Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Emergencies ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Infection Control ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Premature Birth ; prevention & control ; Risk Factors

Brain Injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; surgery ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; transplantation

Microorganisms can affect the development of body immune system.Intestinal flora regulate immune function by promoting the intestinal immune system development,inducing T cell differentiation to avoid or reduce the incidence of immune-related diseases.Allergic diseases are related with the body's immune system hypoplasia and imperfect immune regulation mechanism.The immune system can be affected by intestinal flora,and the distribution of flora in the body between children with allergies and healthy children are significantly different,indicating that the occurrence of allergic diseases are associated with intestinal microflora.Studies have reported probiotic are helpful to the prevention and treatment of allergic disease,providing a new way for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.

Based on clinical features of refractory diseases and clinical practice experience for many years,the author expounded the therapeutic strategies from establishing individualized system of differentiation treatment,treatment strategies of refractory diseases,and the key for medication,and emphasized individual concerned therapy,separating primary and secondary treatment and grasping the physiological state to treat pathological changes.Thus complicated and changeable diseases can be treated clinically.

Objective To investigate the expression differences of β‐catenin ,Her‐2/Neu and ki‐67 in different pathological features of gastric cancer and their role in the occurrence ,progression ,invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer invasion and metas‐tasis .Methods The expression of β‐catenin ,ki‐67 and Her‐2/Neu in 150 gastric cancer tissue samples(observation group) and 70 normal gastric mucosal samples were detected by adopting the immunohistochemistry method ,and the relationship between the ex‐pression of β‐catenin ,ki‐67 and Her‐2/Neu with the pathological features of gastric cancer was analyzed .Results Theβ‐catenin ,ki‐67 and Her‐2/Neu positive rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ2 =30 .51 ,63 .74 , 11 .38 ,P<0 .01);the differentiation degree affected the expression of β‐catenin ,ki‐67 and Her‐2/Neu expression (χ2 =15 .82 ,8 .61 , 8 .11 ,P<0 .01);the lymph node metastasis affected the expression of ki‐67 and β‐catenin (χ2 = 6 .26 ,P< 0 .05;χ2 = 7 .36 ,P<0 .01);the invasion depth affected the expression of β‐catenin and ki‐67(χ2 =11 .34 ,P<0 .01);TMN affected the expression of ki‐67 and Her‐2/Neu(χ2 = 10 .85 ,14 .24 ,P< 0 .01);the β‐catenin and ki‐67 expression showed positive correlation .Conclusion β‐catenin ,ki‐67 and Her‐2/Neu may reflect the proliferation ,invasion and metastasis situation of tumor cells and their detection con‐duces to the judgment of prognosis .

Objective To study the relationship between the co‐expression levels of inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS)and CD28 on peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and Behcet’s disease(BD).Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression levels of ICOS and CD28 on peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of BD patients(n=22) ,including those with active BD(ABD ,n= 14)and stable BD(SBD ,n= 8) ,and of normal subjects(n= 22).Results The proportion of CD28+ ICOS+ CD4+ T cells was significantly increased in ABD patients when compared with normal subjects [(34.72 ± 12.87)% vs.(25.36 ± 8.24)% ,P<0.05].No significant difference was found in the proportion of CD28+ ICOS+ CD8+ T cells [(9.32 ± 4.57)% vs.(7.24 ± 3.36)% ,P>0.05]between the two groups.The proportions of CD28-ICOS+ CD4+ T cells and CD28-ICOS+CD8+ T cells were both obviously increased in ABD patients when compared with those in normal subjects[(2.54 ± 1.63)% vs.(0.76 ± 0.25)% for CD28- ICOS+ CD4+ T cells ,P< 0.05;(8.79 ± 3.41)% vs.(3.04 ± 1.25)% for CD28-ICOS+CD8+ T cells ,P<0.05].Conclusion The increased expression level of ICOS on peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is not closely associated with the expression of CD28 to some extent in BD patients ,suggesting that cells expressing only ICOS play an important role in the development of BD.

With the neonatal intensive care techniques developing,the survival rate of preterm infants has increased markedly.However,these survival preterm infants are extremely vulnerable to develop various diseases,of which brain injury is the most important cause of the disability in preterm infants.At present,encephalopathy of prematurity,the incidence of which is rarely reported in domestic and national reports,mainly refers to white matter injury (WMI).This article reviews the different domestic and national reports about the incidence of encephalopathy of prematurity.

Programmed death1 (PD-1) is mainly expressed on the surface of activated T cell. The combination between PD-1 and its legends PD-L1/PD-L2 activate downstream signaling pathways and negatively regulate T cell activation. Ab?normal increase expression of PD-L1 on tumor cell surface mediates the tumor immune escape. Inhibition of PD-1 signaling pathway contributes to antitumor effect of T cells. The development of this pathway inhibitors has become a hot spot for tu?mor immunotherapy. This article expounds the progress about antitumor effects mediated by PD-1 pathway inhibition from experiments in vivo or in vitro and clinical development of PD-1 pathway inhibitors, providing a new target for cancer immu?notherapy and theoretical and clinical basis for the clinical application of immunotherapy with traditional therapy methods.

To study the fingerprints of liposoluble components in Salvia yunnanensis roots collected from different habi-tats, and compare with the fingerprints of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods: The fingerprints were determined by HPLC and the results were analyzed by a similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprints of TCM ( Version 2004 A) . Results:The fingerprints of different samples of Salvia yunnanensis roots showed high similarity. And the characteristic peaks in the fingerprints of the liposoluble components were basically the same as those of Salvia miltiorrhiza, while the contents of several main effective components were lower than those in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Conclusion: The liposoluble components in Salvia yunnanensis roots show relatively high similarity with those in Salvia miltiorrhiza, however, there are obvious differences in the contents of the main constituents.

Calorie restriction has been in use since 1900s as a therapy for obesity and type 2 diabetes. There are many modifications and progress in the forms, indications, effects, and safety of calorie restriction following a history over 100 years. However, controversies also arise such as the effect between intermittent calorie restriction vs daily calorie restriction, low fat diet vs low carbohydrate diet and low calorie diet. Therefore, more evidence-based data from high quality studies as RCT trials are needed for determining the optimal individualized calorie restriction regimen. Furthermore, calorie restriction mimetics is recently becoming an exciting research field for scientists and companies.