Objective: To detect the expression and distribution of activated cytotoxic cells in types of lymphoma with tissue microarray,and provide evidences for clinical treatment and prognosis. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining by S-P technique was used for detecting the expression and distribution of perforin and granzyme B in lymphoma tissue microarray,composed of 60 samples of lymphoma tissue.10 NK/T-cell lymphoma routine sections were used for relative research,and 10 reactive hyperplasia were used for comparison. Results: In the tissue microarray,samples originated from intranode and extranode were 48 and 12,respectively;consisting of 42 B-cell lymphoma,16 T-cell lymphoma(10 PTCLs,2 NK/T-cell lymphomas,2 lymphoblastic T-cell lymphomas,2 anaplastic large cell lymphomas),2 Hodgkin's disease.42 samples of B-cell lymphoma cells were negative in perforin and granzyme B.In 10 samples of peripheral T-cell lymphoma,perforin and granzyme B positive were 8 and 9,respectively,but the positive cells were no tumor cells.In 12 samples of NK/Tcell lymphoma(2 in the tissue microarray,10 routine sections),both perforin and granzyme B were strongly positive.B-cell lymphoma,T-cell lymphoma and NK/T-cell lymphoma differed significantly(P

Objective To explore the correlation between nurses' work alienation and silence behavior.Methods 603 registered nurses were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou.They were investigated with Alienation Scale and Work Silence Behavior Scale.Results The scores of work alienation and silence behavior were (34.35±6.53) points and (37.66±6.46) points respectively,and both of them were at the medial level.Work alienation was positively related to silence behavior (r=0.603).All dimensions of work alienation were positively related to all dimensions of silence behavior (P ＜ 0.01).The predictors of silence behavior were age,nursing working years,job title,department,frustration,helplessness and meaningless,explained 42.2％ of its variance.Conclusions Work alienation has positive effect to silence behavior.The administrators in hospitals should focus on nurse,work alienation and silence behavior,and reduce silence behavior by reducing work alienation.

Objective To study the improving effect of testicular tissue graft on impaired learning and memory in endocrine recession mice,and to explore the possible mechanisms.Method Forty Kunming male mice were randomly divided into four groups by random number table:sham operation group,castration group,androgen (30 mg/kg) control group and testicular tissue graft group.The bilateral testes of mice were cut off to establish castrated mouse model.After modeling,the back subcutaneous muscle layers of castrated mice were implanted on the allogeneic testicular tissue blocks in graft group.Androgen group mice were intragastrically administrated with androgen for three months,and other two groups of mice were given an equal volume of normal saline At the end of treatment,the levels of serum testosterone in each group of mice were measured by ELISA.Learning and memory abilities of the mice were assessed by Morris water maze behavioral test.Morphological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE).The expression levels of AR and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9) in the brain were detected by Westem blotting.Result As compared with castration group,the levels of serum testosterone in graft group were increased significantly (P＜0.01),learning and memory abilities were greatly strengthened (P ＜ 0.01),the morphological structures in hippocampal CA1 neurons were improved,and the expression levels of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 were significantly reduced (P＜0.01),while the expression levels of AR and Bcl-2 had obvious enhancements (P ＜0.01).Conelusion Testicular tissue graft can improve learning and memory ability probably by secreting endogenous testosterone which will bind with androgen receptor in the brain,then regulating the expression of neuronal apoptosis related genes,increasing Bcl-2 protein level and reducing the expression of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein,and finally inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of self-perceived burden (SPB) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),and to explore the correlation among SPB and coping style and family support.Methods Three instruments including Self-Perceived Burden Scale,Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire and PSS-Fa were used to investigate 121 patients from a tertiary first-class comprehensive hospital of Guangzhou.Results The mean scores of SPB in patients with COPD was (25.65 ± 10.23),which was in the medium level.SPB was positively correlated with resignation of coping style,and negatively correlated with family support.Resignation of coping style had direct positive effect on patients' SPB and family support had indirect negative effect on patients' SPB,but had no effect on confront and avoidance coping style.Conclusions Nurses should take effective measures to improve family support and guide patients cope not with resignation style but in an appropriate way so as to alleviate patients' SPB.

The right of informed consent is composed of two closely connected rights-the right to know and the consent right.The right to know is prerequisite and foundation that the consent right depends on,and the consent right is also the value embodiment of the right to know.The main purpose of emphasizing patient's informed consent right lies in through entrust with the medical establishment and the medical staff's corresponding informing obligation,helping patients understand potential risks,cost so that they can make free choice.It can maintain patient's benefit,change patient's weak-trend status.Medical consent right is the patients' right to accept treatment or not and chooses options after they are fully aware of the information about their diagnosis and treatment options.Medical consent as an important right of patients is receiving increasing attention.Based on the achievements of predecessors,this article discusses how to protect patient's right of informed consent better.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of different plasmapheresis supplement timing on therapeutic efficacy of toxic liver injury. METHODS:96 patients with toxic liver injury and divided into group A,B ,C and D with 32 cases in each group ac-cording to different plasmapheresis supplement timing. All patients received plasmapheresis supplement based on routine treatment. In group A,synchronized fluid replacement was 100% fresh plasma;in group B,synchronized fluid replacement was 40% normal saline firstly,and then 60%fresh plasma;in group C,substitute liquid was given till the in vitro blood reached 12%of circulation amount,supplement order as 40% normal saline for the first supplement,and then add 60% fresh plasma. The clinical symptoms and signs,liver function,prothrombin activity and blood biochemical indicators were observed in each group before and after treat-ment. RESULTS:Plasmapheresis supplement had good therapeutic efficacy on toxic liver injury;but the time of clinical symptoms and signs disappearance in group C was significantly shorter than that in group A and B,and the group B was significantly shorter the group A,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The plasma bilirubin,prothrombin activity,albumin levels of 3 groups after treatment were significantly better than before,with statistical significance(P<0.05);the group C was better than the group A and B,and the group B was better than the group A,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Compared with before treatment,the lev-els of AST and ALT in 3 groups decreased significantly after treatment,with statistical significance(P<0.05);the group B and C were better than the group A,with statistical significance(P<0.05);the group B and C was similar to each other,without statisti-cal significance(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Different plasmapheresis supplement timing have different effect on toxic liver injury. The supplement method that giving 40% normal saline for the first supplement,and then add 60% fresh plasma when in vitro blood reach 12%of circulation amount has more significant effect.

Many peptide transporters have been identified in mammals, among which PepT1 has been widely studied. PepT1, a member of proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter (POT) superfamily, is a peptide transporter of low affinity and high capacity and is mainly expressed in the brush border membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. PepT1 plays an important role in the absorption of di/tri-peptide (the degradation products of protein in intestinal tract). Meanwhile, it mediates the transport of peptide-like drugs and the bacterial products. Therefore,the changes of the functional expression of PepT1 in the gastrointestinal tract may dramatically affect the internal and external environmental stability and drug absorption. This paper reviews the structural features and function,distribution, transport mechanisms, and regulatory factors of PepT1.

Objective To discuss the early recognition and treatment of group B streptococcus (GBS) infection caused neonatal meningitis and subdural effusion. Method The onset, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment process were retrospectively analyzed in one case of typical GBS infection caused neonatal meningitis and subdural effusion. Results The subject was late-onset GBS infection, with insidious onset, rapid progress, slow clinical recovery, and highly sensitive to vancomycin. During the treatment, the subject had relapses. The subdural effusion had been found. After extension of vancomycin treatment, the subject recovered. Conclusions The late onset GBS infection should be taken seriously in clinical, pay attention to the complications such as purulent meningitis, subdural effusion, hydrocephalus, and be early treated with adequate and effective antibiotics.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of Ardisia crenata based on the content of total saponins and to provide a basis for the Ardisia crenata study. Methods Based on the results of the single-factor tests and the Box-Behnken central composite experimental design principles, a response surface methodology which has three factors and three levels was designed to optimize the extraction process of Ardisia crenata based on the content of saponins. Results A maximal extraction yield of total saponins reached 2. 29% under the optimal conditions as follows:70% alcohol was used as extraction solvent with the material to liquid ratio of 116, the extraction time was 3 h at 70 ℃. Conclusion The optimized extraction process is accurate, reliable and practically valuable.

OBJECTIVE:To perfect public participation system of food and drug safety in China and establish“society multi-governance”of food and drug safety. METHODS:The problems of public participation in food and drug safety administration were analyzed in China. Referring to the experience of USA,Japan,South Korea and other developed countries in stage of food and drug safety legislative decision-making,regulation and enforcement and dispute settlement,the countermeasures were put forward to perfect public participation system of food and drug safety. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The public is in a passive position and shows weak right of speech in legislative decision-making stage;the public is not active and shows weak awareness of partici-pating in management in regulation and enforcement stage;public interest litigation system in dispute settlement stage has not been established. Those problems impede the generation of“society multi-governance”of food and drug safety in China. In United States,Japan,South Korea and other developed countries,the position and right of the public participation can be guaranteed com-pletely through establishing complete legal system,strengthening government information transparency,improving complaints sys-tem and public interest litigation system,etc. Our country can perfect the system of public participation in the food and drug safety and promote the generation of“society multi-governance”of food and drug safety by detailing the regulations in legislative deci-sion-making,emphasizing the information opening and feedback,strengthening the propaganda of public responsibility conscious-ness,setting up scientific food and drug safety complaint and reparting system and establishing public interest litigation system.