OBJECTIVE: To discuss the possibility and prospect of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells of bone tissue engineering. DATA SOURCES: References came from Medline and Embase between January 1980 and December 2005 with the keywords of "umbilical cord blood,mesenchymal stem cell,bone tissue engineering" in English. Besides, CBM and CBMdisc databases were retrieved by computer for the articles of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering published between January 1990 and April 2004 with the same key words in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION: Related articles of culture and identification of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells and the progress of bone tissue engineering. Inclusive criteria: ①basic research of culture and identification of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells, and ②the progress of bone tissue engineering. Exclusive criteria: reduplicative studies. DATA EXTRACTION: There were 47 relevant articles of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells and bone tissue engineering, and 30 were accorded with the inclusive criteria. The excluded 17 were due to the reduplicative contents. DATA SYNTHESIS: Under special conditioned medium, umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells not only could differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic cells, but also transform into nerve cells, liver cells, somatic muscle cells and so on. Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells were safe and easy to obtain from umbilical cord blood, safe to transplant, easy to expand in vitro, stable in biological characteristics, which met the requirements of bone tissue engineering. CONCLUSION: Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells are a promising alternative of ideal seed cells of future bone tissue engineering on the basis of its characteristics.

Objective:To examine the changes of matrix metalloprotein as e-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-2(TIMP-2) in g ingival crevicular fluid(GCF) after periodontal initial treatment of adult perio dontitis pateins. Methods:42 teeth of 42 adult periodontitis pat eins and 42 teeth of 42 periodontal healthy subjects were included.GCF was samp led with filter paper strips by intra-pocket methed. Assays for MMP-2 and TIM P-2 in GCF were performd by ELISA.Results:Levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were higher in patients than that in the controls(P

Objective To investigate the clinical application of pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PICCO) target oriented role monitoring technique on hemodynamics in patients with intractable heart failure.Methods Eighteen patients with intractable heart failure were selected as control group and received regular treatment including internal medicine under monitoring by central venous pressure.Another 18 patients with refractory heart failure were selected as PICCO group and given the internal medicine under PICCO monitoring.Intrathoracic blood volume index(ITBVI),global end diastolic volume index(GEDVI),extravascular lung water index (EVLWI),cardiac index (CFI),N-terminal B type natriuretic peptide precursor(NT-proBNP) and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) were recorded.The data including mortality rate,ventilation time,intensive care time,APACHE Ⅱ score and the re-hospitalization rate were also record at 28th day.Results Compared with before treatment,ITBVI,GEDVI,EVLWI in PICCO group were (1 282.6 ± 196.4) ml/m2,(1 026.8 ±92.1) ml/m2,(12.9 ± 5.5) ml/kg respectively,significant different from that before treatment ((907.4±78.3) ml/m2,t =8.75,P =0.001; (715.2 ±61.8) ml/m2,t =6.48,P =0.003; (6.5 ± 1.2)ml/kg),t =2.94,P =0.033) and they are all back to normal level.The indices of CFI,NT-proBNP,LVEF in PICCO group were improved than before treatment (CFI:(3.1 ±0.5) L/min vs.(4.8 ± 1.3) L/min,t =2.56,P=0.042) ;NT-proBNP:(6 438.3 ±249.5) ng/L vs.(1 371.6 ±87.5) ng/L,t =5.12,P =0.019) ;LVEF:(26.9±3.1)％ vs.(54.3 ±2.5)％,t =2.62,P =0.040)).Mortality at 28th D in PICCO group was 16.7％,lower than that of control group (33.3％,x2 =4.99,P =0.026).The indices of assisted ventilation time,intensive care time,APACHE score of lⅡ and the rehospitalization ratein PICCO group were better than that of the control group ((8.5 ±2.3) dvs.(3.2±0.8) d,t=24.31,P＜0.05;(14.9±2.3) dvs.(8.3 ±2.0)d,t=12.26,P=0.002;(23.4±1.3) vs.(14.7±1.6),t=9.52,P=0.011;38.9％ vs.11.1％; t=5.79,P =0.020).Conclusion PICCO provides effective guidance for intractable heart failure patients hemodynamic monitoring of goal orientation.

Objective To investigate the qualitative diagnosis of salivary gland mass with contrastenhanced ultrasound(CEUS).Methods The CEUS manifestations in 78 cases with salivary gland mass were observed after intravenous bolus injection with contrast agent SonoVue and confirmed by histology.Results Among 78 salivary gland masses,there were 29 cases with pleomorphic adenomas (37.2％),19with Warthin's tumors (24.4 ％),7 with basal cell adenomas (8.9 ％),and 11 with the other benign masses (14.1％),12 with malignant tumors (15.4％).The intensity of contrast-enhanced masses,whether the enhanced mass margin was clear,whether the peripheral enhancement rim was complete and whether the mass was enlarged were the diagnostic criteria to differentiate the benign and malignant tumors.The accuracy,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 87.2％,95.2％,56.3％,89.4％,75.0％ respectively,and the results also displayed positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 2.178,0.085 respectively.Although they presented with the highest incidence among benign tumors,their CEUS manifestations showed remarkable statistical differences when the pleomorphic adenoma was compared with Warthin' s tumor and basal cell adenoma respectively in enhancement intensity(P ＜0.01) while there were no statistical differences between Warthin's tumors and basal cell adenomas (P ＞0.05).Conclusions CEUS manifestations of salivary gland mass were helpful to the differential diagnosis of various salivary gland tumors.

Objective To explore the causes,clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment method of femoral artery pseudoaneurysms (IFPSA) after ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods Ultrasound-guided repair by compression was applied to all cases,of which the failed cases were treated with ultrasound-guided thrombin injection.Results IFPSA was confirmed by ultrasound imaging in 39 cases,18 of which were cured by compression repair,with the average compression duration of (36.78 ± 1.71 )min.Another 21 cases were cured by the thrombin injection,after compression repair failed,with average time for thrombosis (0.33 ± 0.06 )min.All the patients were re-evaluated by ultrasound 24 h after treatment,confirming the successful closure of the pseudoaneurysms.No recurrence of pseudoaneurysm was observed during a half-year post-operative follow-up.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided compression repair and ultrasound-guided thrombin injection into the cavity are safe and effective treatments for femoral arterial pseudoaneurysms after coronary intervention.

Objectives This study was designed to explore the function of ATP binding cassette transporter 1 ( ABCA1) and ApolipoproteinA-I (ApoA-I) in cholesterol reverse transportation ( RCT) , the influence of lovastatin and rosiglitazone on the concentration of cholesterol ( CHO) in THP-1 ( human monocytic leukemia cell line) derived foam cells.Methods LDL from healthy volunteers was obtained by density-gradient ultracentrifugation and was oxidized by incubation with Cu2+ and ox-LDL was identified.Macrophages were induced from THP-1 cell by phorbol ester (PMA).Models of foam cells were built by incubating macrophages with oxLDL.The effect of lovastatin and rosiglitazone on ABCA1 protein expression in THP-1 cell line derived macrophage were detected by western blot Foam cells were divided into 9 groups: control, ApoA-I, lovastatin, rosiglitazone lovastatin + ApoA-I, rosiglitazone + ApoA-I, ABCA1 monoclonal antibody pretreatment + ApoA-I, ABCA1 monoclonal antibody pretreatment + lovastatin + ApoA-I, ABCA1 monoclonal antibody pretreatment + rosiglitazone + ApoA-I.The concentration of intracellular CHO in each group was detected by using cholesterol kit Results As compared with control group, there are no big differences of CHO concentration within the cell of group lovastatin, rosiglitazone, and each ABCA1 monoclonal antibody pretreatment group (P >0.05), but the CHO concentration within the cells of group ApoA-I, lovastatin + ApoA-I, rosiglitazone + ApoA-I decreased obviously as compared with the control (P <0.05), and CHO concentration in group rosiglitazone + ApoA-I have a further decrease than the former two groups ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusions CHO concentration can be descreased in foam cells by cooperation of ABCA1 and ApoA-I mediate cholesterol efflux.Rosiglitazone can enhance this procedure in THP-1 macrophages derived foam cells which means that they can promote ABCA1 mediated cholesterol reverse transportation through improve ABCA1 protein expression.

Chronic refractory pain is an excruciating pain caused by various reasons, which is easily recurrent and barely responded to multiple drugs. It affects more than 10% of the global population and thus causes a huge burden on the society and the economy. With the development of neuroscience, neuromodulation technologies have been well concerned, which guide a novel direction in the treatment of chronic refractory pain. This review summarizes the research progresses on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation, optogenetics and other non-invasive neuromodulations in the treatment of chronic refractory pain.

Objective To study whether specific IL-1B+3954/Taq Ⅰ genotype alleles are associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) in Chinese of the Han nationality. Methods CP group consisted of 66 patients while healthy controls group consisted of 50 subjects. Anti-coagulated peripheral blood sample was obtained from each subject and genomic DNA was extracted from each sample. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at IL-1B+3954/Taq Ⅰ were analyzed by standard polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) assay. Results In the control group,higher numerical values of the A1/A1 genotype were observed for the IL-1B+3954/Taq Ⅰ SNPs (84.0%),and the A2+ genotype was present in 16% of this sample. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups. Conlusion There is no evidence in our study supporting the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-1B+3954/Taq Ⅰ gene and prevalence and/or severity of chronic periodontitis.

Objective To investigate the value of multiple sequential MRI in the differential diagnosis of vater ampulla carcinoma (VPC).Methods MRI data of 53 patients with VPC confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively,which included 17ampullary carcinomas,15 pancreatic head carcinomas,10 duodenal papillary carcinomas and 11 distal common bile duct carcinomas.All patients underwent routine MRI plain scan,MRCP and multi-phase dynamic enhancement scan for the upper abdomen.The morphological characteristics and model of multi-phase dynamic enhancement of the tumor,and the morphological changes of pancreaticobiliary duct were focused,and relevant data were also measured.Results The differences of tumor size,central location,and signal homogeneity among the four different histological types showed statistical significance(P＜0.05),and their patterns of multi-phase dynamic enhancement also had differences.Double-segment sign was most found in VPC (26/53),four-segment sign was easy showed in pancreatic head carcinoma (8/15)and three-segment sign in distal common bile duct carcinoma (8/11).Beak sign was common seen in ampullary carcinoma(10/17),rat-tail sign was easy discovered in pancreatic head carcinoma (7/15) and truncated sign in distal common bile duct carcinoma(10/11).Diameter of major pancreatic duct in pancreatic head carcinoma was maximum and minimum in distal common bile duct carcinoma,and their difference had statistical significance(P＜0.05).Distance between obstructive end of bile common duct and major papilla of duodenum,and between obstructive end of major pancreatic duct and major papilla of duodenum as well as the pancreaticobiliary conjunction angle in pancreatic head carcinoma and distal common bile duct carcinoma were greater than that in ampullary carcinoma and duodenal papillary carcinoma.Conclusion MRI can prominently demonstrate various imaging characteristics of VPC with different histological origins.It is very valuable in the differential diagnosis of VPC with different histological types by comprehensive analysis of these findings.

Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane on activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) during brain injury induced by hemorrhagic shock (HS) in pigs.Methods Thirty-two adult male Bama miniature pigs,aged 6 months,weighing 22-25 kg,were divided into 4 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Sham),HS group,sevoflurane preconditioning group (group Sev-Pre) and sevoflurane postconditioning group (group Sev-Post).The animals were anesthetized,and tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated.In group Sham,the bilateral femoral arteries and internal jugular veins were only cannulated.HS was induced by removing 40％ of blood volume within 15 min (30 ml/kg) via the right femoral artery and maintaining at this level for 1 h before resuscitation in HS,Sev-Pre and Sev-Post groups.In group Sev-Pre,2％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 30 min,and then HS was induced.In group Sev-Post,2％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 30 min starting from the time point immediately after HS was induced.Immediately before establishment of the model and at 30,60,90,120,180 and 240 min of HS (T1-6),blood samples from the jugular vein were collected for determination of serum interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay.At 4 h of HS,the rats were sacrificed,and brains were removed for microscopic examination of hippocampal CA1 region (using haematoxylin and eosin staining) and for determination of the expression of NF-κB in nucleoprotein (by Western blot).Results Compared with group Sham,the concentrations of serum IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly increased at T2-6,and the expression of NF-κB in nucleoprotein in hippocampal CA1 region was up-regulated in HS,Sev-Pre and Sev-Post groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group HS,the concentrations of serum IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly decreased at T3-6,and the expression of NF-κB in nucleoprotein in hippocampal CA1 region was down-regulated in Sev-Pre and Sev-Post groups (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between group SevPre and group Sev-Post in concentrations of serum IL-1β and TNF-α and expression of NF-κB in nucleoprotein in hippocampal CA1 region (P＞0.05).The pathologic changes were significantly attenuated in SevPre and Sev-Post groups as compared with group HS.Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane attenuates brain injury induced by HS may be related to inhibition of NF-κB activation and reduction of inflammatory responses in pigs.