This article introduces the proteomic study of the cell lines,tissue,pancreatic juice and serum from well-diagnosed patients of pancreatic cancer,benign pancreatic disease,normal control,etc.The highly specific and sensitive biomarkers and their significant roles in the mechanism of development and progress of pancreatic cancer,early diagnosis,therapy monitoring,prognosis,follow-up,and so on,are presented and discussed.

Pancreatic cancer is a commonly malignant gastrointestinal tumor with an obviously increasing incidence all over the world.Those patients without specific symptoms at early stage had mostly lost the opportunity of surgical therapy when pancreatic cancer was detected at advanced stage,and their prognosis is poor.Therefore,it is rather crucial to improve the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.Tumor marker is a considerable tool for early tumor detection and screening.It will help to improve the diagnostic rate of early pancreatic cancer and promote the prognosis of pancreatic cancer if we could find out tumor markers and screen one or a group of pancreatic cancer tumor markers.

Immune system is the autologous defence system to resist disease.αβ TCR+ CD3+ CD4-CD8-NK1.1-double negative T cell is a special T lymphocyte which has been described in both humans and rodent models.In recent years,the prognosis has been made in the mechanisms by which DN Treg target antigen-specific T cells and tumor cells.DN Treg cells play an important role in immune regulation,immunosuppression,autoimmune and resistance to the host reaction,HIV infection and antitumor.The study mainly introduces the advance of DN Treg cells in immune treatment.

DNT cells(CD4-CD8-double-negative T cells)ale newly discovered immune cells,whose surface ex press neither CD4 nor CD8 molecules.In recent years,the prognosis and survival quality of tumour patient have been greatly improved through cell immunotherapy.Immunocyte can kill the tumour directly Or through immunoregu lation.The study of DNT cells(double-nnegative T cell)on cancer cells will be of vital significance.

Pancreatic cancer is a kind of highly malignant aggressive cancers.Perinearal growth is one of the importcant biological characteristics of pancreatic cancer.Perineural invasion is an independent prognostic indicator of its prognosis.However,the mechanism has not yet completely clear.The pancreatic cancer perineural invasion mechanism research has been the focus of scholars to discuss,however it' s difficult to break through.Therefore,the discussion pancreatic violation of the peripancreatic neural mechanism for early clinical find,early treatment is essential.The mechanisms of pancreatic cancer research,from all kinds of adhesion molecule to the nerve growth factor,related ligand protein path to susceptibility gene expression,have been reported largely,which helps enhance people' s awareness of peripancreatic neural invasion.At the same time,perineural invasion in the early detection of disease,prolonging survival period and improving the quality of life has important significance.Now the progresses of reviews in recent years are discussed as follows.

Objective To explore the key points of diagnosis,treatment and the reasonable surgical methods in 39 cases of pancreas trauma.Methods A retrospective review and analysis the cause and classification of injury,surgical methods of 39 cases of pancreatic trauma in the Department of General Surgery of Affiliated Provinical Hospital of Anhui Medical University during Jan.1990 to Dec.2011.Results In the 39 patients who underwent surgery,38 patients were cured,1 dead duing to craniocerebral injuries,3 patients with complications of pancreatic leakage cured after adequate drainage.Two patients with pancreatic pseudocyst pancreatic pseudocystcyst cured after pancreatic pseudocyst jejunum anastomosis.One patients with traumatic pancreatitis cured after conservative treatment.Conclusions Blunt injury is the most common cause of pancreas trauma.Imaging examination has high value in the early diagnosis of pancreas trauma.The reasonable surgical methods and careful examination during operation can improve the cure rate and reduce the mortality and incidence of complications of pancreatic trauma.If the patient's condition allowed,endoscopy not only contributes to the diagnosis of pancreatic trauma,but is an effective method for treatment of it.

Neural invasion is an important invasion pathway of pancreatic cancer.New research shows that neural invasion of pancreatic cancer related genes in the sequential role effect,through the cell signal transduction,regulation of specific growth factors,adhesion molecules,matrix metallopmteinase and other related systems,then changed in the generation,resulting in the cancer cells invasion of the nerve tissue eventually.We reviewed the progress of neural invasion of pancreatic cancer in this paper.

Therapeutic effect of pancreatic cancer depends on early detection and effective treatment.The early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is so difficult that the discovery of pancreatic cancer is often in mid and late stages,so the treatment of meaning is not so satisfying.In recent years the rapid study of proteomics has brought great hope in the early discovery of pancreatic cancer to make it the post-genome era of functional genomics research in hot areas.Separating and identifying the serum、juice and tissue of patients with pancreatic cancer to find out the different proteins between normal and sick individuals can provide theoretical base and new ideas for the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To know the quality change trend of outgoing water from the water plants in the rural areas in Dongguan, Shunde and Zhongshan of Guangdong. Methods The quality reports of the outgoing water and the supply capacity of the water plants in 1999-2003 were analyzed. Results The up to standard rate of outgoing water showed an increase in the three areas in 1999-2003, from 98.00% to 98.55%, 95.13% to 99.43% and 97.95 to 99.63% respectively, but the bacteriological indexes were still noteworthy. Conclusion The outgoing quality of water plants in Dongguan,Shunde and Zhongshan of Guangdong is satisfactory, the up to standard rate of outgoing water from the larger scale plants is higher compared with the smaller ones.

This study examined the effects of a recombinant adenovirus Ad-PTEN-EGFP on the proliferation of A549 cells, a human lung carcinoma cell line, in vitro and on the growth of the implanted tumors in the nude mice in vivo, explored the underlying mechanisms and evaluated the in vitro transfection efficiency of Ad-PTEN-EGFP into A549 cells. The expression of Ad-PTEN-EGFP in the A549 cells was determined. The proliferation and the apoptosis rates of the A549 cells with Ad-PTEN-EGFP transfection or not was detected by MTT and flow cytometry. Ad-PTEN-EGFP at different doses was injected intratumorally to the tumor-bearing mice induced by the A549 cells. Tumor sizes were measured on an alternate day. After all the mice were sacrificed, the implanted tumors were removed for routine histological examination, weight test, HE staining and immunohistochemical staining. The expressions of Bax, P16 and P53 in the tumor tissues and those of caspase-3, CD34 and VEGF in the mouse sera were detected. Tumor cell apoptosis was measured by TUNEL method. The results showed that the vitality of the A549 cells after transfection with Ad-PTEN-EGFP declined. The expression of green fluorescent protein was observed under fluorescent microscope. The transfection rate was in excess of 50%. The mRNA and protein expression of PTEN in the transfected cells was confirmed. The proliferation rate of the transfected cells was significantly decreased when compared with that of the non-transfected cells (P<0.05). The number of the apoptosis cells was increased in the transfected cells (P<0.05). The models of implanted tumors were successfully established by injection of the A549 cells in the flank of Balb/c nude mice. Administration of Ad-PTEN-EGFP to the tumor-bearing nude mice resulted in a suppression of tumor growth. There were statistically significant differences in the tumor weight and tumor volume between the Ad-PTEN-EGFP-treated group and the control groups (P<0.05). In contrast to those in the control groups, tumor tissues in the Ad-PTEN-EGFP-treated group were shown to have typical extensive vacuolar degeneration and massive hemorrhagic necrosis. Apoptotic bodies were also observed in the tumor cells. The expressions of Bax, caspase-3 and P16 were increased (P<0.05) while those of CD34, VEGF and P53 decreased (P<0.05) in the Ad-PTEN-EGFP-treated group. It is concluded that Ad-PTEN-EGFP could induce the apoptosis of the A549 cells and inhibit their proliferation. And it could also substantially suppress the tumor growth in the tumor-bearing nude mice and induce apoptosis of the tumor cells as well. These findings carry significant implications for adenovirus vector-based PTEN gene therapies for lung cancers.