c-Jun N-terminal kinases(JNKs)play an integral role in neuronal death in multiple cell lines following a wide variety of stimuli and in a number of physiological functions which have been recognized as important enzymes in cellular function.JNK has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases.Data are emerging to extend the understanding of the JNK signaling and confirm the possibility that targeting JNK signaling may offer an effective therapy for pathological conditions in the near future.Because of the involvement of JNK in neuronal diseases,the inhibition of this enzyme is an attractive therapeutic target.

By incorporation of tritiated thymidine or 5-bromodeoxyuridine and using them as the markers,we found that the basal cells,Clara cells and type II alveolar epithelial cells in the pulmonary tissues may in some way behave like stem cells and can eventually differentiate into respiratory tract epithelium.The slow progress of researches on pulmonary stem cells up to date has its root in the complex structure of pulmonary tissues and respiratory tracts,which is demonstrated by the facts that the respiratory system is composed of at least 40 types of cells,plus that the growth,renewal,and regeneration rate or capacity of respiratory epithelium are extremely limited.Mean while,there have been no specific stem cell markers for pulmonary and lung cancer,so researchers rely on stem cell markers borrowed from other systems to search for stem cells in pulmonary system.At present,the studies of lung stem cell markers were focused on Sca-1,ABCG2 /Bcrp1,cell retaining marker,surface marker,cell keratin and CCSP.Recently the lung stem cells have been shown to be the targets of transformation during lung carcinogenesis,which has provide more thoughts and direction for the occurrence and treatment of lung cancer.

Several factors influencing the extraction of tetrandrine and demethyltetrandrine from Chinese medicinal herbs, Stephania tetrandra S. Moore were studied by means of Ortogonal method. The optimum Condition was eight hours steeping, in 33.3% ammonia in absolute alcohol for four hours under ultrasonic agitation. Tctrandrine aud demethyltetrandrino were detected by HPLC. The contents were 0.678% and 0.616%, the detection limits were 3.87?10-3and 0.48?10-3 mmol/L respectively.

ObjectiveTo discuss the features and laws of online learning of graduate studnets in Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM); To provide references for the directions of guidance and improvement. Methods Graduate students from the grade 2014 in BUCM were set as the investigation objects. Questionnaire was used to investigate students’ online learning experience, learning channels, time frequency, main contents for online learning, learning achievements and shortcomings, and cognitive degree of MOOCs. Students were invited to write down their understanding of online learning and their opinions and suggestions for the new learning mode of combining MOOCs and classroom learning.Results In this survey, 92.16% of graduate students had the experience in online learning; 41.18% of the students did online learning through the campus network; 47.06% of students kept“once a week” frequency of online learning; 54.90% of students learnt through the network mainly used to develop extracurricular knowledge; 66.27% of students thought online learning had a certain learning harvest; 49.41% of students thought complicated network information brought certain problems. In the MOOCs cognitive survey, 43.92% of students did not understand MOOCs completely; 66.27% of students wanted to try MOOCs as a new study mode; 30.98% of students thought the hours of MOOCs should accounts for a quarter of the total class hours.Conclusion Most graduate students have experience in online learning, have certain learning achievements and have expectations for MOOCs teaching.

Objective To study the hypnotic interaction between propofol and ketamine with isobologram. Methods Seventy-five ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ patients (35 male, 40 female) aged 20-50 yr, weighing 40-80 kg, undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery were randomly divided into three equal groups of 25 patients : propofol group (P); ketamine group (K) and propofol-ketamine combination group (P/K), Each group was further divided into 5 subgroups. Propofol 0.8, 1.0, 1.25, 1.56 or 1.95 mg ? kg-1 was given in 5 propofol subgroups (P1-5 ) respectively. Ketamine 0.32, 0.40, 0.50, 0.63 or 0.78 mg?kg-1 was given in 5 ketamine subgroups (K1-5 ) respectively. Propofol /ketamine 0.45/0.15, 0.60/0.20, 0.80/0.29, 1.05/0.35 or 1.41/0.47 mg?kg-1 were given in the 5 propofol-ketamine combination subgroups (P/K1-5 ) respectively. Two minutes after drug administration the patients were asked to open their eyes. Failure to open eyes was taken as the start-point of hypnotic effect. If the patient failed to respond to verbal order twice consecutively, the patient was considered to be in the hypnotic state. When the patient in hypnotic state failed to respond to electric stimulation of certain intensity, the patient was considered to be in anesthetic state. ED50s of propofol, ketamine and P/K combination for hypnotic and anesthetic effect were calculated. Isobologram was drawn. ED50 and 95 % confidence limit of ketamine were plotted on the abscissa and of propofol on the ordinate. The ED50 s of the two drugs were connected. If the ED50 of P/K combination was located on the connecting line, the two drugs are additive, on the left side of the connecting line synergistic, on the right side of the connecting line antagonistic. SBP, DBP, HR, SpO2 and BIS were continuously monitored before, during and after drug administration. Results The ED50 s for hypnotic and anesthetic effect were : 1.15 mg? kg-1 and 1.59 mg? kg-1 in group P; 0.40 mg? kg-1 and 0.72 mg? kg-1 in ketamine group; 0.65/0.22 mg?kg-1 and 1.19/0.40 mg?kg-1 in P/K group. The deviation of the location of ED50 of P/K combination from the connecting line was statistically insignificant. There was no significant change in SBP and DBF after administration of drugs in P/K group. Conclusion The hypnotic and anesthetic interaction between propofol and ketamine was additive. In terms of hemodynamic stability, P/K combination was the best among the three groups.

AIM: To study the effect of RNA interference on hypoxia-inducible factor-2(HIF-2) in the renal cell cancer in vitro and in vivo.METHODS: HIF-2 RNAi was synthesized and inserted into RNA interference eukaryotic expression vector which was confirmed by sequencing.The vector was transfected into the renal cancer cell 786-0 and positive clone was selected by using G418.The HIF-2 expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting method.The growth of cells was measured by MTT method.Nude mouse xenograft assays were also done.RESULTS: Compared with empty vector group and control group,the amounts of HIF-2 mRNA and protein expression were lower in the HIF-2 RNAi group,the difference was significant(P

For observation on clinical therapeutic effect of modified Wei Er Fang on gastric precanceraus lesion (GPL), 90 cases of GPL were divided into 3 groups, the treatment group treated with modified Wei Er Fang, the control group I treated with Wei Fu Chuan and the control group I with Bismuth subcitrate, 30 cases each group. Results indicated that the total effective rate for clinical symptoms was 96. 67% in the treatment group which was significant different from 60. 00% in the control group I (P 0. 05), but the therapeutic effect on heterotypic proliferation in the treatment group was superior to those in the two control groups. It is showed that modified Wei Er Fang has a better action of reversing gastric precancerous lesion.

Objective To compare the safety and the long-term outcomes of laparoscopic and open radical resection for rectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of 602 patients who received radical resection at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2000 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into the laparoscope group (324 patients) and the open group (278 patients).The numbers of dissected lymph nodes,lengths of proximal and distal resection margins,local recurrence rate,distal metastasis rate,overall survival rates and disease-free survival rates of the 2 groups were compared.All data were analyzed by the independent t test,chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. The survival rates were calculated by the life table method and were analyzed by the Wilcoxon (Gehan) test.Results The number of lymph nodes dissected in the laparoscope group and the open group were 21 ± 8 and 21 ± 9,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (t =1.120,P ＞0.05).The lengths of proximal resection margin were ( 15.1 ±1.3 )cm in the laparoscope group and (15.0 ±0.8)cm in the open group,with no significant difference between the2groups (t =1.452,P ＞0.05).The lengths of distal resection margin were (4.0 ± 1.6)cm in the laparoscope group and (3.3 ± 1.4) cm in the open group,with a significant difference between the 2 groups ( t =5.587,P ＜ 0.05 ).The overall local recurrence rate was 5.6％ (34/602),and no tumor recurrence was detected in the incision and port-site.The local reccurence rates were 6.2％ (20/324) in the laparoscope group and 5.0％(14/278) in the open group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.363,P ＞ 0.05 ).The overall distal metastasis rate was 11.5％ (69/602),and the distal metastasis rates were 11.1％ (36/324) in the laparoscope group and 11.9％ (33/278) in the open group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =0.085,P ＞0.05).The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 87.8％ and 83.0％ in the laparoscope group,and 84.9％ and 79.3％ in the open group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (P ＞0.05).The 3- and 5-year tumor-free survival rates were 79.4％ and 69.2％ in the laparoscope group,and 79.7％ and 73.1％ in the open group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The follow-up rate was 81.2％ (489/602).Forty-nine patients died,including 20 patients in the laparoscope group and 29 patients in the open group.Conclusion Laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer is reliable in the oncological efficacy,and is possible to achieve the similar long-term outcomes as that of open surgery.

Aim To investigate the effects of sodium phenylbutyrate on cell proliferation,apoptosis and its expression of p21 and survivin genes in human tongue squamous cancer Tca8113 cell line.Methods The cellular proliferation inhibitory ratio was evaluated by MTT assay and the apoptosis and cell cycle of the Tca8113 cell line was detected by FCM.The expression of p21 and survivin genes was analyzed with Western blot and RT-PCR.Results Sodium phenylbutyrate could inhibit the Tca8113 cells proliferation,promote cell apoptosis and arrest the cells at G_1/G_0 phase.The expression of p21 gene in Tca8113 cell line treated by sodium phenylbutyrate was increased,and one of survivin gene was decreased.Conclusions Sodium phenylbutyrate induces up-regulation of p21 gene and down-regulation of survivin gene,which inhibits Tca8113 cell proliferation and induces its apoptosis and arrests the cells at G_1/G_0 phase.And the increase of p21 mRNA expression is negatively correlated with the decrease of survivin mRNA expression(r_s=-0.548,P<0.01),and so is its protein expression(r_s=-0.514,P<0.01).

Background Corneal transplantation is an effective treatment to severe corneal diseases,but the shortage of cornea donor limits its application.Tissue-engineered cornea is being a new approach to corneal diseases.Objective This study was to investigate the possibility of construction of tissue-engineered corneal epithelium by culturing human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) in vitro.Methods Fresh human amniotic membranes were obtained under the approval of Ethic Committee of Affiliated First Hospital of Jinan University and informed consent of maternal women.The 6 cm×6 cm amniotic membrane tissue explant was digested using trypsin+ EDTA,and then the amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) were scraped before putting into collagenase Ⅱ digestion medium to isolate hAMSCs.hAMSCs of passage 3 were cultured to achive 80％-90％ confluence,and then the ceils were incubated on rabbit deepithelial corneal stroma at a 1 ×105/ml density.The corneal stroma was co-cuhured with hAMSCs at an air-liquid interface till 14 days.Rabbit deepithelial corneal stroma with and without hAMSCs (experimental group and control group) were fixed in 4％ para formaldehyde, and sections were prepared for histopathological examination.Immunochemistry and immunofluorescence were empoyed to detect the expressions of cytokeratin3 (CK3) and CK12 in hAMSCs.Results hAMSCs grew well and formed a stratified epidermal structure resembling native corneal epithelium on rabbit corneal stroma in cultured 14 days in the experimental group,with the oval nucleus at basement and fusiform nucleus on the surface of corneal stroma.There was no cell structure in the control group.Immunochemistry revealed brown staining for CK3, CK12 in cytoplasm of hAMSCs on the rabbits corneal stroma,and the green fluorescence for CK3 and CK12 was also seen in the hAMSCs.However,the response for CK3 and CK12 was absent in the control sections either immunochemistry or immunofluorescence test.Conclusions hAMSCs can be induced to differentiate into corneal epithelioid cells at an air-liquid interface on the rabbit corneal stroma.