Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is an independent risk factor of stroke. About two-thirds patients with TIA will reoccur TIA or stroke. To predict the risk of stroke after the onset of TIA may identify the prognosis of patients, so as to have an intervention for the high-risk patients as early as possible. This article reviews the various risk assessment tools for stroke after TIA, in order to provide ideas for the prognostic assessment of TIA.

Different cells could be utilized as seed cells in the construction of tissue-engineered skelet al muscle, which include satellite stem cells, myohlasts, embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells includ-ing bone marrow-derived stem cells, amniotic fluid-derived stem cells, and adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Seed cells from different origins are capable of trans-differentiating into myogenic cells or fusing with myogenic cells, expressing the surface antigen of sarcogenic cells, and participating in the regeneration of muscle fiber, both in vivo and ex vivo. This review gives a summarization of the recent progress in the research on seed cell source in skelet al muscle tissue engineering.

Objective To provide the biomechanical basis of plantaris tendon for clinical autotransplantation. Methods Fifteen plantaris tendons from 8 fresh adult cadavers were cut into 56 segments with about 6 cm lengths in each. The segments were divided into 3 groups: upper,middle,and lower segments. Fifty segments were taken for the tensile test,while the other six segments were loaded under 30 MPa,40 MPa,and 50 MPa respectively. The histologic structure of the tendons was observed under the microscope after presumptive load. Results The average limit load,tensile strength and elastic modulus of the plantaris tendon were (83.19?42.52) N,(60.32?21.80) MPa,and (714.83?285.44) MPa respectively. The tensile strength of the lower segments was significant higher than the upper and middle segments. Conclusion The biomechanical property of the plantaris tendon is accommodative for autografting.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the expanding of Chinese traditional medicine enterprises in USA market.METHODS:The management mode of the botanical preparations in the USA and the related laws and regulations were overviewed from the perspectives of dietary replenisher and drug areas.RESULTS&CONSCLUSION:For the entry of Chi?nese traditional medicine into the USA market,a realistic way of behavior for the time being is to adopt a step-by-step pol?icy,i.e.first of all,a research of the standard botanical extracts should be conducted before entering into the USA market in the status of dietary replenishers,then the clinical research application was raised after marketing in USA market for several years,eventually,new drug application was raised.

Objective To analyze the causes and possible mechanisms of vertigo for emergency,and to discuss the diagnosis and therapy methods.Furthermore, the possible effective preventions were suggested.Methods 86 elderly patients with vertigo for emergency were enrolled to analyze the causes through symptoms,signs and accessory examinations.Results The majority of the patients fell within the age range between 60～69 ,it occurred more frequently in female patients than in male.The main causes were cervical vertebra disease,hypertension atherosclerosis,acute cerebrovascular disease,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus and autonomous nerve function disorder.Conclusion The mechanisms which induce vertigo in elderly patients are concerned with disturbance of vertebra-basal and blood supply system.It is not only resulted from single disease,but also from several factors.Moreover,it often co-exist with multi-diseases, which shows that symptomatic treatment is still the essential method for curing vertigo in elderly patients for emergency.

Objective To investigate the effect of adenoviral-mediated interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene transfection on systemic inflammatory responses in a rat model of ventilator-induced lung injury. Methods Thirty adult male SD rats weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6 each): group Ⅰ control (group C); group Ⅱ adenovirus without IL-IO gene + 2 h mechanical ventilation (MV) (group B, ); group II1 adenoviruswithout IL-IO gene + 4 h MV (group B_2); group Ⅳ adenovirus with IL-10 gene + 2 h MV (group A_1) and group Ⅴ adenovirus with IL-10 gene + 4 h MV (group A_2). In group Ⅱ-Ⅴ the animals were mechanically ventilated (airway pressure = 25 cm H_2 O) and adenovirus was injected into right ventricle at 48 h before MV. Blood samples were taken from abdominal aorta at the end of 2 h or 4 h MV for determination of serum IL-8 and IL-10 concentrations. The animals were then killed. The pulmonary specimens were obtained for examination of ultrastructure with light and electron microscope. Results Mechanical ventilation significantly increased serum IL-8 and IL-IO concentrations in a duration-dependent manner in group Ⅱ-Ⅴ as compared with group C. Trans-pulmonary administration of adenoviraI-mediated interleukin-10 gene significantly decreased serum IL-8 concentration and increased serum IL-10 concentration and reduced ventilator-induced lung injury alter MV in group A_1 and A_2 as compared with group B_1 and B_2. Conclusion Adenoviml-madiated IL-10 gene transfection can attenuate the systemic inflammatory response and reduce ventilator-induced lung injury.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of ADC value in grading of neuroepithelial tumors. Methods The clinical data and images of 70 patients with neuroepithelial tumors pathologically proven were collected and analyzed restrospectively. All the patients were classified into low(WHOⅠ or Ⅱ)and high(WHO Ⅲ or Ⅳ)grade groups which included 40 and 30 cases respectively accroding to the 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. All the patients underwent plain and contrast-enhanced MR scan and DWI before surgery. The minimum ADC(MinADC)value was measured postoperatively on ADC maps. The Ki-67 labeling index(Ki-67 LI)of tumor tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry.MinADC values for two groups were analyzed using student t test, while the age and Ki-67 LI for the two groups was analyzed using Mann-Whitney test(P＜0.05 considered to be significant＝.Also the MinADC valHe and Ki-67 LI were analyzed with Pearson correlation. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was used for evaluation for grading neuroepithelial tumors of the patients using MinADC. Results The mean MinADC value[(1.08±0.31)×10~(-3) mm~2/s]of the low grade group was significantly higher than that[(0.74±0.18)×10~(-3) mm~2/s]of the high grade group(t=5.42,P＜0.05＝,and the Ki-67 LI of the low grade group[0-50%,median 4%]was significantly lower than that[0-75%,median 25%]of the high grade group(U=325.50,P＜0.05＝.There was a negative correlation between MinADC value and Ki-67 LI(r=-0.30,P＜0.05＝.The area under the ROC curve was 0.85,and the cutoff MinADC value of 0.86×10~(-3) mm~2/s for the differentiation between high and low grade neuroepithelial tumors provided the best combination of sensitivity(90.0%)and specificity(77.5%)(receiver operatingcharacteristic analysis).Conclusion MinADC value is helpful for prediction of neuroepithelial tumor grade.

Objective To understand the bronchovascular nodule notch sign based on pathology and to evaluate the potential role in detecting this "sign"by multiplanar reconstruction(MPR).Methods ① 91 cases of small peripheral lung cancer (SPLC) and 55 cases of benignant nodule,confirmed by pathology were analysed.11 fresh lobectonic specimens including 9 cases with SPLC and 2 cases with benignant nodule were collected to make the gross pathologyical sections.The bronchovascular convergences in benign and malignant nodule were analysed comparatively.② MPR in 20 cases with malignant nodule and 13 cases with benign nodle were performed in order to observe the bronchovascular convergences.Results ① The specialty of nodule notch sign was 95.2% for malignant tumors.② The detecting rate of nodule notch sign on MPR in malignant nodule was 70%,which was of significant difference between MPR and plain CT scan.Conclusion "Notch sign" is of important value in the diagnosis of SPLC associated with BVC.The detected rate of "notch sign"will be improved by spiral CT MPR.

Objective To investigate the imaging finding,the pathologic bases,and the diagnostic value of nodule notch due to pleural indentation (NNPI),and to evaluate the potential role of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) in the diagnosis of small peripheral lung cancer (SPLC) associated with pleural indentation (PI).Methods (1) 91 cases of SPLC and 59 cases of benign nodule confirmed by pathology were collected in this paper.A correlative study was done between the two groups.Eleven fresh lobectonic specimens from 9 cases of SPLC and 2 cases of benign nodule were collected.A correlative study to the preoperative CT scans,postoperative scans of the inflated specimens with the gross pathology of the specimens was done.(2) Twenty cases of SPLC and 12 cases of benign nodule,associated with PI,were collected in the study about MPR.Attention was focused on its role in showing NNPI.Results (1) NNPI was depicted as follows: On the position of the connection between the nodule and the line associated with PI,and a notch was shaped on the margin of nodule.The specificity of NNPI to malignant PI was 96.5%.(2) On MPR image,the occurrence of NNPI (80%) was higher than that on CT scans (? 2=13.205,P

0.94).The concentration of total flavin or absolute amount of total flavin in liver increased as dietary riboflavin increased, and reached highest values when dietary riboflavin is 6.4mg/kg.It is considered that the standard of BGRAC values for assessing the riboflavin nutriture of the broilers could be defined as follows. 45 severely deficient.