Objective: To detect the expression and distribution of activated cytotoxic cells in types of lymphoma with tissue microarray,and provide evidences for clinical treatment and prognosis. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining by S-P technique was used for detecting the expression and distribution of perforin and granzyme B in lymphoma tissue microarray,composed of 60 samples of lymphoma tissue.10 NK/T-cell lymphoma routine sections were used for relative research,and 10 reactive hyperplasia were used for comparison. Results: In the tissue microarray,samples originated from intranode and extranode were 48 and 12,respectively;consisting of 42 B-cell lymphoma,16 T-cell lymphoma(10 PTCLs,2 NK/T-cell lymphomas,2 lymphoblastic T-cell lymphomas,2 anaplastic large cell lymphomas),2 Hodgkin's disease.42 samples of B-cell lymphoma cells were negative in perforin and granzyme B.In 10 samples of peripheral T-cell lymphoma,perforin and granzyme B positive were 8 and 9,respectively,but the positive cells were no tumor cells.In 12 samples of NK/Tcell lymphoma(2 in the tissue microarray,10 routine sections),both perforin and granzyme B were strongly positive.B-cell lymphoma,T-cell lymphoma and NK/T-cell lymphoma differed significantly(P

Objective To explore the nurses'self-efficacy for palliative care and its related factors.Methods Data were collected via a self-constructed questionnaire,using the purposive sampling method.Subjects were nurses from two “grade-A” general hospitals in Henan province.Results The nurses' self-efficacy for palliative care stayed at a disequilibrium state,mean score of self-efficacy for physical care was 4.00,followed by family care self-efficacy 3.85,then psychological and spiritual care self-efficacy 3.70.Significant difference existed in self-efficacy for palliative care in nurses having different attitudes toward death.The cognitive level for palliative care,past experience of caring for end-stage patients were positively correlated with self-efficacy.Conclusions The main factors of the nurses' self-efficacy for palliative care related to attitudes toward death,past experience of caring for end-stage patients and the cognition level of nurses to palliative care.

Objective To understand and explore the lived study feeling and experience of nursing undergraduate students during high- fidelity simulation training so as to provide the evidence of reforming teaching methods and performing the teaching practice of nursing educators. Methods Phenomenological study of qualitative research was used. In- depth interviews were conducted among 4 focus groups. 28 nursing undergraduate students were interviewed to understand their lived study feeling. Results 5 themes were emerged using Colaizzi's phenomenologic method, including cooperating explicitly, integrating theory with practice closely, promoting disease observation ability and nursing decision making, enhancing self-confidence. Conclusions High- fidelity simulation training was beneficial to integrate theory with practice, cultivate students' comprehensive ability and increase clinical practical opportunities.

Objective To study whether miR-15a and miR-16-1 can enhance the sensitivity of Raji cells to cytarabine (Ara-C). Methods MiR-15a and miR-16-1 oligonucleotides were transfected into Raji cells with Lipofectamine™ 2000, and then the cells were treated with Ara-C. The IC50 values of Ara-C was detected by CCK8 assay. The growth of Raji cells was measured by trypan blue dye exclusion method. The apoptotic cells were observed by Hoechst dyeing; AnnexinV/PI double dyeing and glow cytometry(FCM) were used to examine the cell apoptotic rate. Results After transfection of miR-15a or miR-16-1 into Raji cells, the IC50 values of Ara-C were 10. 41 and 10. 86, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of the untransfected group(15.43)and scrambled oligonucleotides (SODN)transfection group(14. 92, P<0.05). Trypan blue dye exclusion assay showed that miR-15a/miR-16-1 transfection group had obviously decreased the cell growth compared to miR-15a, miR-16-1 group, untransfected group and SODN transfected group; Hoechst dyeing demonstrated plenty of apoptotic cells. AnnexinV/PI double dyeing assays by FCM indicated that the cell apoptotic rates in earlier period and late period were 20. 93% and 25. 27% in the miR-15a+Ara-C group, and 20. 69% and 23. 13% in the miR-16-1 + Ara-C group, which were obviously higher than those in miR-15a group (6. 99%, 10. 08%), miR-16-1 group(4. 73%, 10. 64%), Ara-C group (10. 88%, 11. 83%) and control group (14. 39%, 11. 93%). Conclusion MiR-15a and miR-16-1 oligonucleotides can enhance the sensitivity of Raji cells to Ara-C.

Many peptide transporters have been identified in mammals, among which PepT1 has been widely studied. PepT1, a member of proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter (POT) superfamily, is a peptide transporter of low affinity and high capacity and is mainly expressed in the brush border membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. PepT1 plays an important role in the absorption of di/tri-peptide (the degradation products of protein in intestinal tract). Meanwhile, it mediates the transport of peptide-like drugs and the bacterial products. Therefore,the changes of the functional expression of PepT1 in the gastrointestinal tract may dramatically affect the internal and external environmental stability and drug absorption. This paper reviews the structural features and function,distribution, transport mechanisms, and regulatory factors of PepT1.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of different plasmapheresis supplement timing on therapeutic efficacy of toxic liver injury. METHODS:96 patients with toxic liver injury and divided into group A,B ,C and D with 32 cases in each group ac-cording to different plasmapheresis supplement timing. All patients received plasmapheresis supplement based on routine treatment. In group A,synchronized fluid replacement was 100% fresh plasma;in group B,synchronized fluid replacement was 40% normal saline firstly,and then 60%fresh plasma;in group C,substitute liquid was given till the in vitro blood reached 12%of circulation amount,supplement order as 40% normal saline for the first supplement,and then add 60% fresh plasma. The clinical symptoms and signs,liver function,prothrombin activity and blood biochemical indicators were observed in each group before and after treat-ment. RESULTS:Plasmapheresis supplement had good therapeutic efficacy on toxic liver injury;but the time of clinical symptoms and signs disappearance in group C was significantly shorter than that in group A and B,and the group B was significantly shorter the group A,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The plasma bilirubin,prothrombin activity,albumin levels of 3 groups after treatment were significantly better than before,with statistical significance(P<0.05);the group C was better than the group A and B,and the group B was better than the group A,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Compared with before treatment,the lev-els of AST and ALT in 3 groups decreased significantly after treatment,with statistical significance(P<0.05);the group B and C were better than the group A,with statistical significance(P<0.05);the group B and C was similar to each other,without statisti-cal significance(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Different plasmapheresis supplement timing have different effect on toxic liver injury. The supplement method that giving 40% normal saline for the first supplement,and then add 60% fresh plasma when in vitro blood reach 12%of circulation amount has more significant effect.

OBJECTIVE:To perfect public participation system of food and drug safety in China and establish“society multi-governance”of food and drug safety. METHODS:The problems of public participation in food and drug safety administration were analyzed in China. Referring to the experience of USA,Japan,South Korea and other developed countries in stage of food and drug safety legislative decision-making,regulation and enforcement and dispute settlement,the countermeasures were put forward to perfect public participation system of food and drug safety. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The public is in a passive position and shows weak right of speech in legislative decision-making stage;the public is not active and shows weak awareness of partici-pating in management in regulation and enforcement stage;public interest litigation system in dispute settlement stage has not been established. Those problems impede the generation of“society multi-governance”of food and drug safety in China. In United States,Japan,South Korea and other developed countries,the position and right of the public participation can be guaranteed com-pletely through establishing complete legal system,strengthening government information transparency,improving complaints sys-tem and public interest litigation system,etc. Our country can perfect the system of public participation in the food and drug safety and promote the generation of“society multi-governance”of food and drug safety by detailing the regulations in legislative deci-sion-making,emphasizing the information opening and feedback,strengthening the propaganda of public responsibility conscious-ness,setting up scientific food and drug safety complaint and reparting system and establishing public interest litigation system.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational drug use. METHODS:107 patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI)admitted to liver disease department of our hospital during Jan. 2011 to Dec. 2015 were divided into TCM group and chemi-cal medicine group according to the type of medicine. DILI clinical characteristics,prognosis,medicine types of DILI were com-pared and analyzed between 2 groups. RESULTS:47 cases of DILI were induced by TCM,which mainly were health care and body beauty medicines(19.1%),rheumatism and arthritis medicines(14.9%)and dermatological medicines(10.6%). 60 cases of DILI were induced by chemical medicine,which mainly were antineoplastics(21.7%),antimicrobial(20.0%)and antituberculot-ics (11.7%). Gender,average age,the time from primary medication to disease attack and clinical classification were no signifi-cant difference between 2 groups(P>0.05). The clinical manifestations of the 2 groups were similar,except that fatigue was more common in the TCM group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The liver function indicators of TCM group as ALT,AST, TBIL and ALP were higher than those of chemical medicine group,while ALT and TBIL were significantly different between 2 groups(P<0.05). The liver injuries were more serious in the TCM group than in chemical medicine group,with statistical signifi-cance(P<0.05). After treatment,the prognosis and the prognosis of liver function indicator in 2 groups were not statistically sig-nificant(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Doctors and pharmacists should cooperate to master medication indication strictly,develop ADR monitoring and conduct blood concentration monitoring of high-risk DILI medicines,especially the hepatotoxicity of TCM so as to reduce the occurrence of DILI and guarantee the safety of clinical drug use.

Objective To explore the correlation between nurses' work alienation and silence behavior.Methods 603 registered nurses were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou.They were investigated with Alienation Scale and Work Silence Behavior Scale.Results The scores of work alienation and silence behavior were (34.35±6.53) points and (37.66±6.46) points respectively,and both of them were at the medial level.Work alienation was positively related to silence behavior (r=0.603).All dimensions of work alienation were positively related to all dimensions of silence behavior (P ＜ 0.01).The predictors of silence behavior were age,nursing working years,job title,department,frustration,helplessness and meaningless,explained 42.2％ of its variance.Conclusions Work alienation has positive effect to silence behavior.The administrators in hospitals should focus on nurse,work alienation and silence behavior,and reduce silence behavior by reducing work alienation.

Aim To investigate effects of Cx26 on pro-liferation,apoptosis,migration of human highly meta-static hepatocellular carcinoma HCCLM3 cells.Meth-ods The HCCLM3 cells were infected with lentiviral vector targeting interference of Cx26 and the stable transfectants were selected by puromycin.The interfer-ence efficiency of Cx26 was detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot.Gap junction function was assessed by “parachute”dye-coupling assay. The effects of Cx26 interference on proliferation,apoptosis,migra-tion of HCCLM3 cells were determined by MTT assay, flow cytometry,transwell migration assay,respective-ly.Results The mRNA and protein expression of Cx26 in LV-Cx26 group was significantly lower than the LV-NC group and wide group (P<0.01),and GJ function in LV-Cx26 group also significantly reduced compared with LV-NC group and wild group (P <0.01 ).The Cx26 interference significantly inhibited the proliferation (P<0.01)),promoted the apoptosis (P <0.01 ),and decreased migration of HCCLM3 cells in vitro (P <0.01 ).Conclusion Lentiviral vector targeting interference Cx26 expression of HC-CLM3 cells can significantly reduce its GJ function,in-hibit the proliferation and migration,promote apopto-sis,and reduce its malignant properties.