Mammalian target of rapamycin( mTOR) is a key reg-ulator of aging and aging-related diseases. Rapamycin ( RAPA) induces and promotes the process of cell autophagy through in-hibiting mTOR pathway. Autophagy exerts a crucial role in main-taining the cellular meostasis, which provides essential materials for cell reconstruction, regeneration and repair via degradating the redundant, damaged, or senescent proteins and organelles. Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome ( HGPS ) patients are al-ways accompanied with abnormally accumulated progerin in cells. Similar to HGPS, abnormal protein accumulation is the common pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases, in-cluding Huntington′s disease, Parkinson′s disease, Alzheimer′s disease and so on. Degradation of these abnormal proteins pre-dominantly depends on cell autophagy. Thus, rapamycin is a po-tential anti-aging drug for HGPS and aging-related diseases thera-py. This view focuses on the effects of rapamycin on cell autoph-agy and clinical application in HGPS and neurodegenerative dis-eases.

【Objective】To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of Aikeqing Capsule(AC) combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIS).【Methods】Eighteen AIDS patients were equally randomized into two groups.Both of Groups A and B were given HAART,and group A received AC additionally.T lymphocyte subtypes were detected,scores of symptoms and signs and scores of symptoms and tongue feature as well as pulse condition were counted,body weight was examined and quality of life was evaluated with Karnovsky score before treatment and after treatment for 3 months and 6 months.Meanwhile,blood routine analysis,hepatic function,renal function and serum amylase content were examined to evaluate the safety of AC.【Results】After treatment,T lymphocytes subtypes were improved in the two groups(P0.05).In group A,symptoms and signs scores decreased(P

Phase separation is an important mechanism that mediates the compartmentalization of proteins in cells. Proteins that can undergo phase separation in cells share certain typical sequence features, like intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and multiple modular domains. Sequence-based analysis tools are commonly used in the screening of these proteins. However, current phase separation predictors are mostly designed for IDR-containing proteins, thus inevitably overlook the phase-separating proteins with relatively low IDR content. Features other than amino acid sequence could provide crucial information for identifying possible phase-separating proteins:pro-tein–protein interaction (PPI) networks show multivalent interactions that underlie phase separation process; post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial in the regulation of phase separation behavior;spherical structures revealed in immunofluorescence (IF) images indicate condensed dro-plets formed by phase-separating proteins, distinguishing these proteins from non-phase-separating proteins. Here, we summarize the sequence-based tools for predicting phase-separating proteins and highlight the importance of incorporating PPIs, PTMs, and IF images into phase separation prediction in future studies.

Uncovering the risk factors of pulmonary hypertension and its mechanisms is crucial for the prevention and treatment of the disease.In the current study,we showed that experimental periodontitis,which was established by ligation of molars followed by orally smearing subgingival plaques from patients with periodontitis,exacerbated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice.Mechanistically,periodontitis dysregulated the pulmonary microbiota by promoting ectopic colonization and enrichment of oral bacteria in the lungs,contributing to pulmonary infiltration of interferon gamma positive(IFNγ+)T cells and aggravating the progression of pulmonary hypertension.In addition,we identified Prevotella zoogleoformans as the critical periodontitis-associated bacterium driving the exacerbation of pulmonary hypertension by periodontitis,and the exacerbation was potently ameliorated by both cervical lymph node excision and IFNγ neutralizing antibodies.Our study suggests a proof of concept that the combined prevention and treatment of periodontitis and pulmonary hypertension are necessary.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for delayed postoperative ileus(PPOI)in colon cancer patients undergoing complete laparoscopic right hemicolectomy combined with intraperitoneal thermal perfusion chemotherapy(HIPEC),and establish a risk prediction model.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the case data of 68 colon canc-er patients who underwent complete laparoscopic right hemicolectomy combined with HIPEC at the Department of General Surgery,the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2018 to January 2021.The incidence of PPOI was statistically analyzed,and its risk factors were analyzed.A nomogram of risk prediction model was constructed and the effectiveness was verified.Results Among the 83 patients,26 cases(31.3％)developed PPOI.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes(OR=14.820,95％CI:2.819-77.918),previous abdominal surgery(OR=6.514,95％CI:1.433-29.604),preoperative Hb＜9 g/L(OR=5.338,95％CI:1.197-23.809),intraoperative hemorrhage more than 200 mL(OR=4.869,95％CI:1.213-19.544),and not close the mesangial hiatal(OR=5.462,95％CI:1.408-21.186)were the risk factors for PPOI.Based on the results of multiva-riate analysis,a risk prediction model for ROC curve and PPOI nomogram was constructed.The internal validation consistency index(C-index)was 0.85(95％CI:0.735-0.957).Conclusion The risk factors for PPOI after complete laparoscopic right hemicolec-tomy combined with HIPEC are diabetes,previous abdominal surgery,preoperative Hb＜9 g/L,intraoperative hemorrhage more than 200 mL,and failure to close the mesangial hiatal.The constructed nomogram of risk prediction model for PPOI after complete laparo-scopic right hemicolectomy has a good evaluating effect and clinical application value.

Background and objectiveAdenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare subtype of lung cancer, it is mixed glandular and squamous cell carcinoma with a more aggressive behavior and poor prognosis than the other histologic subtypes. hTe aim of the study was to explore the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of ASC.Methods A total of 72 patients were enrolled. We investigated clinicalpathological features and prognostic factors retrospectively.Results hTe overall 72 ASC patients’ median age was 34.7 months, 5-year survival rate was 14.9%. hTe inlfuence of tumor size, M stage, and N stage, gene mutation and surgery on the prognosis of patients show statistical signiifcance.Conclusion ASC is charac-terized by both histologic aggressiveness and adverse prognosis. We suggest the comprehensive therapy based on surgery, and given small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treatment may prolong patients’ overall survival.

Cranio-cervical junction (CVJ) anomalies encompass a spectrum of bone,soft tissue,and neural structural abnormalities,including basilar invagination,platybasia,atlantoaxial dislocation,tonsillar herniation,and occipito-cervical fusion.Given the frequent coexistence of these anomalies and the intricate anatomical variations involved,precise imaging techniques and evaluation parameters are crucial for accurate disease characterization and treatment assessment.Since the 1930s,various parameters,such as the McRae line,Chamberlain line,Wackenheim line,and clivo-axial angle,have been widely employed for evaluating basilar invagination and platybasia.The advent of MRI and CT has further expanded the repertoire of parameters,including sagittal tilt,coronal tilt,medullary spinal angle,and intricate multi-axis evaluation systems.In this review,we summarize the relevant imaging parameters and their corresponding measurement techniques from previous literature,emphasizing high-sensitivity,consistent,and evidence-based parameters.This study aims to provide valuable insights for the imaging evaluation of CVJ anomalies.

Craniovertebral junction malformation is a congenital malformation located in the foramen magnum and upper cervical spine, including bone and nerve malformation, resulting in motor and sensory disorders, cerebellar and lower cranial nerves, etc. The evaluation methods of clinical symptoms and efficacy of craniovertebral junction malformation are important for the surgical indications and effects, mainly including the evaluation of clinical symptoms and the quality of life. At present, the commonly used methods in clinical work and literature are the Japanese orthopaedic association scores, visual analogue scales, 36-item short-form health survey, etc. Most of these clinical evaluations are not aimed at craniovertebral junction diseases but focus on the description of a certain type of clinical symptoms. Chicago Chiari outcome scale and syringomyelia outcome scale of Xuanwu hospital are dedicated to Craniovertebral junction malformation, but more clinical studies are needed to prove their effectiveness. Based on the literature reports, this article reviewed the previous clinical evaluation methods of craniovertebral junction malformation and discusses their applications and limitations.

Cranio-cervical junction (CVJ) anomalies encompass a spectrum of bone,soft tissue,and neural structural abnormalities,including basilar invagination,platybasia,atlantoaxial dislocation,tonsillar herniation,and occipito-cervical fusion.Given the frequent coexistence of these anomalies and the intricate anatomical variations involved,precise imaging techniques and evaluation parameters are crucial for accurate disease characterization and treatment assessment.Since the 1930s,various parameters,such as the McRae line,Chamberlain line,Wackenheim line,and clivo-axial angle,have been widely employed for evaluating basilar invagination and platybasia.The advent of MRI and CT has further expanded the repertoire of parameters,including sagittal tilt,coronal tilt,medullary spinal angle,and intricate multi-axis evaluation systems.In this review,we summarize the relevant imaging parameters and their corresponding measurement techniques from previous literature,emphasizing high-sensitivity,consistent,and evidence-based parameters.This study aims to provide valuable insights for the imaging evaluation of CVJ anomalies.

Craniovertebral junction malformation is a congenital malformation located in the foramen magnum and upper cervical spine, including bone and nerve malformation, resulting in motor and sensory disorders, cerebellar and lower cranial nerves, etc. The evaluation methods of clinical symptoms and efficacy of craniovertebral junction malformation are important for the surgical indications and effects, mainly including the evaluation of clinical symptoms and the quality of life. At present, the commonly used methods in clinical work and literature are the Japanese orthopaedic association scores, visual analogue scales, 36-item short-form health survey, etc. Most of these clinical evaluations are not aimed at craniovertebral junction diseases but focus on the description of a certain type of clinical symptoms. Chicago Chiari outcome scale and syringomyelia outcome scale of Xuanwu hospital are dedicated to Craniovertebral junction malformation, but more clinical studies are needed to prove their effectiveness. Based on the literature reports, this article reviewed the previous clinical evaluation methods of craniovertebral junction malformation and discusses their applications and limitations.