Drag-loaded nanoparticle is a new delivery cartier of drug and biomacromoleculc,which have many fortes such as target ability,permeability,controlled release ability and function of promoting cell differentiation.Polypeptide combined nanoparticles can deliver drugs to the targeted tissues by conjugating with specific ligands.Growth factor combined nanoparticles may have better curative effect by maintaining the activity of the growth factors longer.Nanoparticles can effectively deliver genes to the cells in the injured tissue for the enhancemem of the specific function of the cells.Three dimension nanometer fibrous structure combined with nanoparticle based drug delivery could significantly promote the growth of the cell.Magnetic nanoparticles are widely used for the targeted delivery of drugs or genes and separation of biomolecules.Drug loaded nanoparticles have been increasinsly used in tissue enginerring which have shown a tremendous potential.In the present paper,we reviewed the application of drug-loaded nanoparticles in the field of tissue engineering.

The phrenic and accessory phrenic nerves of 180 cadavers of Chinese children were studied.It was found that the highest rate of the accessory phrenic nerve may be up to 73.8%.There is no significant difference between the two sides or the two sexes.The branches of the accessory phrenic nerve vary from 1—4,among which the single branch type is the most common one (76.1%).They have their origin from C_3 to C_(4—6).A few of them may arise from the ansa hypoglossi and supra- scapular nerve.Accessory nerve,therefore,is more related to the brachial plexus rather than the cervical plexus.It was found that there is a close relationship between the origin of the accessory phrenic nerve and its positional and connectional relation with its main trunk.The nerve originated from the brachial plexus and its branches is located at the lateral side of the main trunk and usually forms a lower connection with it.That comes from the cervical plexus and its branches is usually located at the medial side of the main trunk and forms a higher connection (above the subclavian vein,35.9%) with it.The accessory nerve comes from the lower part of the cervical plexus and upper part of the brachial plexux is at first located at the lateral side and,finally,after crossed over anteriorly or posteriorly,joins the medial side of the main trunk (posterior to the subclavian vein, 7.8%).Based upon the number of branches,the phrenic and accessory nerves can be grouped into 5 types.The tirst type that is with the phrenic nerve proper alone,(43.1%) and the second type that is 1 phrenic nerve and 1 accessory phrenic nerve (43.3%) are the standard types in the Chinese.

A 4-year-old girl presented with generalized papules, erythema, desquamation, subcuta-neousnodules around large joints, as well as a 3-year-history of progressive eye damage. Three months after her birth, papules developed on the lower limbs, and gradually spread to involve the whole body. Eye damage appeared after a high fever and she was diagnosed with keratoleukoma, old iritis, and posterior synechia. Physical examination revealed sharply demarcated corneal opacity, shallow anterior chamber, obscure irides, and posterior synechia; pupils were not round. No superficial lymphadenectasis was observed. Dermatological examination showed ichthyosis-like coarse skin with generalized papules, erythema and desquamation, increased wrinkles and absence of sweat. Skin temperature was higher than normal. There were soft, irregu-larly sized, non-tender, movable subcutaneous masses at the wrist, ankle and knee joints without inflamma-tion or warmth. Type-B uitrasonography of both eyes disclosed vitreous opacification, posterior detachment of vitreous, extravasation at the posterior vitreous membrane, and decreased intraocular pressure. Histopathology of lesions on the back, waist, and back of hands as well as subcutaneous nodules on the wrists showed epidermal acanthosis and infiltration with a large number of histiocytes, foam cells and multi-nucleated giant cells in the dermis. No abnormal findings were observed from other examinations. This case was diagnosed as Blau syndrome, which is an autosomal dominant inherited disease; currently, there is no effective therapy for it.

Objective To evaluate the effect of trimetazidine in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with impaired systolic function. Methods There were 90 cases in total, and were divided into two groups randomly: 42patients took conventional therapy,and 48 patients took trimetazidine additionally. Plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD) were measured before and after trimetazidine therapy at 6 months, 12 months. Results Compared to conventional therapy group, LVEF, LVEDD and BNP were significantly improved in the trimetazidine group (P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Trimetazidine additional to conventional therapy might improve heart function and reverse ventricles reconstitution in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with impaired systolic function.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal ; pathology ; Humans ; Prognosis

Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation,histone post-translational modifications,non-coding RNA are reversible,heritable alterations which are induced by environmental stimuli.Major risk factors of diabetes and diabetic complications including hyperglycemia,oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products,can lead to abnormal epigenetic modifications in retinal vascular endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelium cells.Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of macular edema and neovascularization of diabetic retinopathy (DR),as well as diabetic metabolic memory.The heritable nature of epigenetic marks also plays a key role in familial diabetes mellitus.Further elucidation of epigenetic mechanisms in DR can open the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets to prevent DR progression.

The study of cases with T2DM(n=60) and normal control(n=46) showed that T2DM group exhibited the higher level of leptin and lower level of soluble leptin receptor than did(normal) control.

In harmony with our previous observation that, when compared with omnivorous rats (Diet 299), the blood vessels of the eye of our vegetarian rats (Diet 41 A) appeared lighter in color, it was found that both the hemoglobin content and the red count of the vegetarians are lower. Statistical analysis showed that the differences are significant. The hemoglobin content of the blood of the vegetarian females approached the lowest normal value, 12% and the red counts of the older vegetarians were all below the lowest normal level, 7 million per mm3 of blood. It was concluded, therefore, that our vegetarian rats were anemic.The white counts of these two groups of rats, on the other hand, showed no significant difference and were all within the range of normal accepted values.In comparison with the omnivorous rats, long bones of the vegetarians rats were shorter and thicker. Both the size of their marrow cavity and the amount of bone marrow were greatly reduced. In fact, femurs of 1-year old vegetarians no longer showed any marrow cavity. It seems probable that the anemia of our vegetarian rats was connected with the change in hematopoetic activity of their long bones.

Objective: To examine the effects of four organic acids (OA), namely chlorogenic acid (CHA), ascorbic acid (AA), citric acid (CA) and malic acid (MA), on monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and monocyte colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), as well as on antioxidant function in human vascular endothelial cells (EC). Methods: Original human umbilical vein EC were cultured and incubated for 12 h respectively with ox-LDL, in the presence of CHA, AA, CA and MA at different concentrations(10, 20, 40 mg/L), to study the protective effect on human vascular EC and its mechanism . Results: (1) TBARS value of oxLDL group was 14.85 times higher than that of normal LDL group which was not different with blank group. TBARS values of the OA+oxLDL group were lower at different extents when compared with ox-LDL group, showing dose-effect response. The inhibitory effects of CHA and AA were better than those of CA and MA. (2) MCP-1 and M-CSF of ox-LDL group were higher than those of blank group. Both MCP-1 and M-CSF of OA+ox-LDL groups statistically decreased when compared with ox-LDL group; MCP-1 and M-CSF of single CHA or AA (40 mg/L)group were lower than those of blank group respectively. Conclusion: The protective effects of OA on human vascular EC were contributed to their antioxidant activities, probably through MCP-1 and M-CSF .

Since functional visual acuity(FVA) was put foward,it is regraded as a kind of functional vision examination which can well reflect an individual' s performance in relation to certain daily activities involving visual tasks,the concept and the measurement is updating with the progress of technology.This examination was first applied in the patients with dry eye,and now it's applicable to detect and evaluate the refractive error,cataract,retinal pathological changes,or the eyedrops' use,and it can provide evidences for the early dignosis or the effects of thraphy of some ocular disease.In this paper,an introduction of the concept,methods and system of FVA,the clinical application of FVA in dry eye,refractive error,cataract,and in patients with fundus diseases and the research progress were reviewed.