells(1?10~6/ml)as responsers were mixed and cultured.The model of mouse heart transplantation with acute rejection in vitro was established.Three groups were set up:control group,Astilbin(15/?g/ml) group,Astilbin+anti-CTLA-4 mAb 9H10 (30?g/ml)group.Apoptosis of T cells was observed by TUNEL.The expression of CTLA-4 in activated T cells was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results Apoptosis indexes of activated T cells in Astilbin group were sig- nificantly higher than those in the control group(73.4%?12.5% vs 35.1%?9.2%,P＜0.01). The expression of CTLA-4 in Astilbin group was significantly higher than control group(P＜0.01), but there was no apparently difference between control group and Astilbin+CTLA-4 mAb group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Astilbin induces apoptosis of activated T cells in heart transplantation,which may be partially related to its enhanced expression of CTLA-4.

Objective To examine the effect of tetraethylammonium (TEA, K~+ channel blocker) on pancreatic ?-cell apoptosis and explore the mechanism. Methods Mouse ? cells (NIT cells) were exposed to streptozotocin(STZ) to induce apoptosis, and TEA of different concentrations were applied along with STZ to prevent efflux of intracellular K~+. Cells were stained with annexin V, PI and rhodamine 123. Flow cytometer (FCM) was used to determine the percent of apoptotic or viable cells and the change of mitochondrial membrane potential. Culture media was collected to quantify the content of NO and ROS produced by NIT-cells. Cells were collected for detecting the activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD) in cells lysates. Results STZ induced apoptosis of NIT cells significantly (P

Purpose To study the expression of HK2 in human prostate cancer (PCa) tissues and its effect on malignant phenotype of prostate cancer cells.Methods HK2 expression in PCa tissues was determined by microarray database and immunohistochemical staining.Subsequently,the change of cellular phenotype was detected by glycometabolism kit,CCK-8 kit,and flow cytometry after HK2 knockdown.Results HK2 expression was elevated followed by prostate cancer development.HK2 depletion inhibited cellular proliferation and aerobic glycolysis,and increased the ratio of early apoptosis.Conclusion HK2 expression increases in the process of PCa malignant progression.It plays a critical role in cellular proliferation,glycometabolism,and apoptosis,the mechanism of which needs further exploration.

Objective To explore the influence of resistive respiratory training for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) on rehabilitation effect.Methods According to the digital table,68 COPD patients were randomly divided into the observation group and control group,34 cases each group.The observation group were taken respiratory muscle training under the supervision of rehabilitation nurses for 8 weeks,and the respir-atory muscle training including shrinkage lip diaphragm breathing training and abdominal muscle resistance training. Before and after the abdominal muscle resistance training and training were given 1 h double nasal oxygen tube contin-uous low flow oxygen inhalation.The control group were taken pursed lips abdominal breathing training.In the two groups before treatment and 8 weeks after, the blood gas analysis ( PaO2 , PaCO2 ) , pulmonary function test ( FEV1 , FEV1/FVC%) and respiratory muscle function( MIP,MEP) were detected.Results After treatment,blood gas anal-ysis in the two groups comparison(tPaO2 =2.95,tPaCO2 =2.07),pulmonary function(tFEV1 =2.38,tFEV1/FVC%=2.04) and respiratory muscle physiology index(tMIP =6.40,tMEP =4.04),the differences were statistically (all P<0.05).In the observed group before and after treatment,blood gas analysis(tPaO2 =19.23,tPaCO2 =3.05),pulmonary function(tFEV1 =2.67,tFEV1/FVC%=4.19)and respiratory muscle physiology index(tMIP=9.09,tMEP=9.67) were compared,the differences were statistically(all P<0.01).Conclusion Respiratory mus-cle resistance training can improve COPD patients with respiratory muscle strength and endurance,and it has the cura-tive effect to improve pulmonary function.

Objective To assess cognitive impairment of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease(PD)of different clinical subgroups. Methods The cluster analysis approach was used to classify PD patients on the basis of their clinical features, and then compare their cognitive function according their Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)score. Results One-hundred and six patients were divided into 5 groups by means of cluster analysis:A. young-onset(n = 35), B. rapid disease progression(n = 6); C. tremor dominant(n = 36), D. haplo-non-tremor dominant(n =18),E. non-tremor dominant with depression(n = 11). The MoCA score and proportion of abnormal scores differed among the 5 groups significantly,especially between the subgroup E(19.00 ±5.47)and the subgroup A(23. 66 ± 3.51)(P ＜ 0. 05), the former was more seriously impaired in clock drawing task(1.73 ± 1. 01 vs.2. 66 ±0. 59 ,t = -2. 904,P =0. 013), alertness(0. 55 ±0. 52 vs. 0. 91 ±0. 28 ,t = -2. 241 ,P =0. 045),semantic fluency(0. 64 ±0. 51 vs. 0. 97 ±0. 17 ,t = -3. 429,P =0. 001)and orientation domains than the latter(4. 91 ± 1.38 vs. 5.80±0.47,t = -3.321,P =0.020). Conclusions The cognitive impairment in PD patients are common as well as heterogeneous.

Objective To compare the ability of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in screening cognitive impairment in early stage of Parkinscn disease (PD). Methods The cognitive function of 101 patients with Parkinson disease (Hohen-Yahr stage 1-3) was assessed with MMSE. Ninety-six patients defined as having a normal age- and education-adjusted MMSE score were assessed subsequently with MoCA. The 96 patients were divided into two groups according to cut-off points of 26 of MoCA. The performance of cognitive domain was compared between PD-MCI group (MoCA <26) and control group (MoCA≥26). Results Mean MMSE and MoCA scores (standard deviation) were 27.17 (2.69) and 22.60(4.42) , respectively. 75% of the patients with normal MMSE scores had cognitive impairment according to their MoCA score. The PD-MCI group had lower scores in numerous cognitive domains (visuospatial and executive abilities, naming, attention,language, ab-straction, delayed memory) compared with control group (PD-MCI group: 3.11±1.40,2.56±0.69,5.07±1.05, 1.69±0.85,1.08±0.84, 1.08±1.31 ;Control group:4.75±0.61,2.92±0.28,5.88±0.45,2.46±0.66, 1.92±0.28,3.50±0.78, P<0.05). Predictors of cognitive impairment on the MoCA using univariate analyses were gender, age, education, Hoehn-Yabr stage, Unified Parkinscn Disease Rating Scale, depression severity (HAMD) and hallucination (r was-0.205,-0.209,0.263,-0.352,-0.225,-0.293 and-0.218, respectively). Condusions The MoCA is a more sensitive screening than the MMSE for cognitive impairment in early stage of PD.

Objective To develop a real-time electronic nursing records quality control system based on No.1 Military Medical Project to solve the existing problems in range,representativeness of detection results,information feedback,information storage and etc.Methods An integrated platform was implemented for information acquisition,integration and display on the bases of No.1 Military Medical Project as well as the interfaces with information management systems for electronic nursing records,clinical laboratory examination,medical examination,imaging and etc,which had the functions of auto monitoring of timeliness and logic of electronic nursing records,manual quality control of the connotation as well as the feedback,statistics and analysis on the problems.Results The system behaved well in stability,compatibility,and could be used for real-time and dynamic control of electronic nursing records,timely information feedback and statistical analysis.Conclusion The system contributes to the quality control of electronic nursing records,and is of great significance for its enhancement.

AIM: To find the evidence of electrophysi ol ogic mechanisms associated with average spectrum of electrophysiological cochleo neural activity (ASECA), a measure of spontaneous auditory nerve activity altera tions. METHODS: The long-term salicylate treatment was used to establis h the available animal model of tinnitus, the ASECA was monitored, and the effec ts of various presented ipsilateral acoustic were investigated. RESULTS: (1) In the first treatment, ASECA decreased acutely dur ing several hours after salicylate administration. After several days (1 week an d 2 weeks) this decrease was reduced. (2) Over weeks of salicylate administratio n, the level of ASECA increased progressively, but at the end of treatment, acou stic tuning of ASECA showed a partially decreased sensitivity. (3) In control an imals, delivery of an ipsilateral noise reproduced the increase in the level of ASECA that was similar to the result observed in long-term salicylate-treated an imals. The noise (the white noise was 55-60 dB SPL) was of moderate level and it slightly elevated CAP thresholds at higher frequencies. CONCLUSION: In the long-term salicylate-treated animals, the ASE CA-1 kHz increased reflects strongly increased synchronized activity in the audi tory nerve.