The present study was to investigate whether peripheral NMDA receptors were involved in the persistent nociceptioninduced by subcutaneous (s. C. ) bee venom injection in the conscious rat by using quatitative pain scoring methods, a.c. Bee venom injection into one hindpaw resulted in a persistent, monophasic nociceptive response characterized by continuously flinching.lifting and licking the injected paw for more than I h. The non-competitive. NMDA receptor channel blockers, ketamine and ME-801, were administered s.c. 5 or 20 min after bee venom. Local ketamine injection produced a suppression of flinching reflex by 20. 90±2.88% and 45.76±13.9%, while that of lifting/bcking time by 39. 53±10. 05% and 59.94±5.53%, at doses of 25mmol/L and 50 mmol/L respectively without any motor disturbance, Local MK-801 resulted in an inhibition of flinching reflexby 22.84±3.12% and 49.53±5.35%. While that of lifting/licking time by 17. 49±5.67%and 53.49±3. 87%. At doses of 10μmol/L and 100 ,μmol/L respectively also with no motor disturbance. However, s. C. Administration of ketamine and MK-801 inior region symmetrical to the bee venom injection site on the contralateral hindpaw produced no change in the nociceptive behaviors, suggesting that the analgesic actions of keramme and MK-8Ol were not the result of systemic effects. The present resultsuggests that peripheral NMDA receptors are involved in the production of persistent pain.

Three Modules and Three Stages proposed by guidelines on college English teaching that will be issued by the Ministry of Education gives direction for college English teaching.Through the investigation of the students' cognition and learning of English curriculum,combined with the teaching experiment,the new system of English curriculum,which reflects the characteristics of medical colleges and universities,has been preliminarily established,aiming at cultivating medical students' comprehensive English abilities in medical study and career development.Considering students' language abilities in different stages,college English curriculum can be designed in three modules,that is,English for general purpose (EGP),English for academic purpose (EAP) and intercultural communication,in three stages,that is,the basic stage,the improvement stage,and the development stage.The practice shows that the new curriculum system can promote the interaction,reform and development of teachers,teaching teams and Foreign Language Department.

AIM:To investigate the relationship of autophagy and reactive oxygen species ( ROS) in multiple myeloma cell line RPMI-8226 stimulated with doxorubicin.METHODS:The RPMI-8226 cells were stimulated with doxo-rubicin at different doses, and untreated cells were used as control.The protein expression of beclin 1 and LC3 was detec-ted by Western blot.ROS production was analyzed by DCFH-DA fluorescence staining.After treated with or without 3-methyladenine (3-MA), the ROS production and apoptosis in RPMI-8226 cells were determined by DCFH-DA and flow cy-tometry, respectively.After treated with or without antioxidants tempol and N-acetyl-L-cysteine ( NAC) , the expression of beclin 1 and LC3 in RPMI-8226 cells was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:The protein levels of beclin 1 and LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰwere increased in the RPMI-8226 cells stimulated with doxorubicin compared with untreated group.The ROS production was increased in the RPMI-8226 cells stimulated with 2 mg/L doxorubicin compared with untreated group.After treated with 3-MA, the ROS production and apoptosis in the RPMI-8226 cells stimulated with doxorubicin were increased compared with doxorubicin group.After treated with antioxidant NAC or tempol, the expression of beclin 1 and LC3 II/I in the RPMI-8226 cells stimulated with doxorubicin was decreased compared with doxorubicin group.CONCLUSION:The autophagy and ROS levels are increased in RPMI-8226 cells stimulated with doxorubicin.Inhibition of autophagy increases the ROS production and apoptosis of RPMI-8226 cells stimulated with doxorubicin.Inhibition of ROS production reduces doxorubicin-induced autophagy in multiple myeloma cells.

Objective　To investigate ideal procedure of reconstruction for the digestive tract after total gastrectomy.Methods:After total gastrectomy,the 25 centimeters length jejunum with vessel pedicle was dissociated and was inosculated between esophagus distal and duodenum proximal end.This procedure is simple and meet the physiological need.Results:28 cases of patients were curved recently without complications and death.All patients wre followed-up long term survey that they had no intestinal symptoms,reverse esophagitis and nutritional deficiency.Their body weights were increased significantly and could take part in labor.Conclusion:This procedure is the ideal reconstruction operation for the digestive tract after total gastrectomy.

Objective To explore the change of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) expression in the telencephalon of mice with schistosomiasis. Methods The changes of PBR mRNA in the telencephalon of schistosomiasis mice were observed by the real-time FQ-PCR method. The results were judged with circle number of times (C_T) when the level of amplification exponent achieved detecting liminal value. Results Comparing the experiment group (n=10) with the healthy control (n=10) at the 8th、12th、20th week, the changes of C_T were significant(P

Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is an emergency with a high mortality rate, characterized by acute onset and identification difficulties. EHS prevention focuses on evaluating the environment by professionals, making preventive measures in advance, identifying internal and external risk factors for the onset of disease, carrying out prior heat adaptation and endurance training, monitoring the status of high risk persons in real time. After occurrence of EHS, the key to success treatment is on-site accurate identification and diagnosis and rapid implementation of effective cooling measures, thus winning time of EHS patients transferred to the hospital for the treatment. This article reviews the current status of EHS prevention and treatment in domestic and foreign from the scene to the hospital. Summarizing the recognition, diagnosis, cooling measures, treatment concepts and principles of EHS, we hope to provide a reference for the rescue of EHS in hospital and outside.

Objective To find out whether inpatients with acute ischaemic stroke and atrial fibrillation (AF) have higher rate of renal dysfunction than without AF,and analyze risk factors associated with renal dysfunction.Method 374 patients with acute ischaemic stroke and AF were enrolled,which cases have complete data.500 patients were randomly selected as the non-AF group.To compare the prevalence of renal dysfunction [eGFR ＜ 60 mL/(min· 1.73 m2)] of two groups.Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis was used to detemmine the factors associated with renal dysfunction.Results 374 patients in AF group,114 (30.5％) were renal dysfunction;500 patients in non-AF group,75 (15％) were renal dysfunction (P =0.000,OR =2.485).The eGFR of AF and non-AF group was (77.75 ± 39.89) mL/(min· 1.73 m2) and (96.93±39.14) mL/(min · 1.73 m2).In Logis tic regression analysis,heart dysfunction (OR =2.057),hypertension (OR =1.826),diabetes (OR =1.897),hypevuricemia (OR =3.161) were found to be associated with renal dysfunction.Conclusions Adult patients with acute ischaemic stroke and AF have a higher rate of renal dysfunction than acute ischaemic stroke without AF.Heart dysfunction,hypertension,diabetes,hyperuricemia were factors associated with renal dysfunction.

To analyze and summarize the connotation,elements,procedure and efficacy of cooperative learning in European medical education and provide reference to innovate our medical education.

BACKGROUND: Serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) can be used to predict cardiovascular injury.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the serum levels of hs-CRP in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis following repeated long-termexposure to positive acceleration and to predict the risk of cardiovascular injury.METHODS: Twenty-four New Zealand purebred rabbits were randomly divided into a positive acceleration group and a controlgroup. Rabbits in the positive acceleration group were exposed to +4 g rotation for 20 seconds with an acceleration of 1 g/s. Therotation interval was 5 minutes and totally three rotations were daily performed for 3 days per week. 0.5 g rotation was addedevery week, and by week 4, +6 g rotation was added, and the exposure lasted for 40 seconds.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exposure to positive acceleration yielded significant effects on serum level of hs-CRP in rabbitswith atherosclerosis compared with before exposure (P < 0.01), but exposure time did not produce effects on serum level ofhs-CRP (P > 0.05). The interaction between exposure to positive acceleration and exposure time also did not produce significanteffects on serum level of hs-CRP (P > 0.05). Hyperplastic foam cells in the aortic tunica intima and the superficial layer of mediaincreased with the prolongation of exposure to positive acceleration. Repeated long-term exposure to positive acceleration maylead to a long-term high serum level of hs-CRP in rabbits.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of insulin therapy in the treatment of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome .Methods 91 cases of endocrine disorders of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome were selected from September 2013 to September 2016 in Yinzhou Ningbo people’s hospital,and divided into observation group and control group,44 cases in the control group and received conventional treatment,47 cases in the observation group and received insulin sensitizer on the basis of conventional treatment.Before and after treatment, the level of sex hormones, blood glucose and insulin levels in the two groups were detected and compared,and the efficacy was determined and compared.Results Compared with before treatment,the levels of LH,FSH,E2,T,A2,Ds in the observation group were decreased,SHBG was increased,HOMA-β,HOMA-IR,FPG,FINS were decreased,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);compared with control group, the levels of LH,FSH,E2,T,A2,Ds in the observation group were lower,SHBG was higher,HOMA-β,HOMA-IR,FPG,FINS were lower,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);After treatment, the total effective rate of observation group 95.74%was significantly higher than the control group 81.82%(P<0.05).Conclusion Insulin sensitizer in treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in patients with endocrine disorders has significantly effect,can significantly improve the patient’s sex hormone levels and blood glucose levels,adjust the patient’s insulin levels,improve the clinical treatment efficiency.