By different numbers of arteries occlusion among bilateral carotid (bCA) and bilateral vertebral arteries (bVA) of cats, effects of cerebral ischemia on the electrocardiogram, (ECG) was studied After bCA plus unilateral vertebral artery (uVA) and bCA+ bVA occlusion the duration of Q-T was prolonged from its control value of 0.21?0.04s to 0.23?0.08s and 0.25?0.1ls, and heart rate was also reduced from its contrl value of 179?33 beat/min to 173?27 beat/min and 151?39 beat/min (P

BACKGROUND: As a biochemical marker of cytoplasm, the increased activity of creatine kinase (CK) in human spermatozoa is correlated with both the residual cytoplasma and the ratio of sperm with abnormal func tion. It is a marker of mature sperm and associated with the potential of in semination. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differences of CK activity in sperm and the relative contents of sperm CK-MM and CK-BB isoenzymes between normal fertile males and infertile males, and evaluate its significance in clinical diagnosis of male infertility. DESIGN: Case-control observation. SETTING: Laboratory of Biochemistry, Family Planning Research Insti tute of Sichuan Province. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-four male infertile patients between January 1999 and October 2000 were selected from the Department of Family Planning Sciences of Sichuan Province, who had no aspermatism with their wives proved to be fertile. The average age of subjects were 31 years. Eighty subjects with the sperm count ＞ 2×1010 L-1 were taken as normal sperm group and 14 subjects with the sperm counts ＜ 2×1010 L-1 were considered as oligospermia group. Semen obtained from 27 healthy males who were normal in routine examinations and with children was taken as the healthy control group.METHODS: Semen sample collected by masturbation after abstinence of 3 to 5 days was incubated at 37 ℃ for liquefication and routinely analyzed.Total activity of CK in sperm was determined by using a kinetic spectrophotometry and the relative contents of CK isozyme was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis followed by density scanning of CK isozyme.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sperm counts, percentages of viability and motility of sperm, total CK activity and the relative contents of CK-MM and CK-BB isozyme in spermatozoa.RESULTS: A total of 94 enrolled patients and 27 normal controls were involved in the analysis of results. ①Sperm counts, percentage of viability and motility in oligospermia group ( Ⅱ + Ⅲ, WHO method) were obviously lower than those in the healthy control group, and those in the normal sperm group, except the sperm counts, were remarkably lower than the healthy control group [the sperm counts in healthy control group, normal sperm group and oligospermia group was (6.05 ±0.81 )×1010 L-1, (7.76±1.37)×1010 L-1 and (1.46±0.19)×1010 L-1 respectively (P ＜ 0.01). The survival rate in healthy control group, normal sperm group and oligospermia group was 85.1%,56.8% and 58.2%, P ＜ 0.01, and the sperm motility was 62.9% ,34.6% and 29.5% respectively, P ＜ 0.01].②Total activity of sperm CK in oligospermia group was significantly higher than the healthy control group [respectively (9.000±6.117) and (1.933 ±0.943) kat/108 sperm,P＜ 0.05],although that in the normal sperm group (2.800±0.862) kat/108 sperm was a little higher than the healthy control group, while there were no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).③The relative contents of sperm CK-MM isozyme in the normal sperm group and oligospermia group were obviously decreased (that in the healthy control group, normal sperm group and oligospermia group was 30.5%, 19.0% and 18.0% respectively,P ＜ 0.05), which implied a remarkable difference in sperm differentiation between healthy control group and the latter two groups.CONCLUSION: The determination of sperm CK is meaningful for the diagnosis and pathogenesis of oligospermia. More work should be done on the distribution of sperm CK-MM isozyme in different infertile population as well as its importance in the diagnosis of infertility.

A new mathematical equation characterizing the compression of pharmaceutical materials is presented. This equation presumed that the rate of change of the compressible volume of powder with respect to the pressure is proportional to the compressible volume. The new model provided a good fit to several model substances employing non-linear regression techniques. The validity of the model had been verified with experimental results of various pharmaceutical powders according to the Akaikes informatics criterion (AIC) and the sum of squared deviations (SS). The parameter of the new model might reflect quantitatively the fundamental compression behaviors of the powders. It had demonstrated that the proposed model could well predict the compaction characteristics of solid particles like the Kawakita model.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of peripheral blood parameters including immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) in monitoring the hematopoietic recovery of patients with acute myeloid leukemia aftcr receiving consolidation chemotherapy with high dose cytarabine (HDAC).Methods The peripheral blood parameters,including absolute neutrophil (ANC) and platelet (Plt) counts as well as IRF,were measured by Sysmex XE-2100 automated hematology analyzer before and after consolidation chemotherapy with HDAC in 30 patients with acute myeloid leukemia.These peripheral blood parameters were further statistically analyzed and compared.Results Following consolidation chemotherapy,the median time to recovery for ANC,Plt and IRF was (9.2±2.5) days,(11.3±3.7) days and (5.0±2.6) days,respectively.In comparison with ANC and Plt recovery,IRF showed significantly early recovery (P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,ANC raised preceding Plt recovery (P ＜ 0.05).However,the median recovery time of ANC,Plt and IRF showed little difference among these patients further subgrouped according to FAB and risk based classification (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion IRF is an early indicator for the hematopoietic recovery of patients with acute myeloid leukemia following consolidation chemotherapy with HDAC,which could provide important clinical information to evaluate therapeutic efficacy.

Objective To investigate the level of serum homocysteine(Hcy)in common chronic diseases(diabetes,hypertension, hyperlipidemia,coronary heart disease)and its clinical application value in the community elderly residents.Methods A retrospec-tive study was conducted on the common chronic disease of 1 605 patients who detected Hcy in our center from January 2015 to Oc-tober 2015.Another 117 healthy subjects served as normal control group.Hcy was detected by cyclic enzymatic method.Results The average level of Hcy in serum of patients with diabetes,hypertension,coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia was higher than that in the health examination group,and the level of Hcy was positively correlated with age(P <0.05).Conclusion The high level of serum Hcy is an important risk factor in common chronic diseases in the community elderly residents,and it should strengthen the examination of Hcy and active intervention to slow down the development of the disease.

Objective To investigate the differences between prenatal and postnatal ultrasound findings in isolated ventricular septal defects.Methods Totally 244 cases of isolated ventricular septal defect were retrospectively analyzed and followed in one year after birth.All fetus were divided into the correct group and the error group according to the postnatal results.The size and type of ventricular septal defect and ventricular shunt were assessed and analyzed statistically.Results In all of the 244 cases,correct group included 181 cases and error group included 63 cases.There was no significant difference in the type of defects between two groups (P=0.061);there were significant differences in the size of postpartum defect and the velocity of ventricular shunt between the two groups (both P＜0.05),and no significant difference of the direction of shunt between two groups (P=0.408);there were significant differences in the size of defects between the prenatal and postnatal in correct groups (P＜0.05),but the direction of shunt had no significant difference (P=0.087).Conclusion There is certain detection rate in prenatal diagnosis of isolated ventricular septal defect;anatomical characteristics of defect may affect antenatal examination results.There was significant difference between prenatal and postnatal ultrasound in the same lesion.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. So far, there has been substantial progress toward understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of CVDs. There are multiple cell signaling cascades, some of which are beneficial or compensatory and others deleterious. The balance between these pathways determines the outcome as a diseased or non-diseased state. Protein phosphorylation, which is mediated by enzymes, called protein kinases, is a major mechanism for transducing external stimuli into intracellular signals. Electively targeting of signaling pathways using protein kinase inhibitors would have a potential advantage over receptor blockers. By now, there are types of protein kinase inhibitiors available for treating several diseases. The success of kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment has strongly supported application in the treatment of CVDs. Here, we will review several kinds of protein kinases as potential targets for CVDs and some difficulty in identifying a protein kinase as a putative therapeutic target for CVDs.

Objective To investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL), demographic characteristics, and health behaviors of the Chinese elderly to find out high-risk population and behaviors. Methods Data was collected from a cross-sectional survey performed in Jiangsu, Anhui, Gansu,Qinghai, Fujian, Beijing, Jilin, Jiangxi, and Henan province. MOS SF-36 was used for HRQOL assessment, t test was used for HRQOL comparison between the elderly and the general population. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the affecting factors. Results The HRQOL among the Chinese elderly were PF ( Physical Functioning) 79 ± 21, RP ( Role-Physical ) 68 ± 40, BP ( Bodily Pain) 72 ± 23, GH ( General Health) 57±22, VT ( Vitality ) 69 ± 20, SF ( Social Functioning) 79 ± 23, RE ( Role-Emotional ) 72 ±40, M H ( Mental Health)76 ± 18, which were lower than Sichuan Norm on 7 dimensions ( P ＜ 0. 05 ; except on M H dimension) and lower than Hangzhou Norm on 5 dimensions (P ＜ 0. 05 ;except on GH, VT, and MHdimensions). The important affecting factors included physical exercise, education level, medical history of chronic disease, age, race, marriage, body mass index ( BMI ), sleeping habits, and gender. Conclusions Compared with the general population, the HRQOL in the elderly might be lower. The health policy and community heahhcare services should focus on the elderly individuals with insufficient exercise, lower education level, chronic disease history, and ethnic minority, or widows. Health education should encourage them to improve physical exercise and sleeping behavior.

Objective To evaluate immediate breast reconstruction with extended latissimus dorsi flap after mastectomy for patients of breast cancer. Methods One hundred and sixty-two women with breast cancer underwent surgery from Jan, 2000 to Dec, 2007. Masteetomy was carried out including traditional modified mastectomy in 32 cases, skin sparing mastectomy in 51 cases and nipple-areolar sparing mastectomy in 79 cases. Immediate breast reconstruction was performed with latissimus dorsi flap and surrounding fat tissue. Results Operation was successful in 161 cases. The morphology of reconstructed breasts was excellent in 91.93% cases as evaluated by patients themselves. After operation 6 cases had partial nipple necrosis, 5 cases had rhacoma of the chest, but cured conservatively. Eleven cases had seroma on the back, among them 8 cases cured by puncture and drainage. Two cases cured by erasion of the pseudomembrane and 1 case cured by exairesis of the fibrous capsule. Three cases had limited skin necrosis around the incision. One case had necrosis on part of the donor side, cured by reoperation. One case had implant necrosis necessitating removal of the implant. The patients were followed up for 7～90 months, and the 23 cases were free of tumor recurrence before they lost to follow-up. Among those followed-up cases there were bone metastasis in 2 cases, lung metastasis in 1 case and supra clavicular lymph node metastasis in one. No local recurrence was found. Conclusions Immediate breast reconstruction with extended latissimus dorsi flap after masteetomy is safe and effective, especially suitable for small and medium size breasts.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impacts of biological factors (age and sex) and family factors (socioeconomic status and parenting style) on the early lexical and intellectual development of children in a longitudinal tracking study.

METHODSA total of 38 Mandarin-speaking children aged from 18 to 24 months were surveyed using the Putonghua Chinese Communicative Development Inventory (PCDI), the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), and a self-designed Questionnaire for Parents. All of the subjects were retested using PCDI and ASQ after 6 months.

RESULTSBiological factors accounted for 65% of the variance in lexical development, 10% of which was attributed to gender, in the first survey. After six months, the contribution of age decreased to 26% and gender had no significant impact. Lexical development could positively predict the intellectual development of children. When age and gender were controlled, it accounted for 22% of the variance in intellectual development. Family socioeconomic factors had no significant impacts on lexical and intellectual development. Children's recognition of people and objects around them with guidance of parents in parenting styles could positively predict the intellectual development of children six months later, which accounted for 10% of the variance.

CONCLUSIONSBiological factors play an important role in the early lexical development of children. However, the influence decreases with the increase of age (months). Biological factors, lexical development, and parenting style have a combined influence on children's intellectual development.

Child Development ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intelligence ; Language ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Parents ; Social Class