BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The cause of nasal polyp is unsure but inflammation is thought to be an important factor in the development of nasal poyps. CC chemokine is a powerful chemotactic cytokine for inflammatory cells. We designed this study to investigate whether specific CC chemokines are associated with different forms of nasal polyps and their changes according to antibiotic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasal polyp from patients with atopy (AP group, n=12) and without atopy (NP group, n=20) were sampled. Expressions of RANTES, eotaxin, MCP-2, MCP-3 and MIP-1alpha were studied by an immunohistochemical study. Specimens of non-allergic nasal turbinates were used as the control group from 14 patients who were operated for nasal blockage. All patients were divided into 2 groups. One group was treated with antibiotics for 10 days before operation. The other was non-treated. RESULTS: Between the NP and AP group, the ratio of stained cells except anti-MCP 2 monoclonal antibody in the AP group was more increased than that of the NP group. Among them, RANTES and eotaxin were increased significantly (p<0.05). There was a significant difference of the expression of 5 CC chemokines between the treated and non-treated groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that chemokines play an important role in the development of nasal polyps, and different kinds of chemokines can be involved according to the cause of nasal polyps and CC chemokines affected by antibiotic treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Chemokines ; Chemokines, CC ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasal Polyps* ; Turbinates

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The cause of nasal polyp is unsure but inflammation is thought to be an important factor in the development of nasal poyps. CC chemokine is a powerful chemotactic cytokine for inflammatory cells. We designed this study to investigate whether specific CC chemokines are associated with different forms of nasal polyps and their changes according to antibiotic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasal polyp from patients with atopy (AP group, n=12) and without atopy (NP group, n=20) were sampled. Expressions of RANTES, eotaxin, MCP-2, MCP-3 and MIP-1alpha were studied by an immunohistochemical study. Specimens of non-allergic nasal turbinates were used as the control group from 14 patients who were operated for nasal blockage. All patients were divided into 2 groups. One group was treated with antibiotics for 10 days before operation. The other was non-treated. RESULTS: Between the NP and AP group, the ratio of stained cells except anti-MCP 2 monoclonal antibody in the AP group was more increased than that of the NP group. Among them, RANTES and eotaxin were increased significantly (p<0.05). There was a significant difference of the expression of 5 CC chemokines between the treated and non-treated groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that chemokines play an important role in the development of nasal polyps, and different kinds of chemokines can be involved according to the cause of nasal polyps and CC chemokines affected by antibiotic treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Chemokines ; Chemokines, CC ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasal Polyps* ; Turbinates

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The number of eosinophil in nasal polyps has been reported to be strongly elevated when compared to non-affected nasal tissue, indicating an important role for eosinophils in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. The mechanisms determining selective eosinophilic tissue infiltration into diseased nasal mucosa as yet are specualtive. Panleukotactic factors also known to be present on nasal polyps cannot explain the type-selective tissue infiltration in eosinophilic or neutrophilic-featured diseases. Chemokines are known to have leukocyte subtype-selective chemotactic properties in vitro and thus are candidates explaining leukocytic characteristic tissue infiltration. The aim of this study was to investigate whether specific chemokines are associated with different forms of nasal polyps. This study was designed to demonstrate the expressions of various CC chemokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasal polyp from patients with systemic allergy (AP group, n=7) and negative allergic skin tests (NP group, n=10) were sampled. Expressions of RANTES, eotaxin, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha,beta were studies by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: Expression and mean density of RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1beta were significantly stronger in NP group than in AP group (p<0.05). However, those of eotaxin and MIP-1alpha were significantly stronger in AP group than in NP group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: This results suggest that only selective chemokines could be involved to develop the pathologic conditions in different type of nasal polyp.
Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL4 ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Chemokines ; Chemokines, CC* ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Leukocytes ; Nasal Mucosa ; Nasal Polyps* ; Skin Tests

The exact pathogenesis of nasal polyposis is unknown, but inflammation is thought to be an important factor in its development. CC chemokines and CC chemokine receptors on inflammatory cells influence the cells' migration to the inflammation sites. In an attempt to better understand the events of this migration, we performed an analysis of the CC chemokine receptors mRNA in nasal polyps, allergic inferior turbinate mucosa and hypertrophic inferior turbinate mucosa. The expression of CC chemokine receptor mRNA was measured with an RT-PCR in 20 samples of nasal polyps, seven samples of allergic inferior turbinate mucosa and six samples of hypertrophic inferior turbinate mucosa. The results showed the expression levels of CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5 mRNA to be higher in the nasal polyps than in the mucosa taken from the allergic and hypertrophic inferior turbinates. CCR4 and CCR5 mRNA expressed more strongly than did CCR1, CCR2 and CCR3 mRNA (p<0.001). The number of infiltrating eosinophils correlated with the level of CCR3 mRNA expression (p<0.001).
Chemokines, CC ; Eosinophils* ; Inflammation ; Mucous Membrane* ; Nasal Polyps* ; Receptors, CCR* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Turbinates*

OBJECTIVETo measure the peripheral serum levels of CC-chemokine ligand-18 (CCL-18) in patients with pneumoconiosis, and to investigate the feasibility of the index asa potential biomarker for pneumoconiosis.

METHODSSeventy-seven male patients with pneumoconiosis (stage 1:40 cases, stage 2:22 cases, stage 3:15 cases), including 42 cases of silicosis and 35 cases of coal worker pneumoconiosis, were enrolled as subjects, and 162 healthy male physical examinees in our hospital were used as controls. A fasting blood sample (3 ml) was collected from the peripheral venous blood of each patient or control. The CCL-18 concentration in serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSThe serum CCL-18 concentrations of the patients with pneumoconiosis were significantly higher than those of the controls [(116.70 ± 82.85) ng/ml vs. (83.34 ± 64.83) ng/ml]; (Z = -2.389, P < 0.05). The serum CCL-18 concentrations of the patients with silicosis were significantly higher than those of the patients with coal worker pneumoconiosis (147.02 ± 93.32 ng/ml vs. 96.43 ± 47.19 ng/ml; Z = -3.030, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum CCL-18 concentration among different stages of pneumoconiosis (P > 0.05). The degree of respiratory impairment was positively correlated with the serum CCL-18 concentration in patients with pneumoconiosis (r = 0.611, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSerum CCL-18 level can be used as a potential biomarker for pneumoconiosis.

BACKGROUND: Psoriatic keratinocytes express CXC chemokines like IL-8 and GRO-alpha, and CC chemokines like MCP-1 and RANTES, which have a significant role in the accumulation of inflammatory cells in psoriatic skin and both CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors are also expressed in psoriatic keratinocytes, which suggests that IL-8 and GRO-alpha could have a role in the characteristic epidermal changes through binding to their receptors in psoriatic keratinocytes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose is to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of psoriasis by comparing immunoreactivity of various chemokines and chemokine receptors between lesional and non-lesional skin of psoriasis. METHODS:We have performed immunohistochemical studies with mouse anti-human IL-8, mouse anti-human GRO, anti-huamn MCP-1, mouse anti-human RANTES, anti-human CDw 128 IL-8RA/ CXCR1, and anti-human IL-8RB/CXCR2 for lesional and non-lesional skin of ten psoriatic patients. RESULTS: 1.Immunohistochemical reactivity for IL-8 is stronger in lesional epidermis than non-lesional epidermis(p<0.05) and immunohistochemical reactivity for GRO-alpha is stronger in lesional epidermis than non-lesional epidermis(p<0.05). 2.Immunohistochemical reactivity for MCP-1 is stronger in lesional epidermis than non-lesional epidermis(p<0.05), and immunohistochemical reactivity for RANTES is stronger in lesional epidermis than non-lesional epidermis(p<0.05). 3.Immunohistochemical reactivity for CXCR1 is stronger in lesional epidermis than non-lesional epidermis(p<0.05) and immunohistochemical reactivity for CXCR2 is stronger in lesional epidermis than non-lesional epidermis(p<0.05). 4.Immunofluorescent staining reveals positive finding in epidermis of lesional psoriasis, but negative finding in CXCR2. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that psoriatic keratinocytes express CXC chemokines like IL-8 and GRO-alpha, and CC chemokines like MCP-1 and RANTES, which have a significant role in the accumulation of inflammatory cells in psoriatic skin and that both CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors are also expressed in psoriatic keratinocytes, which suggests that IL-8 and GRO-alpha could have a role in the characteristic epidermal changes through binding to their receptors in psoriatic keratinocytes.
Animals ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Chemokines* ; Chemokines, CC ; Chemokines, CXC ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; Keratinocytes ; Mice ; Psoriasis* ; Receptors, Chemokine* ; Receptors, Interleukin-8B ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Psoriatic keratinocytes express CXC chemokines like IL-8 and GRO-alpha, and CC chemokines like MCP-1 and RANTES, which have a significant role in the accumulation of inflammatory cells in psoriatic skin and both CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors are also expressed in psoriatic keratinocytes, which suggests that IL-8 and GRO-alpha could have a role in the characteristic epidermal changes through binding to their receptors in psoriatic keratinocytes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose is to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of psoriasis by comparing immunoreactivity of various chemokines and chemokine receptors between lesional and non-lesional skin of psoriasis. METHODS:We have performed immunohistochemical studies with mouse anti-human IL-8, mouse anti-human GRO, anti-huamn MCP-1, mouse anti-human RANTES, anti-human CDw 128 IL-8RA/ CXCR1, and anti-human IL-8RB/CXCR2 for lesional and non-lesional skin of ten psoriatic patients. RESULTS: 1.Immunohistochemical reactivity for IL-8 is stronger in lesional epidermis than non-lesional epidermis(p<0.05) and immunohistochemical reactivity for GRO-alpha is stronger in lesional epidermis than non-lesional epidermis(p<0.05). 2.Immunohistochemical reactivity for MCP-1 is stronger in lesional epidermis than non-lesional epidermis(p<0.05), and immunohistochemical reactivity for RANTES is stronger in lesional epidermis than non-lesional epidermis(p<0.05). 3.Immunohistochemical reactivity for CXCR1 is stronger in lesional epidermis than non-lesional epidermis(p<0.05) and immunohistochemical reactivity for CXCR2 is stronger in lesional epidermis than non-lesional epidermis(p<0.05). 4.Immunofluorescent staining reveals positive finding in epidermis of lesional psoriasis, but negative finding in CXCR2. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that psoriatic keratinocytes express CXC chemokines like IL-8 and GRO-alpha, and CC chemokines like MCP-1 and RANTES, which have a significant role in the accumulation of inflammatory cells in psoriatic skin and that both CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors are also expressed in psoriatic keratinocytes, which suggests that IL-8 and GRO-alpha could have a role in the characteristic epidermal changes through binding to their receptors in psoriatic keratinocytes.
Animals ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Chemokines* ; Chemokines, CC ; Chemokines, CXC ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; Keratinocytes ; Mice ; Psoriasis* ; Receptors, Chemokine* ; Receptors, Interleukin-8B ; Skin

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of the dental decay of children with the contents of chemokine CCL28 and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in saliva. METHODS: A total of 108 children in 2 kindergartens of Changsha, with age from 3 to 5 years old, were enrolled for this study. The saliva was collected from these children when they were in the examination of mouth. Th e children were divided into 3 groups: A non-caries group [dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT)=0], a low caries group (DMFT=1-4) and a high caries group (DMFT ≥ 5). Th e contents of CCL28 and sIgA were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The contents of CCL28 and sIgA in saliva were (121.22 ± 32.63) pg/mL and (16.49 ± 8.02) μg/mL, respectively. A positive linear correlation was found between the CCL28 content and sIgA content in saliva (r=0.734). Th e CCL28 and sIgA contents in saliva were positively correlated with the degree of dental caries in children (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The dental decay of children leads to the secretion of chemokine CCL28, which promotes the secretion of sIgA in saliva.
Chemokines, CC ; analysis ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Caries ; pathology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; analysis ; Saliva ; chemistry

CCL23 is a human CC chemokine with potential suppression effects on both human and murine myeloid progenitor cells both in vitro and in vivo, and only expressed and released by dendritic cells differentiated from monocytes in blood cells. However, recent study has shown that CCL23 was over-expressed in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells from pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In order to investigate the effects of CCL23 on the development, therapy and prognosis of leukemia, the U937 cells, a leukemic cell strain, were adopted and cultured with rhCCL23 for 72 hours. The cell proliferation and apoptosis rate were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and FITC-AnnexinV/PI respectively; the morphologic changes and the expression of CCR1 (the only receptor of CCL23 known by now) were observed during the differentiation process. The results showed that no obvious effect on the proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of U937 was found by using CCL23 alone (P > 0.05), but cultured in combination with CCL23 and PMA, the differentiation of U937 cells were promoted remarkably, during which the CCR1 expression increased (P < 0.05). It is concluded that CCL23 alone did not inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of U937, while its use in combination with PMA may possess synergistic effect on inducting differentiation of U937 through the increase of receptor CCR1 expression.
Apoptosis ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Chemokines, CC ; pharmacology ; Humans ; U937 Cells

The mast cell is an essential effector cell in allergic inflammation through its capacity to respond to IgE dependent activation. Mast cells also participate in the modulation of physiologic processes, but the role of mast cell in these processes is still unclear. Recently, the number of structurally defined chernoattractants for leukocytes has greatly increased, owing to largely to the identification of the chemokine superfamily. In this study we examined the pattern of expression of chemokines and their receptors in HMC-1 after treatment with PMA/A23187 and/or LPS using RT-PCR and ELISA. Messenger RNA of IL-8, the representative CXC chemokine, was induced after PMA/ A23187 treatment. All of the CC chemokines tested, except eotaxin, were induced after PMA/A23187 treatment. CCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3 and CXCR4 were expressed in all test groups regardless of activation. CCR3 was expressed only at 3 hours of activation. CCR2, CCR5 and CXCR1 were not expressed in mast cell line. Production of most of chemokine proteins was not detected in resting state and increased significantly after 3 hours of activation with PMA/A23187. The effect of LPS treatment was negligible. MCP-1 protein was always produced without activation and accurnulated in a time-dependent rnanner. These data suggest that the expression of mRNA and protein of chemokines and chemokine receptors are regulated transcriptionally and translationally. Human mast cell may respond to various stimuli by producing chemokines and their receptors to regulate their function and may act autonomously or through other inflammatory cell that they recruited.
Calcimycin ; Chemokines* ; Chemokines, CC ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin E ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-8 ; Leukocytes ; Mast Cells* ; Receptors, Chemokine ; RNA, Messenger