This article introduces the proteomic study of the cell lines,tissue,pancreatic juice and serum from well-diagnosed patients of pancreatic cancer,benign pancreatic disease,normal control,etc.The highly specific and sensitive biomarkers and their significant roles in the mechanism of development and progress of pancreatic cancer,early diagnosis,therapy monitoring,prognosis,follow-up,and so on,are presented and discussed.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the malignant tumor with a high case fatality rate.Because the disease onset symptoms is not obvious,and the disease develops quickly, the malignant degree is high, so it is difficult to do early diagnosis in clinical, leading to poor treatment effect.In recent years, more and more of the discovery and application of pancreatic tumor markers provide a new way for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.This article is a review of the current status of the research on the tumor markers associated with the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Double negative T cells,namely DNT cells,are specific regulatory cells with TCR+ CD3 + CD4-CD8-in cell phenotype,divide into αβ T cell and γδ T cell,play a very important role in regulating immunoreaction.Previous research restricted to the treatment of autoimmune disease and organ transplantation immunity.Recently dnt cells adoptive immunotherapy,as a new anti-tumor method,gradually come into public view.This review mainly focuses on the source of DNT cells,their anti-tumor effect,as well as the possible mechanism.

NKG2D is an activating receptor expressed on various immune cells' surfaces.Currently,eight ligands have been found,they can be divided into two kinds:MHC Ⅰ related protein and ULBP molecules.NKG2D receptors and their respective ligands differentially exist in normal and cancerous tissues.So far,many researchers have found that a lot of immune cells' anti-tumor mechanism is mediated by NKG2D receptor and it can't be replaced in the resistance to the development of carcinoma.adoptive immunotherapy is a new method of treating cancer that propose to find tumor-specific cytotoxicity immune cells and enlarge the amount of it,then injected into human body to resist tumor.Recently,many researchers have found that DNT cells (CD4-CD8-T 细胞)have the function of anti-tumor;sadly its mechanisms are unclear.After the summary of NKG2D receptor-mediated pathway of destruction,this paper try to analyze its relevance to DNT cells' killing effect,on the purpose of finding the Killing mechanism of DNT cells that may existed.

Objective To know the quality change trend of outgoing water from the water plants in the rural areas in Dongguan, Shunde and Zhongshan of Guangdong. Methods The quality reports of the outgoing water and the supply capacity of the water plants in 1999-2003 were analyzed. Results The up to standard rate of outgoing water showed an increase in the three areas in 1999-2003, from 98.00% to 98.55%, 95.13% to 99.43% and 97.95 to 99.63% respectively, but the bacteriological indexes were still noteworthy. Conclusion The outgoing quality of water plants in Dongguan,Shunde and Zhongshan of Guangdong is satisfactory, the up to standard rate of outgoing water from the larger scale plants is higher compared with the smaller ones.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers of the digestive tract with an obviously increasing incidence around the word in recent years.It is diffcults to diagnosis in the early stage because of the deficience of specific symptoms.Radical resection is the most effective method to treat pancreatic cancer,but those patient often lose radical surgery opportunity when be diagnosised at advanced stages.Their prognosis is poor.Early diagnosis can greatly improve the rates of radical resection and promote the prognosis of the disease,and reliable tumor markers can be used for early screening and early diagnosis for pancreatic cancer.In recent years,the rapidly development of proteomics and its technology makes tumor markers become a popular research fields in pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the relationship between anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction(APBJ) without congenital choledochal cyst (CCC) and onset of acute pancreatitis. Methods Between Jan. 1995 and Jan. 2004, 72 cases of APBJ without CCC were identified by ERCP, MRCP, and intraoperative cholangiography(IOC).Relationship between acute pancreatitis and APBJ was analysed retrospectively. Result The overall incidence of APBJ in this series was 2.7%. Pancreaticobiliary junction anomaly was further substratified into as P-C type(the pancreatic duct joining the common bile duct)in 43 cases, and C-P type (the common bile duct joining the pancreatic duct)in 29 cases. The incidence of acute pancreatitis was 35% and that of gallbladder stone was 74%. Conclusion The incidence of acute pancreatitis in APBJ without CCC is high. In case of relapsing acute pancreatitis without known cause, APBJ should be suspected. Prophylactic cholecystectomy is effective to prevent acute pancreatitis.

Immune system is the autologous defence system to resist disease.αβ TCR+ CD3+ CD4-CD8-NK1.1-double negative T cell is a special T lymphocyte which has been described in both humans and rodent models.In recent years,the prognosis has been made in the mechanisms by which DN Treg target antigen-specific T cells and tumor cells.DN Treg cells play an important role in immune regulation,immunosuppression,autoimmune and resistance to the host reaction,HIV infection and antitumor.The study mainly introduces the advance of DN Treg cells in immune treatment.

Pancreatic cancer is a kind of highly malignant aggressive cancers.Perinearal growth is one of the importcant biological characteristics of pancreatic cancer.Perineural invasion is an independent prognostic indicator of its prognosis.However,the mechanism has not yet completely clear.The pancreatic cancer perineural invasion mechanism research has been the focus of scholars to discuss,however it' s difficult to break through.Therefore,the discussion pancreatic violation of the peripancreatic neural mechanism for early clinical find,early treatment is essential.The mechanisms of pancreatic cancer research,from all kinds of adhesion molecule to the nerve growth factor,related ligand protein path to susceptibility gene expression,have been reported largely,which helps enhance people' s awareness of peripancreatic neural invasion.At the same time,perineural invasion in the early detection of disease,prolonging survival period and improving the quality of life has important significance.Now the progresses of reviews in recent years are discussed as follows.

Objective To explore the key points of diagnosis,treatment and the reasonable surgical methods in 39 cases of pancreas trauma.Methods A retrospective review and analysis the cause and classification of injury,surgical methods of 39 cases of pancreatic trauma in the Department of General Surgery of Affiliated Provinical Hospital of Anhui Medical University during Jan.1990 to Dec.2011.Results In the 39 patients who underwent surgery,38 patients were cured,1 dead duing to craniocerebral injuries,3 patients with complications of pancreatic leakage cured after adequate drainage.Two patients with pancreatic pseudocyst pancreatic pseudocystcyst cured after pancreatic pseudocyst jejunum anastomosis.One patients with traumatic pancreatitis cured after conservative treatment.Conclusions Blunt injury is the most common cause of pancreas trauma.Imaging examination has high value in the early diagnosis of pancreas trauma.The reasonable surgical methods and careful examination during operation can improve the cure rate and reduce the mortality and incidence of complications of pancreatic trauma.If the patient's condition allowed,endoscopy not only contributes to the diagnosis of pancreatic trauma,but is an effective method for treatment of it.