The measuring methods of the linearity errors and the cross contamination are very hard to grasp in testing the clinical analyzer's specifications. In this paper, the measuring steps and the data processing methods are introduced in detail in combination with the living examples and taking the form of the lists so as to help the technical personnels to understand the verification regulation of clinical analyzers correctly and to carry out the technical supervision effectively.
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Contamination

In this experiment, the complex-permittivities at 2 450 MHz of distilled water and various NaCl solutions were measured separately, and acquired data were analyzed and amended. The system develooped on the basis of this experiment is of great significance to studying the measurement of complex-permittivities of high-loss biologic tissues by perturbational method.
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; Sodium Chloride ; chemistry ; Solutions ; Water ; chemistry

G. E. as prepared in our laboratory is a non-volatile white substance, which is odorless and water soluble. Only in vivo does it have a hypotensive effect, while both in vivo and in vitro it has a hypo-calcemic effect. We determined the chemical analysis, toxicity, lethal dose, and the effect on isolated intestinal and auricular movements of rabbits of G. E. The sodium salt of G. E. contains 18.7% Phosphorus and l5.7% Sodium. It contains inositol and a small amount of sulfur and nitrogen. The ratio of inositol: phosphorus: sodium is 1:6:6.7. Also G. E. may contain phytic acid and other mat erials which have not been identified. Toxicity tests of G. E. done on mice. The first symptoms of toxicity in mice began with irritability and unstable walking, which were followed by dyspnea and sluggish movement, and finally by coma. Mice LD 50 was 222mg/kg. As the dose of G. E. was increased in successive injections in the rabbits, the rabbits died, when the total dose reached 100-200 mg%. Probably G. E. is not destroyed quickly nor excreted rapidly. The blood pressure in the rabbits continued to fall at each injection indicating no development of tachyphylaxis. If 70mg. of G. E. was injected intravenously, as one dose, the rabbit died with muscular hyperactivity. On post mortem examination, we found G. E. had a hypocalcemic effect. However if the calcium salt of G. E. was injected no muscular hyperactivity developed, but severe hypotension was observed. The hypocalcemic effect of G. E. is due to the combining of G. E. with the blood calcium and the muscular activity may be secondary to hypocalcemic. The G. E. hypotensive effect in atropinized rabbits and in ganglionic blocked rabbits (Hexamethonium) was the same as the effect found in rabbits which had not been drugged. Epinephrine also did not change the hypotensive effect of G. E., G. E. itself showed no effect on the isolated intestinal and auricular movements of a rabbit as long as there were enough calcium ions in the solution. Hence we can not say that the hypotension of G. E. is due to vagus stimulation and or to paralysis of sympathetic nerve endings. The mechanism of the hypotensive effect of G. E. is not yet clear.
Animals ; Anticoagulants/*pharmacology ; Chemistry, Analytical ; *Garlic ; In Vitro ; *Plants, Medicinal ; Rabbits

Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; instrumentation ; Herbicides ; analysis ; Humans ; Paraquat ; analysis

Calibration ; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; methods ; Humans ; Lead ; blood

High resolution melting (HRM), an important technology for genotyping and mutation scanning, has broad prospects in the authentification of traditional Chinese medicine. This paper selected universal trnH-psbA primers and used HRM to establish a new methods for identification of Akebia herbs. PCR was conduct at the annealing temperature of 58 degrees C and 35 cycles. The range of the DNA template concentration, the primer concentration and the Mg2+ ion concentration were further analyzed. The results showed the Tm values of Caulis Akebiae was (81.84 ± 0.16), (85.28 ± 0.16) degrees C and Caulis Clematidis Armandii was (83.22 ± 0.19) degrees C and Caulis Aristolochiae manshuriensis was (81.67 ± 0.14) degrees C, (84.24 ± 0.10) degrees C with 5-125 mg - L-' DNA template, 0.4 μmol x L(-1) primer, 2.0 mmol x L(-1) Mg2+. This method can achieve the authentification of Akebia herbs and is simple, fast, high-throughput, visual.
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; methods ; DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; Genotype ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Transition Temperature

The bioactivities, chemical composition and distribution of aerial parts of Panax species are different from the roots. The present paper summarized the phytochemical and analytical studies of aerial parts of Panax species, including P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, P. quinquefoliun and P. japonicus. This review aims so as to provide scientific evidences for further investigation of chemical profile, quality control and optimal utilization of these resources.
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Saponins ; analysis ; chemistry

The phenomenon of phase separation of intracellular biological macromolecules is an emerging research field that has received great attention in recent years. As an aggregation and compartment mechanism of cell biochemical reactions, it widely exists in nature and participates in important physiological processes such as gene transcription and regulation, as well as influences organism's response to external stimuli. Disequilibrium of phase separation may lead to the occurrence of some major diseases. Researchers in cross-cutting fields are trying to examine dementia and other related diseases from a new perspective of phase separation, exploring its molecular mechanism and the potential possibility of intervention and treatment. This review intends to introduce the latest research progress in this field, summarize the major research directions, biochemical basis, its relationship with disease occurrence, and giving a future perspective of key problems to focus on.
Animals ; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; trends ; Cytoplasm ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; isolation & purification ; Research ; trends

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for the content determination of protein in Sabin IPV.

METHODSUsing lowry method combined with being precipitated by trichloroacetic acid to determine the content of protein in Sabin IPV. Changing different conditions to optimize the experiment to establish a improved lowry method. And the sample recovery test was also conducted.

RESULTSThe method can exclude the interference of free aminoacid, phenols and some other additives. The calibration curve was in good linearity of protein within the range of 2.5 microg/ml-40 Microg/ml, r = 0.9998. Under the best conditions, the mean recovery was 95.32%, the CV in a batch and between batches were both < 10%.

CONCLUSIONThe method can be used to determine the micro content of protein in vaccines.

Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Calibration ; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; methods ; Phenols ; chemistry ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral ; chemistry ; Proteins ; analysis ; Trichloroacetic Acid ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of different cell lysis buffers on protein quantification with Bradford method and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method.

METHODSBradford method and BCA method were used to determine the concentration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in different solutions (distilled water, cell lysis buffer used in two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis and three kinds of cell lysis buffers used in conventional two dimensional gel electrophoresis), as well as the protein concentrations of cell lysates using these different lysis buffers. Bradford method was also applied to determine the protein concentrations of samples with repeated freeze thaw cycle, in different colorimetric cylinders, or using different standard curves from different periods.

RESULTThe protein measurements increased for 1.2 to 2 fold when different cell lysis buffers were used in Bradford method, but the measurements increased with the increased concentration of BSA (r=0.989 approximately 0.996, P<0.05). For BCA, measurement reading increased about thousands times higher, even overflowed the limits of machine. Protein measurements didn't change significantly, only showed a declined trend after repeated freeze thaw cycle, while no significant changes were found using different colorimetric cylinders or standard curves from different periods.

CONCLUSIONBradford method may be the choice of the protein quantification in proteomics. However, optimization is required for specific experimental conditions.

Buffers ; Cells ; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; methods ; Proteins ; analysis ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; analysis ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet