ObjectiveTo summarize and investigate the occurrence,clinical features and treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy.Methods33 cases of cesarean scar pregnancy were retrospectively analyzed.Results10 cases of vaginal massive hemorrhage after uterine curettage,9 cases of subtotal hysterectomy,1 case was cured by MTX treatment,13 cases were cured by conservative treatment of uterine curettage after chemotherapy treatment,10 cases of successful uterus-saving by excision of lesion and uterine repair.ConclusionTransvaginal sonography was an important method in diagnosis of cesarean scar pregnancy and,the key to success was to select the appropriate individual treatment according to classification by transvaginal sonography.

Objective　To explore a new way of treating refractory residual gallstones by endoscopy. Methods　Choledochfiberscope(CHF) combined with air pressure ballistic lithoclast(APBL) under ureterscopy were used on 28 cases of large or impacted residual gallstones. Results　All refractory stones were crushed and extracted completely in 1-3 times, including sufficient once in 16, twice in 10 and thrice in 2. No severe complications were occurred in this series. Conclusions　This procedure is a safe, effective, simplicity, less complication and no heat injury methods. It is proved to be a new way of treating refractory residual gallstones, especially for large or impacted lithiasis. It is worthy for clinical application widely in the future.

BACKGROUND:Great saphenous vein is the most common vascular material in coronary artery bypass grafting, however, the graft neointimal hyperplasia and subsequent atherosclerosis result in angiostegnosis, which affect the long-term efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pathophysiology and mechanism of the angiostenosis, additionally, to construct smooth muscle cell specific SM22a promoter and SMHC enhancer. METHODS: The database of PubMed, HighWire and CNKI were retrieved with key words of "SM22α promoter, SMHC enhancer, stenosis, Pi3k and RNAi/RNA interference". The language was confined to English and Chinese. The literatures correlated with angiostenosis, VSMC-specific SM22α promoter and enhancer were selected. The reviews and overlapped researches were excluded. In vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis of graft neointimal hyperplasia, as well as the extent of graft thrombosis were considered as evaluation index. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: More than 8 730 literatures were searched by the computer. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the SM22α promoter and angiostenosis were analyzed. The neointimal hyperplasia and thrombosis had a strong impact on prospective efficacy after coronary artery bypass grafting. The PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway was a crucial signal passage which regulated cell proliferation and migration. RNA interference targeting Pik3cb can efficiently suppress the neointimal hyperplasia through down regulating the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. The shRNA eukaryon expression plasmid vectors targeting rat Pik3cb were constructed using VSMC-specific SM22α promoter. On the one hand, it can suppress the neointimal hyperplasia, and on the other, it can prevent the occurrence of thrombosis.SM22a is a specific gene in vascular smooth muscle cell. The studies that applied VSMC-specific SM22α promoter/enhancer to vascular grafting provide a new strategy to prevent angiostenosis and thrombosis.

Objective To investigate the results of hearing screening in newborns and infants so as to explore the appropriate clinical strategy of hearing screening among newborns and infants. Methods Transiently evoked otoacoustic emission(TEOAE) was used to examine the hearing of newborns and infants. Those who fail the initial screening underwent secondary screening with TEOAE. Acoustic brain-stem response(ABR) was used to monitor the hearing of those who failed the secondary screening. Results A total of 6 150 infants were taken hearing screening but only 5 597(91%) passed the first screen,A total of 103 newborns were hearing screening but only 93(90. 29%)for the first screen. Conclusion Hearing screening in the procedure with TEOAE helps identify infants with hearing loss as early as possible so as to conduct appropriate intervention and pormote development of speech and language.

With the development of medicine and health,the experts who have a good command of medicine and law are in great social need,so the major of medical law was introduced.This article,based on the experience and construction of medical law major in Kunming Medical College,put forward that the major of medical law must establish the cultivation goals curriculum system and projects of internship.It emphasizes the approaches to improving the students' knowledge of Arts and comprehensive abilities.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of selenium chitosan on differentiation of HL60 cells and its relationship with the c-myc and c-fos protein expression of cells. METHODS:HL60 cells were divided into 5 groups,i.e. 25 mg?L-1 selenium chitosan group,50 mg?L-1 selenium chitosan group,100 mg?L-1 selenium chitosan group,blank control group and positive control group (dimethy sulfoxide). The differentiation of HL60 cells was measured by NBT-reduced method after administration and amount of positive cells was detected. FCM was used to examine the c-myc and c-fos protein expression of cells. RESULTS:As compared with blank control group,differentiation effect of selenium chitosan groups were similar to that of positive control group; NBT-reduced positive cells were increased while c-myc protein expression of cells was decreased(P

Clinic genetic testing have make rapid progress in recent years , and have been widely applicated in genetic disease diagnosis , infection disease diagnosis and personalized treatment .The aim of this article is to pay attention to the ethical issues raised by genetic testing .The important ethical problems are proposed accompany with prenatal , adolescent, and adult genetic testing respectively .We should adopt responsible best ethical practices in the provision of genetic testing , promote the widely application of gene detection in clinic orderly.

Objective To identify and clone rat aging-related genes to provide clues for human aging mechanism. Methods Improved different display reverse transcript-PCR method was applied to identify differentially expressed genes in cortex tissues of 4-month and 24-month old BALB/c mouse. Results Forty-two cDNA fragments with differential expression were identified, and 21 with increase and 21 with decrease of expression in old mice. Among them, 17 represented genes with known protein function, 12 represented known gene sequences but their protein function was unknown, and the other 13 probably belonged to new cDNAs. Among the genes with known protein function, 2 genes were associated with oxidative stress, 3 with energy production, and 4 with protein metabolism, respectively. Additionally, gene expression alterations were also found in those related to cell apoptosis, neurodegenerative disorder, and growth and development regulation. Conclusions Rat aging might be related with the alteration of oxidative stress status, energy production and protein metabolism.

Objective To investigate the effect of ectopic pregnancy tubal resection or common disease retention on female reproductive endocrine and menstrual traits.Methods 286 patients with ectopic pregnancy lapa-roscopic operation were selected.According to the different treatment methods,the patients were divided into resection group (n =199),retention group 87 cases,in surgical operation on the third day and the thirtieth day and tested for female reproductive hormone (P,LH,FSH,E2 )and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Results Resection group in the third day after surgery of FSH[(8.5 ±4.9)IU /mL]was significantly higher than that of preserving group[(3.9 ± 0.9)IU /mL],with significant difference (t =5.44,P <0.05),the amounts of LH,E2 ,P and HCG were insignificant (t =0.56,1.24,0.82,all P >0.05).30 days after the surgery,there was no significant difference between the two groups in FSH,LH,E2 ,P and HCG (t =0.92,0.77,1.02,0.65,all P >0.05),but at the age of more than 40 years old and bilateral absence of fallopian tube in patients with,menorrhagia and menstrual cycle change obviously,and female ovarian endocrine function to reduce the clinical symptoms.Conclusion Tube resection has some influence on the ovarian function of tubal ectopic pregnancy,especially older,lack of bilateral fallopian tube.

Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death,is a normal process contributing to tissue tumor during development and in the adult.During development apoptosis is involved in tissue homeostasis and eliminating nonfunctional,superfluous or harmful cells.It is an active process controlled by some gene and factors such as caspases, bcl-2, Fas/FasL and NO.Type 1 diabetes mellitus is regarded as a chronic autoimmune disease resulting from progressive destruction of insulin-producing ?-cells in the pancreas.The relationship between apoptosis with its modulation and type 1 diabetes mellitus was reviwed.