Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) are heterogeneous autoimmune antibodies, which target at a group of antigens expressed in endothelial cells. In 1971, AECA was reported by Lindquist and Osterland for the first time. Since then, an increasing number of researches have showed that AECA exists and plays potential pathogenic role in the immune or inlfammation-related diseases, especially in systemic vasculitis. AECA may be a useful sera marker for the diagnosis and prognosis judgment of related autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the relationship between AECA and systemic vasculitis.

Microglia can be activated immediately after acute cerebral ischemia and play a role of double-edged sword of nerve repair and neurotoxicity.Studies in recent years have suggested that this dual role of microglia can be achieved by a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signal transduction pathway.Therefore,reasonable regulation of TLR2 expression of microglia may improve the therapeutic effect of cerebral ischemia to a certain extent.This article reviews the mechanisms of TLR2 in cerebral ischemia and the possible interventions.

ObjectiveUsing the single cell fluid to establish a kind of practical experimental method,to detect the HER-2 gene and protein of breast cancer,and to provide reliable basis for pathology diagnosis.MethodsThe single cell fluid of breast cancer was preparaed by Medimachine system.Sucking a little of the single cell fluid spreaded on the slide and to be examined by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to HER-2 and fluorescence in situ hybridization.ResultsThe cell membrane of breast cancer was positive for HER-2 by immunohistochemistry according to American society of clinical oncology of American pathologists guideline recommendations for HER-2 testing in breast cancer and the HER-2 gene of the single cell amplified obviously by fluorescence in situ hybridization which the ratio of the average of HER-2 and the average of CEP17 exceeded 2.2.ConclusionThe single cell fluid could be used as positive control when we detected the HER-2 gene or protein of breast cancer,which guaranteed the correction of the results of the sample to be detected.

Trauma and infection may cause a stress reaction to the body,which leads to the metabolic imbalance of organs and tissues,but some treatment methods can effectively reduce the negative effects of undesirable stress on body metabolism.This article focuses on the effects of trauma and infection stress on the protein metabolism,furthermore,introduces some related treatment methods.

Objective To investigate the causes of hearing loss for people over 60 years old. Methods People more than 60 years old in 14 provinces, 22 districts were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire, and a hearing test was also done for every subject. Results Among all the subjects, the etiological factors of hearing loss were otitis media (10.5%), hereditary deafness (2.9%), noise-induced hearing loss (3%), ototoxic deafness (6.4%), traumatic deafness (2%), presbycusis (33.8%), sudden deafness (1%) and other reasons (36.2%), respec-tively, with 11.3%unknown. Conclusion Presbycusis is the main reason of hearing loss for old people, and otitis media is the second. The cause of hearing loss is different with ages, districts, and whether in rural areas.

In recent years,researchers have carried out a lot of studies about endogenous and exogenous protective mechanisms of ischemic brain injury and have found that cerebral ischemia can stimulate cell proliferation and neurogenesis.This article reviews the cerebral ischemia induced neural stem cell proliferation,the protection mechanisms of directional migration and differentiation,as well as the promoting effects of the application of exogenous factors on neurogenesis after ischemia.

Heart failure is a serious and terminal stage of various cardiovascular diseases,is one of the most important heart diseases,and it also the most common reason for hospitalization.In recent years,studies on new markers in the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of heart failure have made great progress,such as B-type brain natriuretic peptide can partially reflect hemodynamic imbalance,troponin can indicate cardiomyocyte injury,soluble ST2 and galectin-3 indicate myocardium remodeling and fibrosis,C-reactive protein,cystatin C and procalcitonin,and copeptin have significant prognostic value for outcomes,microRNA in the regulation of gene expression influence heart failure.

Objective To properly choose and employ an air disinfect-purifying machine in ICU. Method This paper analyses the principle of air disinfect-purifying machine and put forward some attention-deserved problems such as the value of CADR in clinical application. Conclusion. The disinfect-purifying machine with different CADR value should be chosen according to the area of air disinfect-purifying district, thus can really bring the machine into full play.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical rational use and management of anti-HIV drugs,and to provide ref-erence basis for occupational exposure to develop free drug policy. METHODS:Using retrospective study method,according to DDD calculation method recommended by WHO,consumption sum,DDDs,DDC and B/A of anti-HIV drugs in our center during 2011-2014 were analyzed and evaluated. RESULTS:The consumption sum of anti-HIV drugs increased firstly and decreased later, increasing from 512112 yuan in 2011 to 650854 yuan in 2012,decreasing to 496473 yuan in 2014. DDDs of anti-HIV drugs in our center during 2011-2014 decreased from 35932 in 2011,to 16363 in 2014,showing decreasing tendency. The consumption sum of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors during 2012-2014 took up the first place,and DDDs of nucleotide reverse tran-scriptase inhibitors took up the first place in 2011,2013,2014. DDDs of Zidovudine tablets took up the first place in 2013,2014, and that of Tangcao tablets took up top 3 places during 2011-2014. DDC of Tenofour disoproxil fumarate tablets,Zidovudine and la-mivudine tablets,Emtricitabine and tenofovir tablets,Lopinavir and ritonavir tablets were in high level,being more than 46 yuan. DDC of Zidovudine tablets,Stavadine tablets and Nevirapine tablets were in low level,being lower than 6 yuan. B/A of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets,Stavudine tablets and Efavirenz tablets ranged 0.5-1.5 in 4 years and B/A of Tangcao tablets was equal to 1,showing good synchronism of social and economical benefits. CONCLUSIONS:Clinical application of anti-HIV drugs in our center is rational basically,and the use of drug is basically consistent with the occupational exposure prevention. The use of TCM preparation is basically in line with the requirements of drug use in the clinic.

Objective To analyse the clinical characteristics of drug-fever caused by ?-lactams antibiotics and provide the basic information for diagnosis of patients with drug-fever,and profile the drug fever due to antimicrobil agent.Methods In this study,64 hospitalized cases between 2000 and 2006 were enrolled who had drug-fever during antiinfective treatment.Results Most medications can cause fever,so as ?-lactams Antibiotics,with or without concomitant clinical manifestations.The fever could arise from the drug's pharmacologic action,its effects on thermoregulation,a local complication following parenteral administration,or an idiosyncratic response.Patients with drug-fever caused by ?-lactams,their temperature droped to normal level while ?-lactams discontinued for about 24h~48h,and without any linger effect.Conclusions Drug-fever is mainly caused by ?-lactams antibiotics like piperacillin sodium.It is important that doctors should bear the drug-fever in mind to avoid misdiagnosis.