Objective To find a grading method for assisting in evaluating hypoxia degree of patients with pulmonary heart disease non-invasively. Methods To design a quantitative method to score degree of hypoxia of 67 patients with pulmonary heart disease by using acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) as a frame and to make comparative analysis between the grading result and artery blood gas to find the correlation. Results There was a negative correlation between evaluation mark and pH、PaO2、SaO2 and a positive correlation between the evaluation mark and PaCO2, according to statistics. Conclusions Although the grading table of hypoxia evaluation can not substitute blood gas analysis, acting as a non-invasive method to assist in evaluating the hypoxia degree of patients with pulmonary heart disease, it can not only relieve patients' repeated punctuation pain, but also achieve the goal of estimating hypoxia.Consequently the non-invasive method to evaluate hypoxia is of clinical value.

Neuroanatomy knowledge is the key to improve the teaching quality of neurosurgery and anatomy teachers' participation in neurosurgery teaching can obviously improve teaching effect. Combined with case-based teaching, we enabled medical students to master the system knowledge from the basic to the clinical , cultivating their clinical thinking ability and the ability to solve clinical problems. Cooperation between clinical medicine teachers and basic medicine teachers can promote the update of knowledge, work out teaching plans together, and improve the quality of teaching.

BACKGROUND: The tissue-engineered scaffold, as a substitute of autogenous bone graft, plays an important role in bone repair. In the meanwhile, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has obtained more attention because of its accurate adjustment.OBJECTIVE: To review the in vitro or in vivo studies on the 3D-printed scaffolds applied in bone repair, thus providing basis for clinical research.METHODS: The first author searched the PubMed database using the English keywords of tissue engineering, bone,three-dimensional printing, scaffold for pertinent articles addressing 3D-printed tissue-engineered scaffolds.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are plenty of studies on 3D-printed tissue-engineered scaffolds, and recent research focuses on the material selection and surface modification. The appropriate porosity is vital, and with the development of manufacturing technology, each property of the scaffold is improved, and composite materials prevail gradually. All above improvements enhance the mechanical property and promote cell adhesion and proliferation.Furthermore, the surface modification promotes the implant-bone interaction. In vivo and in vitro research both indicate that composite materials with the surface coating of bone induction can improve the scaffold performance and osteogenesis.

Animal model of aged rat nephrotoxicity was induced by i. p. administrationof gentamycin in a dose of 140mg/kg/day. Part of those rats were treated with CordycepsSinensis(CS), Epimedium(Ep) and Astragalus Membranaccus (AM) in form of decoc-tion per Os and others seryed as control. The results were summarized as. 1. The nephro-toxicity of gentamycin was aggrevated with age. CS, Ep and AM are effective drugs inpreventing the tdeular damage caused by gentamycin in rats. The pathological changes ofrenal tuoules of the rat groups which treated with CS, Ep and AM were less severe thanthat of the control. 2. CS, Ep and AM could prevent the decline of renal cortical Na~+-K~+-ATPase activity of aged rat induced by gentamycin.

Studying of atherosclerosis is more than a hundred year.There are many theories about this disease,but now most of us seems to agree with the stress-reponse theory.Heat shock proteins are the products produced at the first stage of atherosclerosis.And someone think that it may have something to do with atherosclerosis.This paper discussed the heat shock proteins and atherosclerosis respectively,and emphasized the relationship between them.

Objective To analyze the effect of Kangfuxin Liquidon on gingiva groove liquid interleukin 1β(IL-1β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), soluble adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM)in fixed orthodontic patients with gingivitis. Methods 96 cases of patients with fixed orthodontic gingivitis consult the draw method were divided into control group and experimental group, 48 cases in each group. The control group were treatedby gums clean, experimental group based on the control group were treattedby Kangfuxin Liquidon. The IL-1β, PGE2, sICAM-1 levels, periodontal status, the grade of swelling and pain, the clinical curative effect were compared between two groups. Results After treatment, the IL-1β, PGE2, sICAM levels of experimental group were lower than the control group (10.54±1.41) ng/L vs.(11.85±1.71)ng/L, (284.62±35.21) ng/L vs.(314.65±39.48)ng/L, (150.49±18.11) μg/L vs.(162.83±20.26) μg/L,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The periodontal status, swelling and pain grading ofexperimental group were better than control group (P<0.05). Theeffective rate of experimental group was higher than the control group (95.83%vs.79.17%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Kangfuxin Liquidon can reduce fixed orthodontic patients with gingivitis gingiva groove IL-1β, PGE2, sICAM-1 levels, improve the periodontal status, relieve swelling and pain, improve the clinical curative effect.

An animal model of hemorrhagic shock is widely applied .It is an important platform to clarify the pathogenic mechanism, develop hemostasis materials , test first aid equipments and filter resuscitation medications .This paper summa-rizes the commonly used animal models of hemorrhagic shock at home and abroad , focusing on animal selection , model cre-ation, influencing factors , and fields of application in order to provide useful reference for model selection and application by medical practitioners and researchers .

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion in treating urinary retention after anorectal operation.Method Forty patients with urinary retention after anorectal operation were randomly allocated to a treatment group and a control group, 20 cases each. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture -moxibustion, and the control group by oral administration of Pyridostigmine bromide tablets. For the two groups, 10 d treatments were taken as a course. Two treatment courses later, the residual urine volume and spontaneous micturition were measured to see the changes, and the clinical efficacies were also compared. Result The total effective rate was 90.0% in the treatment group versus 70.0% in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The residual urine volume was significantly changed after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05). After the intervention, the residual urine volume in the treatment group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.05). After the treatment, the mean spontaneous micturition time was (16.52±3.18)min in the treatment group, versus (41.37±5.63)min in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture-moxibustion is an effective approach in treating urinary retention after anorectal operation, since it can reduce the residual urine volume and shorten the spontaneous micturition duration.

BACKGROUND:Extracel ular vesicles (EVs) are a kind of subcel ular component produced by paracine mechanism including exosomes, microparticles and microvesicles, which have become hotspots in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To review the research status and progress of EVs, especial y in the studies about definition, secreting mechanism, isolation and identification, biological characteristics and functions in diseases as wel as in biomedical research. METHODS:The first author retrieved PubMed and CNKI databases for relative articles published from July 2006 to August 2016. The keywords were“extracel ular vesicles, exosome, microvesicle, microparticle”in English and Chinese, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 44 eligible literatures are enrol ed. Almost al cel s can secrete EVs, which contain a variety of metrocyte-derived bioactive molecules, such as lipids, proteins, mRNAs, microRNA, lncRNA, cicrRNA, and non-coding RNA. These bioactive molecules are encapsulated in EVs or binding with the membrane. EVs are described to be involved in inflammation, immunity, signal transduction, cel survival and apoptosis, angiogenesis, thrombogenesis, and autophagy, which are of great significance to the maintenance of homeostasis and disease progression. Special EVs may be used as new biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of many diseases and serve as novel tools in the fields of antitumor therapy, regenerative medicine, immunoregulation and vaccination and drug delivery. But the molecular mechanisms regulating the secretion of EVs and the specific pathways activated upon EVs interaction with the target cel are not ful y understood. Based on miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA are attracting researchers’ attention.

0.1 mV. The rabbits were randomly divided into 4 equal groups of 12 animals in each group: Ⅰ control group in which normal saline 0.2-0.3 ml?kg-1 was injected through epidural catheter; Ⅱ epidural group in which 1% lidocaine 2-3 mg?kg-1 was injected epidurally; Ⅲ propofol group in which propofol was infused iv at 20 mg ? kg-1 ?h-1 for 30 min; Ⅳ combined epidural-propofol group in which epidural 1% lidocaine and propofol iv were both administered. Blood samples were taken before and 4 h, 8 h after ligation for determination of serum concentrations of myocardial troponin I (cTn I ) and MDA and serum SOD activity.The myocardial tissue was taken from the infarct area for determination of the apoptotic myocyte count (TUNEL) and p53 and Bcl-2 protein expressions (LSAB) . Results In control group serum cTn I and MDA increased and SOD decreased significantly after ligation of LAD. Thoracic epidural anesthesia, propofol iv infusion and especially the combination of them suppressed the increase in serum cTn I and MDA and decrease in serum SOD induced by ligation of LAD.In epidural-propofol group and propofol group the apoptotic myocytes count and p53 protein expression significantly decreased, the Bcl-2 protein expression increased as compared with those in control group. Conclusion Thoracic epidural anesthesia combined with propofol can significantly protect myocardium from injury induced by myocardial infarction. This action is mediated by the depression of myocyte apoptosis and the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals.