Objective: To explore the characteristics of graduate students' mental deference style. Methods:1960 graduate students and 3281 college students were assessed with DSQ. Results:The score of graduate students on mature deference style were higher than immature and middle style (3.88?1.02/4.14?1.0,5.68?1.17/5.76?1.06,4.41?0.77/4.58?0.69). The mean score of female graduate students' immature style were higher than male (3.97?0.89/3.85?1.07,t=2.62,P

OBJECTIVE Through detecting hepatitis B virus markers and hepatitis B virus DNA,to probe into the significance of HBV-DNA detection in HBsAg negative blood donors for blood transfusion safety.METHODS ELISA was used for detecting hepatitis B virus markers,and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR assay was introduced for measuring HBV-DNA.RESULTS Totally 1 698 samples from HBsAg negative blood donors were examined,the positive rate of HBV-DNA was 2.71%.The rate of the HBsAb positive and HBcAb positive group,the HBsAb positive,HBeAb positive and HBcAb positive group,the HBcAb positive group,the HBeAb positive and HBcAb positive group,the HBsAb positive group and the all hepatitis B virus markers negative group were 5.71%,3.60%,6.60%,2.77%,38.48% and 46.94%,respectively.The positive rate of HBV-DNA in these groups were 7.22%,8.20%,4.46%,8.51%,1.21% and 2.26%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS It′s very important for blood transfusion safety to detect HBV-DNA in HBsAg negative blood donors.The more economic,reasonable and effective detecting method should be developed for blood transfusion safety.

The third generation of aromatase inhibitors (AI) play an important role in the adjuvant treatment of hormonal positive postmenopausal breast cancer. Compared with tamoxifen, either upfront or sequential using of Al can both significantly improve the outcome of breast cancer patients. However, there is a continuous debate of sequence or upfront usage of Al in clinical applications. With the publication result of BIG 1-98 clinical trial and interpretation of the data, we can further recognize and optimize the usage of Al in breast cancer treatment.

Breast cancer ranks among the most prevalent malignancies in women. Specific aspects of both breast cancer cells and the bone microenvironment contribute to the development of bone metastases. Breast cancers express chemokine receptors, integrins, cadherins, and bone-resorbing and bone-forming factors that contribute to the successful and preferential spread of tumor from breast to bone. Bone is rich in growth factors and cell types that make it a favorable environment for breast cancer cell growth. Once breast cancer cells enter the bone, breast cancer cells can secrete factors that act on bone cells and other cells within the bone, causing them to secrete factors that act on adjacent cancer cells. The steps in the metastatic cascade and the vicious cycle within bone offer unique targets for adjuvant treatments to treat and cure bone metastasis.

Objective To investigate the effect of isoflurane preconditioning on Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression and the signaling pathway of nitric oxide against brain ischemia-reperfusion(I/R).Methods Seventy-five male gerbils were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=15):SHAM,I/R,ISO,AG+ISO and AG group.Global cerebral I/R was produced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries for 5 minutes and confirmed by isoelectric potential on EEG.In ISO group,the animals inhaled 1.2%-1.5% isoflurane for 30 minutes followed by 30 minutes wash-out period before I/R.In AG+ISO group,30 minutes after aminoguanidine,200 mg/kg i.p.isoflurane was inhaled as ISO group,and aminoguanidine was injected 30 min before I/R in AG group.After 24 hours,the forebrains were collected,and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.Results Bcl-2 mRNA expression in ISO group(1.22±0.12) was significantly higher than that in sham(0.83±0.16),I/R(0.83±0.11) and AG+ISO group(0.82±0.12)(P<0.05).Bax mRNA expression in I/R and AG group was significantly higher than that in sham group(P<0.05),and the expression in ISO group was higher than that in AG+ISO group.Conclusion Nitric oxide is involved in the signaling pathway of isoflurane preconditioning and has the protection effect on gerbil brain against I/R.

Objective To investigate the effect of extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)pathway OH nitriC oxide(NO)release by human umbilical vein endothelial cell(HUVEC)induced by placental growth factor-1(PLGF-1).Methods During January to April 2006,50 samples of umbilical vein blood were collected from newborns delivered by cesarean section due to intrauterine distress and abnormal fetal position.HUVEC were primarily cultured by trypsin digestion.Then the following procedures were performed:(1)Cells were identified using the morphology andⅧfactor immunohistochemistry methods if the culture WaS satisfactory.(2)Cells were collected,and fms.1ike tyrosin kinase(Fit-1)protein and its mRNA expression were detected with immunoprints and RT-PCR methods.(3)The protein wag extractedafter cells were treated with PLGF-1(cells were collected before the treatment and 2.5,5.10,20 min after the treatment).The protein levels of ERK were determined by immunoprints.(4)The cells were cultured witll serum-free culture medim containing PLGF-1 only(culture media were collected 20,40,160,360.480.720 and 1440 rain after the treatment).The quantity of NO was detected with nitrate reductase metllod(5)The ceHs were cultured with serum.free culture medium containing PI)98059,the inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)/MEK for 60 min Then the cells were cultured continuously with the serum-free culture medium containing PLGF-1 for 60 mira The culture media were coilected.The quantity of NO was detected by nitrate reductase method.The samples were divided into treatment group and control group.Control group was exactly the satne in treatment time,culture condition,and time to colleet the cells as the treatment group.except that it WaS not treated with PLGF-l or PD 98059.Resuits (1)By morphology and Ⅷ factor inununohistochemistry the cultured cells were identified to be HUVEC.(2)Fit-1mRNA and protein were expressed in HUVEC.(3)Expression of ERK protein started to increaSe at 2.5 min after treatment of HUVEC with PLGF-1,reaching the peak at 5 min,and decreased at 10 min.(4)Incomparison with the control group.NO started to increase at 20 rain after treatment of HUVEC with PLGF-lat 480 min(15.82±0.69)μmol/L Comparison between the two groups showed a significant difference (P<0.05).(5)ReleaSe of NO from the cells treated with PD98059 for 1 hour and PLGF WaS significantly inhibited,compared with the ceils treated with PLGF-1 only.Conclusion ERK pathways play an important role in N0 release bv HUVEC induced by PLGF.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST) ,a kind of rare tumor,takes 1%～3% of all tumors in digestive tract,but are the most common in mesenehymal neoplasm.At present,the primal treatment of GIST is surgical operation,standard and rationality of surgery is the significant fatter that affects its curative effect.While imatinib is the main therapeutic tool for GIST that can' t benn resected or recurrence after operation.There is no definite circumscription between optimum and malignancy,there are many factors that influence the prognosis of GIST.We commonly apply Fletcher grading to evaluate the risk of GIST.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of GSS pedicle screw system and interbody autogenous iliac bone graft fusion in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.Methods Twenty-one lumbar spondylolisthesis patients was treated by GSS pedicle screw system and interbody autogenous iliac bone graft fusion.Followed up and analyzed the clinical therapeutic efficacy,rate of detachment and reduction,interbody fusion and intervertebral height change.Results Postoperative rate of detachment and reduction had significant difference compared with preoperative [(6.41 ± 6.90)％ vs.(36.75 ± 7.11)％,(86.75 ± 24.40)％ vs.0](q =19.60,19.72,P＜ 0.01).Final follow-up rate of detachment and reduction had no significant difference compared with postoperative (q =0.70,0.96,P ＞ 0.05).Postoperative intervertebral height had significant difference compared with preoperative[L4-5:(7.6 ± 1.3) mm vs.(5.2 ± 0.8) mm; L5S1:(8.4 ± 2.2) mm vs.(6.5 ± 1.5) mm] (q =6.64,3.83,P ＜ 0.01).Final follow-up intervertebral height had no significant difference compared with postoperative (q =2.48,2.42,P ＞ 0.05).All patients were bony fusion,rate of fusion was 100.00％(21/21).In accordance with the Japan institute of orthopaedics (JOA) low back pain surgery standards,the scores of 6 months,1 year,2 years significant increased compared with preoperative [(20.50 ± 3.83),(23.58 ± 3.60),(24.91 ± 2.90) scores vs.(9.67 ± 4.45) scores] (F =71.92,q =13.28,17.06,18.69,P ＜ 0.01).No complication of internal fixation for fracture or looseness.Conclusions The clinical effect of GSS pedicle screw system and interbody autogenous iliac bone graft fusion in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis is good.It has advantages of bone graft area and bone mass,rate of fusion.It is one of better methods in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.

ABCG2 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family.The overexpression of ABCG2 is identified as one of the important mechanisms that limiting cellular accumulation of various compounds.With regard to its broad substrate spectrum including various anticancer drugs and environmental carcinogens,the function of ABCG2 is associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) and tumor development.ABCG2 as a target site to reverse MDR has been widely concered.

Objective　The conditional hierarchical clustering for 1-dimensional(1-d) ordinal data was discussed.Methods　Because the individuals are ordered in 1-d,the conditional matrix was constructed with all elements in the second-diagonal are 1 and the others are 0.Distance matrix of individuals defined by some particular definition.Then the conditional-distance matrix was made for the hierarchical clustering by connecting the conditional matrix and distance matrix.This method was called 1-dimentsional conditional hierarchical clustering.An example was illustrated by this method and a Monte Carol study showed that method was feasible and robust.Results　Compared with the least-squares partition,this method is easy to understand,easy to practice and easy to compute.It also can give us a stable result.Conclusion　Because of the austere theory,the simple thought and the convenient application,it's a good method for the 1-d ordinal data.