The differentiation of stem cells into target cells in a particular region is an important prerequisite for the organ construction and tissue engineering. The processes are multi-directionally regulated by the surface properties of biomaterials, and among them the influences of mechanical rigidity and surface morphology of biomaterials on morphological characteristics, focal adhesion assemblies, and cytoskeletal structure of cells are considered to be the most important factors in regulating the differentiation of stem cells into specific cell lineages. This review summarizes the progresses on this topic in the past few years, which may provide a reference to the design of the biomaterials in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Biocompatible Materials ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Humans ; Musculoskeletal System ; cytology ; metabolism ; Regenerative Medicine ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Surface Properties ; Tissue Engineering

With the development of medicine and health,the experts who have a good command of medicine and law are in great social need,so the major of medical law was introduced.This article,based on the experience and construction of medical law major in Kunming Medical College,put forward that the major of medical law must establish the cultivation goals curriculum system and projects of internship.It emphasizes the approaches to improving the students' knowledge of Arts and comprehensive abilities.

Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death,is a normal process contributing to tissue tumor during development and in the adult.During development apoptosis is involved in tissue homeostasis and eliminating nonfunctional,superfluous or harmful cells.It is an active process controlled by some gene and factors such as caspases, bcl-2, Fas/FasL and NO.Type 1 diabetes mellitus is regarded as a chronic autoimmune disease resulting from progressive destruction of insulin-producing ?-cells in the pancreas.The relationship between apoptosis with its modulation and type 1 diabetes mellitus was reviwed.

Objective To investigate the results of hearing screening in newborns and infants so as to explore the appropriate clinical strategy of hearing screening among newborns and infants. Methods Transiently evoked otoacoustic emission(TEOAE) was used to examine the hearing of newborns and infants. Those who fail the initial screening underwent secondary screening with TEOAE. Acoustic brain-stem response(ABR) was used to monitor the hearing of those who failed the secondary screening. Results A total of 6 150 infants were taken hearing screening but only 5 597(91%) passed the first screen,A total of 103 newborns were hearing screening but only 93(90. 29%)for the first screen. Conclusion Hearing screening in the procedure with TEOAE helps identify infants with hearing loss as early as possible so as to conduct appropriate intervention and pormote development of speech and language.

Objective: To observe the effects of Astragalus injection, astragaloside IV and formononetin on proliferation and Akt phosphorylation of basal-like human breast carcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231. Methods: The effects of different concentrations of Astragalus injection, astragaloside IV and formononetin on proliferation of breast cancer cell lines were assayed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and their effects on phospho-Akt were assayed by in-cell Western blot method. Results: The results of the MTT assay showed that the best concentrations of Astragalus injection, astragaloside IV, formononetin and astragaloside IV plus formononetin were 1 g/mL, 80 mug/mL, 40 mug/mL and 10 mug/mL plus 40 mug/mL respectively. After 1- or 2-day culture, Astragalus injection, astragaloside IV, formononetin and astragaloside IV plus formononetin decreased the expressions of p-Akt (Thr 308) and p-Akt (Ser 473) in MDA-MB-468 cells. Formononetin and astragaloside IV plus formononetin down-regulated the expression of p-Akt (Thr 308) protein in MDA-MB-231 cells after 1- and 2-day culture, but had no effects on the expression of p-Akt (Ser 473) protein in MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusion: Astragalus injection, astragaloside IV and formononetin can inhibit proliferation of breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231, and the antiproliferation effects vary according to their concentrations. And the antiproliferation mechanisms may be related to their down-regulation effects on Akt phosphorylation.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of procalcitonin (PCT),pre-albumin (PA)and white blood cell (WBC)detections in children infectious diseases.Methods 116 children inpatients of infectious diseases in our hospital were select-ed for conducting the study and divided into the non-bacterial infection group (56 cases)and the bacterial infection group (60 cases) according to the different pathogenic microorganisms.Other 64 children with healthy physical examination in the outpatient depart-ment were taken as the control group.The blood PCT,PA levels and WBC count were detected in 3 groups,and which before and after treatment in the bacterial infection group were detected.The differences in PCT,PA levels and WBC count were compared a-mong the groups.Results The blood PCT level and WBC count in the bacterial infection group and the non-bacterial infection group were all higher than that in the control group,while the PA level in the bacterial infection group was lower than that in the non-bacterial infection group and the control group,the differences had statistical significance (P <0.05);the PCT level and WBC count after treatment in the bacterial infection groups were lower than those before treatment,while the PA level after treatment was higher than that before treatment with statistical difference (P <0.05).Conclusion The detection of PCT,PA and WBC count can be used as the indexes for diagnosing infectious diseases in children,and provides reference for the judgment of prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between the change in Toll-like receptor expression and prognosis of severe viral hapatitsis.METHODS The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated and the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA was observed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The level of serum endotoxin was measured by chromogenic substrate Limulus amebocyte lysate assay.The data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software.RESULTS The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and the level of serum endotoxin of death group before therapy were lightly higher than that of survival group,but after therapy that of death group is higher than survival group(P

Objective To explore a new way of treating refractory residual gallstones by endoscopy. Methods Choledochfiberscope(CHF) combined with air pressure ballistic lithoclast(APBL) under ureterscopy were used on 28 cases of large or impacted residual gallstones. Results All refractory stones were crushed and extracted completely in 1 3 times, including sufficient once in 16, twice in 10 and thrice in 2. No severe complications were occurred in this series. Conclusions This procedure is a safe, effective, simplicity, less complication and no heat injury methods. It is proved to be a new way of treating refractory residual gallstones, especially for large or impacted lithiasis. It is worthy for clinical application widely in the future.

Objective To investigate the effect of ectopic pregnancy tubal resection or common disease retention on female reproductive endocrine and menstrual traits.Methods 286 patients with ectopic pregnancy lapa-roscopic operation were selected.According to the different treatment methods,the patients were divided into resection group (n =199),retention group 87 cases,in surgical operation on the third day and the thirtieth day and tested for female reproductive hormone (P,LH,FSH,E2 )and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Results Resection group in the third day after surgery of FSH[(8.5 ±4.9)IU /mL]was significantly higher than that of preserving group[(3.9 ± 0.9)IU /mL],with significant difference (t =5.44,P <0.05),the amounts of LH,E2 ,P and HCG were insignificant (t =0.56,1.24,0.82,all P >0.05).30 days after the surgery,there was no significant difference between the two groups in FSH,LH,E2 ,P and HCG (t =0.92,0.77,1.02,0.65,all P >0.05),but at the age of more than 40 years old and bilateral absence of fallopian tube in patients with,menorrhagia and menstrual cycle change obviously,and female ovarian endocrine function to reduce the clinical symptoms.Conclusion Tube resection has some influence on the ovarian function of tubal ectopic pregnancy,especially older,lack of bilateral fallopian tube.

Clinic genetic testing have make rapid progress in recent years , and have been widely applicated in genetic disease diagnosis , infection disease diagnosis and personalized treatment .The aim of this article is to pay attention to the ethical issues raised by genetic testing .The important ethical problems are proposed accompany with prenatal , adolescent, and adult genetic testing respectively .We should adopt responsible best ethical practices in the provision of genetic testing , promote the widely application of gene detection in clinic orderly.