Urinary tract infections remain the most frequent infection in patients with either traumatic or nontraumatic spinal cord inju-ry. The urinary tract infections are closely related to impaired bladder storage, voiding dysfunction, and use of indwelling catheters after spi-nal cord injury. Repeated urinary tract infections can cause upper urinary tract deterioration, and related chronic or repeated exposure to the antibiotics used to treat urinary tract infections increases the risk of multidrug-resistant bacteria colonization. Therefore, it is important to de-termine appropriate urinary tract infections treatment in spinal cord injury patients who are admitted to rehabilitation hospitals. The limita-tions of the usual measures in prevention of urinary tract infections in this population have led the way to explore more innovative modali-ties and approaches. We reviewed the researches of urinary tract infections on spinal cord injury. It is presented to provide reference for clini-cal diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To study the mutations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa oprD gene in Imipenem-resistant clinical isolates. Methods Random amplified polymorphic DNA typing(RAPD) was carried out to analyse the homology in 10 Imipenem-resistant clinical isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa oprD gene in 10 Imipenem-resistant clinical isolates were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Results Ten Imipenem-resistant clinical isolates were divided into four different clones which can not produce metallo ?-lactamase. As compared with sequence X63152, oprD gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa varied greatly. The aberration rates exceed 50%. There were multiple point mutations within 276～387 bp coding region of 30, 11, 9, 20, 31 strains. Due to the mutations of 308 bp G→C and 344 bp C→A, threonine and diaminocaproic acid were replaced by serine and threonine respectively. The DNA deletion of 393～412 bp in oprD gene contributes to the frame shift mutation in the following nucleotide sequence. The deletion of 264～273 bp in the coding region of oprD gene in 13 and 21 clone strains leads to frame shift mutations forming terminal codon TAA(319～321 bp).Base substitutions and multiple point mutations were obvious in the coding regions of 1 and 22 clone strains. Their aberration rates were 54.03% and 74.89% respectively. Conclusions The mutations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa oprD gene in Imipenem-resistant clinical isolates are various.

AIM:To investigate the findings of the eyes which were examined preoperatively by three mirror contact lens before the implantation of implantable collamer lens ( ICL) . To analysis the retinal pathological changes and to explore the clinical analysis of early diagnosis and treatment in retinopathy on fundus examination before operation.
METHODS:The retrospective case series study included 127 eyes of 64 patients who underwent phakic intraocular lens implantation were received the fundus examination by three mirror from April 2011 to April 2012 in our hospital. The age, refractive diopter, the findings of Goldmann three mirror examination and the condition of retinal photocoagulation were analysed and concluded.RESULTS:A total of 34 eyes (26. 8%) out of all 127 eyes ( 64 cases ) were found to have peripheral retinal pathological changes. Eight eyes ( 6. 3%) with retinal holes, 15 eyes(11. 8%) with retinal lattice degeneration, 5 eyes ( 3.9%) with retina cream degeneration, 3 eyes (2.4%)with retinal paving stone degeneration,2 eyes with vitreoretinal adhesion and traction, 1 eye ( 0. 8%) with retinal hemorrhage. Twenty-five cases were given retinal photocoagulation and then received the ICL implantation after 3mo. The follow - up time was 1a. No retinal detachment happened.
CONCLUSION: Phakic before intraocular lens implantation for fundus examination by three mirror is contributed to find the peripheral retinal pathological changes and abnormity. And make the appropriate treatment before operation for improving the security of operation, it can also give help to the postoperative follow-up of the fundus of these patients.

Apoptosis ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology

Objective To evaluate the value of Multi-slice spiral CT angiography for spinal cord vessels.Methods 11 adult subjects with suspected of myelopathy were performed with Multi-slice spiral CT angiography,An iodine contrast agent was injected at 3.5 ml/s,for total 100 ml.The parameters were axial 16 slice mode,0.625 mm slice thickness,0.8 s rotation,delay time depending on smartprep (15—25 s), multi-phase scan.The coronal and sagittal MPR and SSD were generated on a workstation compared with spinal digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to analyze normal or abnormal spinal cord vessels.Results Normal findings at spinal CTA and digital subtraction angiography in six adult normal subjects and spinal cord vascular malformations( 1 intradural extramedullary AVF,4 dural AVFs) in five cases,Recognizable intradural vessels corresponding to anterior median (midline) veins and/or anterior spinal arteries were show in six adult normal subjects.Abnormal intradural vessels were detected in all five spinal cord vascular malformation with CT angiography ,in comparison with digital subtraction angiography these vessels were primarily enlarged veins of the coronal venous plexus on the cord surface,radiculomedullary-dural arteries could not be clearly shown in four dural AVF,only one anterior spinal artery was detected in one patient with intradural medullary AVF,which direct shunt between anterior spinal artery and perimedullary vein with tortuous draining vessel.Conclusion Multi-slice CT angiography is able to visualize the normal or abnormal spinal cord vessels.It could be used as a noninvasive method to screen the spinal cord vascular disease.

AIM: To study the methodology of hepatic cytochromes P450 in Wistar rats. METHODS: After the Wistar rats were administered with gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin once daily for 7 days,and liver microsome was distilled by different velocity centrifugation. The Lowry method was used to measure the concentration of protein in liver microsome,and the activities of gatifloxacin in hepatic microsomal enzymes (CYP450) of rats were studied by spectrophotometer. RESULTS: The linearity range of ox blood serum albumin standard curve was 25-250 mg?L -1 with the detection limits 25 mg?L -1 and correlation coefficient 0.9988 . The contents of cytochromes P450 and cytochromes b5 and the activity of NADPH-cytochrome C reductase indicated that ultraviolet spectrophotometer method was sensitive. The linearity range of formaldehyde standard curve,which was used to measure the activities of aminopyrine-N-demethylase and erytheomycin-N-demethylase was 0.05 - 0.5 mmol?L -1 with the detection limits 0.05 mmol?L -1 and correlation coefficient 0.9998 . The linearity range of resorufin standard curve,which was used to measure the activity of Coumarin 7-hydroxylation was 1-8 ?mol?L -1 with the detection limits 1 ?mol?L -1 and correlation coefficient 0.9998 . CONCLUSION: The methods of measuring the contents and activities of the six hepatic microsomal enzymes are sensitive and credible in Wistar rats by ultraviolet and fluorescence spectrophotometer.

Objective To assess the effects of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) on the striatum (ST) in normal cynomolgus monkeys using 99Tcm-TRODAT-1 imaging.Methods A total of six healthy female cynomolgus monkeys were included in this study.Three of them were fed with normal food (control group),and the other three were given oral administration of 7,8-DHF in addition to normal food (experimental group).The SPECT/CT imaging was performed at different time after 99Tcm-TRODAT-1 injection.The ROI of ST was drawn on images of 3 consecutive transverse slices that could be visualized best.The cerebellum (CB) was taken as the background reference area.The radioactivity uptake ratios of ST/CB at 1,3,4 and 5 h were calculated respectively.Paired-t test was used to analyze the data.Results ST radioactive uptake ratios showed continuing increase on the delay images.ST/CB uptake ratios of the control group at 1,3,4 and 5 h were 1.43±0.04,1.82±0.06,2.04±0.12,2.42±0.23,respectively,and those of the experimental group were 1.35±0.08,2.40±0.09,2.74±0.13 and 3.25±0.15 respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups at 1 h (t =2.57,P＞0.05),while ST/CB uptake ratios of the experimental group at 3,4 and 5 h were significantly higher (t values:2.77,2.87 and 2.92,all P＜0.05).Conclusion 99Tcm-TRODAT-1 SPECT/CT imaging can be used to assess the DAT activation effect by 7,8-DHF on ST of cynomolgus monkeys.

BACKGROUND:Electromagnetic fields can cause changes of the body,especially the nervous system.Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields(PEMFs)on neural stem cells has been detected.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of prenatal pulsed electromagnetic fields(PPEMFs)on neural stem cell proliferation and nestin protein expression in the hippocampus of rat offspdng.METHODS:Sprague Dawley female rats weighing 240-260 g were included and randomly divided into two groups:control and PPEMFs.Rats from the control group were given no interventions.Rats from the PPEMFs group were given PEMFs stress at gestational days 14-20.Each stress was given three times daily for 10 minutes.The male and female offspring rats were sacrificed at 1 month of age and their brains were sectioned to determine the expression of nestin protein and Brdu-positive cells in the hippocampus by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:The expression of nestin-and Brdu-positive cells in the hippocampus of female and male PEMFS offspring were significantly higher compared with the control group(P<0.001),and there was a significant difference between female and male offspring(P<0.001).The nestin-and Brdu-positive cells in female offspring outnumbered those in male offspring(P<0.001);however,there was no significant difference between female and male offspring in the control group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:PPEMFs can increase the number and proliferative capability of the neural stem cells in offspring.It may be a pdmary stage of the cascade reaction of the body to the brain damage caused by PPEMFs stress.

BACKGROUND: There is no study on starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as guided tissue regeneration membranes. The guided tissue regeneration membrane with porous structure were prepared, which combined with the advantages of natural polymer and synthetic polymer. OBJECTIVE: To research the effects of the preparation conditions on the properties of starch/PVA membranes. METHODS: The porous membranes of guiding tissue regeneration were prepared mainly by starch and PVA through solution mixing, casting, freezing and drying. The effects of the mass ratio of PVA and starch, solution concentration, and pre-freezing temperature on the properties of the membrane were researched. The surface morphology, tensile strength, porous ratio, water absorbance and cell cytotoxicity were characterized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The aperture of the membrane was 1-50 μm, the porosity was 60%-70%, and the tensile strength was 12-26 MPa. And this membrane had the excellent biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. The pores in the surface were evenly distributed with the solution concentration of 5% and the pre-freezing temperature of -30℃. The more content of starch was, and the larger of the aperture was.

Objective To explore the differences in the expression of inhibin(INH)receptors and activin (ACT)receptors in the follicular/luteinic phase in normal human ovaries and their relationship with female endocrine hormone levels.Methods Real time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of inhibin receptors(INHR)genes,activin receptors(ACTR)genes.Serum estradiol(E2),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),INHB,ACTA levels were determined by a solid quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique(Sandwich ELISA)in 21 women during follicular phase and another 21 women during luteinic phase,the correlations between each gene and each hormone were analyzed.Results(1)ACT type Ⅰ and Ⅱ receptors genes(ACTR Ⅰ A,ACTR Ⅰ B,ACTRⅡA,ACTR Ⅱ B)and INH receptor β-glycan genes were expressed higher in the follicular phase than in the luteinic phase:ACTR Ⅰ A(0.50±0.17 vs 0.36±0.18;P＜0.05),ACTR Ⅰ B(0.050±0.019 vs0.036±0.020;P＜0.05),ACTRⅡ A(0.10±0.04 vs 0.07±0.04;P＜0.05),ACTR Ⅱ B(0.28±0.10vs 0.19±0.11;P＜0.05),β-glycan(0.26±0.10 vs 0.17±0.09;P＜0.01).(2)The intensities of ACTR I A,ACTR Ⅱ A,β-glycan immunostaining in human normal ovaries in the follicular phase were significantly stronger compared to those in luteinic phase.In the follicular phase β-glycan expression was positively correlated with serum E2,FSH,LH,INHB levels.The correlation coefficient was 0.53(P＜0.05).0.74(P＜0.01),0.85(P＜0.01)and 0.76(P＜0.01)respectively.Conclusion In normal human ovary in the follicular phase INH and ACT bind their receptors and down-regulate or up-regulate FSH,thus influencing the follicular development.