No abstract available.
Animals ; Carrier Proteins* ; Chemokine CCL5* ; Macrophages* ; Mice*

BACKGROUND: RANTES is associated with chemotaxis and activation of eosinophils. RANTES is up-regulated in allegic inflammation and play a critical role in the pathogenesis of allegic inflammation. Recently, circulating form of RANTES have been identified in the peripheral blood. METHOD: In the present study, we measured soluble RANTES levels in 17 patients with atopic brochial asthma (8 patients: early response to allegen challenge, 8 patients: early and late response to allergen challenge) on 30mins, 2hrs and 8 hrs after allergen challenge with house dust mite, prechallenge period. RESULT: RANTES levels in sera from patients with bronchial astma in prechallenge conditions were higher than in normal control subjects. But, RANTES levels in sera from patients with bronchial asthma in 30mins, 2hrs and 8hrs after challenge were no significantly higher than prechallenge conditions. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that RANTES plays a role in the pathogenesis of patients with atopic bronchial asthma and may be related to persistence of subclinical allergic inflammation.
Asthma* ; Chemokine CCL5* ; Chemotaxis ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Pyroglyphidae

PURPOSE: To evaluate the expression of chemokine and chemokine receptors in the aqueous humor (AH) of patients with recurrent anterior uveitis (AU) in terms of HLA-B-27-association. METHODS: Patients with endogenous uveitis were recruited from the uveitis clinic at Seoul National University Hospital. AH and peripheral blood (PB) were obtained from each patient. The expression of chemokine receptors in T-cells from AH and PB was measured using flow cytometric analysis. Interleukin (IL)-8, interferon-gammainducible protein (IP)-10, and regulated-on-expression, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) levels of PB and AH were measured. The expression of chemokine receptor and chemokine levels in PB and AH were compared between HLA-B27-associated AU and idiopathic AU patients. RESULTS: Seventeen patients with HLA-B27-associated AU, 14 patients with idiopathic AU and 5 healthy controls were included in this study. IL-8 and IP-10 levels of AH were shown to be increased more than in PB, and intraocular concentrations of IL-8 and IP-10 were higher in patients with HLA-B27-associated AU than in idiopathic AU patients. RANTES levels in AH were significantly lower than in PB for all groups. In all groups, the expression of chemokine receptor in AH increased more than in PB. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study show chemokine may play an important role in inflammation in patients with AU. This implies that the chemokine environment may be different in terms of HLA-B-27-association.
Aqueous Humor ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-8 ; Interleukins ; Receptors, Chemokine ; T-Lymphocytes ; Uveitis ; Uveitis, Anterior

BACKGROUND: Leptin is a 16-KDa non-glycosylated peptide hormone synthesized almost exclusively by adipocytes. The well-known function of leptin is regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Leptin also plays a regulatory role in immune and inflammatory process including cytokine production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of leptin on the expression of several chemokine genes(RANTES, IL-8, MCP-1, IP-10, Mig, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and GRO-alpha) in THP-1 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total RNA of THP-1 cells were prepared by Trizol method, and then stimulated with the leptin(250 ng/microliter) or LPS(100 ng/microliter). We examined the expression patterns of various chemokine mRNAs in THP-1 cell lines by RT-PCR and Northern blot. RESULTS: Leptin did not induce the expression of chemokine mRNAs in THP-1 cells. The expression patterns of RANTES, IL-8, MCP-1, IP-10, and Mig mRNAs in THP-1 cells stimulated with leptin and LPS simultaneously was almost same to the patterns of LPS alone-induced chemokine mRNAs. RANTES mRNA expression was independent on the concentrations of leptin. Although leptin did not have strong effect on the expression of RANTES, IL-8, MCP-1, IP-10, Mig, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and GRO-alpha mRNAs in THP-1 cells, leptin could induce the expression of long isoform of leptin receptor(OB-RL) mRNA, and its expression was elevated in simultaneous stimulation of leptin and LPS. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that leptin is able to induce OB-RL in THP-1 cells, however, leptin has little effect on the expression of pro-inflammatory chemokine genes.
Adipocytes ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Line ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL4 ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Eating ; Energy Metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; Leptin* ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger

BACKGROUND: Leptin is a 16-KDa non-glycosylated peptide hormone synthesized almost exclusively by adipocytes. The well-known function of leptin is regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Leptin also plays a regulatory role in immune and inflammatory process including cytokine production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of leptin on the expression of several chemokine genes(RANTES, IL-8, MCP-1, IP-10, Mig, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and GRO-alpha) in THP-1 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total RNA of THP-1 cells were prepared by Trizol method, and then stimulated with the leptin(250 ng/microliter) or LPS(100 ng/microliter). We examined the expression patterns of various chemokine mRNAs in THP-1 cell lines by RT-PCR and Northern blot. RESULTS: Leptin did not induce the expression of chemokine mRNAs in THP-1 cells. The expression patterns of RANTES, IL-8, MCP-1, IP-10, and Mig mRNAs in THP-1 cells stimulated with leptin and LPS simultaneously was almost same to the patterns of LPS alone-induced chemokine mRNAs. RANTES mRNA expression was independent on the concentrations of leptin. Although leptin did not have strong effect on the expression of RANTES, IL-8, MCP-1, IP-10, Mig, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and GRO-alpha mRNAs in THP-1 cells, leptin could induce the expression of long isoform of leptin receptor(OB-RL) mRNA, and its expression was elevated in simultaneous stimulation of leptin and LPS. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that leptin is able to induce OB-RL in THP-1 cells, however, leptin has little effect on the expression of pro-inflammatory chemokine genes.
Adipocytes ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Line ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL4 ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Eating ; Energy Metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; Leptin* ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The number of eosinophil in nasal polyps has been reported to be strongly elevated when compared to non-affected nasal tissue, indicating an important role for eosinophils in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. The mechanisms determining selective eosinophilic tissue infiltration into diseased nasal mucosa as yet are specualtive. Panleukotactic factors also known to be present on nasal polyps cannot explain the type-selective tissue infiltration in eosinophilic or neutrophilic-featured diseases. Chemokines are known to have leukocyte subtype-selective chemotactic properties in vitro and thus are candidates explaining leukocytic characteristic tissue infiltration. The aim of this study was to investigate whether specific chemokines are associated with different forms of nasal polyps. This study was designed to demonstrate the expressions of various CC chemokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasal polyp from patients with systemic allergy (AP group, n=7) and negative allergic skin tests (NP group, n=10) were sampled. Expressions of RANTES, eotaxin, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha,beta were studies by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: Expression and mean density of RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1beta were significantly stronger in NP group than in AP group (p<0.05). However, those of eotaxin and MIP-1alpha were significantly stronger in AP group than in NP group (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: This results suggest that only selective chemokines could be involved to develop the pathologic conditions in different type of nasal polyp.
Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL4 ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Chemokines ; Chemokines, CC* ; Eosinophils ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Leukocytes ; Nasal Mucosa ; Nasal Polyps* ; Skin Tests

In order to evaluate antitumor rnechanisms of interleukin (IL)-12/IL-2 that has been shown significant tumor suppressive activity on established primary and metastatic Renca tumor, we studied chemokine gene expression induced by direct action of IL- 12/IL-2 or cytokine cascade. IL-12/IL-2 induced gene expression of interferon gamma (IFN-r) and granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in splenocytes, and it induced gene expression of monokine induced by IFN-r (Mig), interferon inducible protein 10 (IP- 10), SDF-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, MIP-1B, MIP-2, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and Rantes in tumor mass. However IL-12/IL-2 could not induce these chemokines in tumor mass of GKO mice and Renca cell in vitro. IL- 12 also did not increased chemokine gene expression in Renca cell in vitro, but IFN-r induced gene expression of Mig, IP-10, MCP-1 in Renca cell in vitro. In the chemotaxis assay, culture supernatant of Renca cell stimulated with IFN-r increased splenocyte migration in vitro. All these data suggest IL-12/IL-2 can induce IFN-r-chemokine cascade in tumor mass, and Mig, IP-10, MCP-1 produced from tumor cell may play an important role for initial immune cell migration into tumor mass.
Animals ; Cell Movement ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Chemokine CXCL10 ; Chemokines ; Chemotaxis ; Gene Expression* ; Granulocytes ; Interferons ; Interleukins ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Monocytes

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The cause of nasal polyp is unsure but inflammation is thought to be an important factor in the development of nasal poyps. CC chemokine is a powerful chemotactic cytokine for inflammatory cells. We designed this study to investigate whether specific CC chemokines are associated with different forms of nasal polyps and their changes according to antibiotic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasal polyp from patients with atopy (AP group, n=12) and without atopy (NP group, n=20) were sampled. Expressions of RANTES, eotaxin, MCP-2, MCP-3 and MIP-1alpha were studied by an immunohistochemical study. Specimens of non-allergic nasal turbinates were used as the control group from 14 patients who were operated for nasal blockage. All patients were divided into 2 groups. One group was treated with antibiotics for 10 days before operation. The other was non-treated. RESULTS: Between the NP and AP group, the ratio of stained cells except anti-MCP 2 monoclonal antibody in the AP group was more increased than that of the NP group. Among them, RANTES and eotaxin were increased significantly (p<0.05). There was a significant difference of the expression of 5 CC chemokines between the treated and non-treated groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that chemokines play an important role in the development of nasal polyps, and different kinds of chemokines can be involved according to the cause of nasal polyps and CC chemokines affected by antibiotic treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Chemokines ; Chemokines, CC ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasal Polyps* ; Turbinates

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The cause of nasal polyp is unsure but inflammation is thought to be an important factor in the development of nasal poyps. CC chemokine is a powerful chemotactic cytokine for inflammatory cells. We designed this study to investigate whether specific CC chemokines are associated with different forms of nasal polyps and their changes according to antibiotic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasal polyp from patients with atopy (AP group, n=12) and without atopy (NP group, n=20) were sampled. Expressions of RANTES, eotaxin, MCP-2, MCP-3 and MIP-1alpha were studied by an immunohistochemical study. Specimens of non-allergic nasal turbinates were used as the control group from 14 patients who were operated for nasal blockage. All patients were divided into 2 groups. One group was treated with antibiotics for 10 days before operation. The other was non-treated. RESULTS: Between the NP and AP group, the ratio of stained cells except anti-MCP 2 monoclonal antibody in the AP group was more increased than that of the NP group. Among them, RANTES and eotaxin were increased significantly (p<0.05). There was a significant difference of the expression of 5 CC chemokines between the treated and non-treated groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that chemokines play an important role in the development of nasal polyps, and different kinds of chemokines can be involved according to the cause of nasal polyps and CC chemokines affected by antibiotic treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Chemokines ; Chemokines, CC ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nasal Polyps* ; Turbinates

PURPOSE: The host immune responses to skin xenografts are known to be much stronger than those to allografts. The possible reasons for that, however, are unclear. We hypothesized that chemokines trafficking leukocytes may be involved in stronger xenograft rejection process as compared to allograft rejection. METHODS: Thus, we evaluated the profiles of chemokine expression and cellular infiltration in the skin xenografts and compared to those in fully allogeneic skingrafts. RESULTS: At day 5, post-transplantation the heavier cellular infiltration of CD4+, CD8+ T cells and neutrophils into xenografts was found as compared to allografts. Similarly, more CD8+ T, CD11b+ and MOMA-2+ cells were found to infiltrate into xenografts than allografts at day 7. The xenograft showed earlier and stronger mRNA expression of chemokines such as MCP-1, IP-10 and MIG. In the late phase of xenograft rejection, strong expression of RANTES and MIP-1a was noted. In xenografts, the time of expression of IP-10 and MIG was correlated with the time of infiltration of CD4+, CD8+ cells and neutrophils whereas, the expression patterns of RANTES and MIP-1a were similar to the infiltration patterns of CD11b+ and MOMA-2+ cells. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the prompt xenograft cellular rejection as compared to the allograft rejection may be related to the rapid induction of pro-inflammatory chemokines such as MCP-1, IP-10 and MIG in the early phase and resultant significant infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and neutrophils.
Allografts ; Chemokine CCL5 ; Chemokines ; Heterografts* ; Leukocytes ; Neutrophils ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Transplantation, Heterologous