INTRODUCTION: To improve the nutritional care and resource allocation of critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), we described their characteristics, treatment modalities and clinical outcomes, and compared their nutrition interventions against the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) recommendations. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in 5 tertiary hospitals in Singapore. Characteristics, treatment modalities, clinical outcomes and nutrition interventions of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 who received enteral and parenteral nutrition were collected between January and May 2020. RESULTS: Among the 83 critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2, 22 (28%) were obese, 45 (54%) had hypertension, and 21 (25%) had diabetes. Neuromuscular blockade, prone therapy and dialysis were applied in 70% (58), 47% (39) and 35% (29) of the patients, respectively. Refeeding hypophosphataemia and hospital mortality occurred respectively in 6% (5) and 18% (15) of the critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2. Late enteral nutrition and cardiovascular comorbidities were associated with higher hospital mortality (adjusted relative risk 9.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.25-35.99; 6.30, 95% CI 1.15-34.40, respectively). Prone therapy was not associated with a higher incidence of high gastric residual volume (≥250mL). The minimum caloric (15kcal/kg) and protein (1.2g/kg) recommendations of ASPEN were achieved in 54% (39) and 0% of the patients, respectively. CONCLUSION The high obesity prevalence and frequent usage of neuromuscular blockade, prone therapy, and dialysis had considerable implications for the nutritional care of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2. They also did not receive adequate calories and protein. More audits should be conducted to refine nutritional interventions and guidelines for this ever-evolving disease.
COVID-19/therapy* ; Critical Illness/therapy* ; Humans ; Nutritional Support ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; United States

INTRODUCTION: Family history of psychopathology is a risk factor for mood and anxiety disorders in children, but little is known about rates of parental psychopathology among treatment-seeking youth with affective disorders in the Asia Pacific region. This study examined patterns of emotional and behavioural problems in parents of clinically-referred youth in Singapore. We hypothesised that parents would have higher rates of affective disorders compared to the Singapore national prevalence rate of 12%. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 47 families were recruited from affective disorders and community-based psychiatry programmes run by a tertiary child psychiatry clinic. All children had a confirmed primary clinical diagnosis of depression or an anxiety disorder. Parents completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to assess for lifetime mood and anxiety disorders. They also completed the Adult Self Report (ASR) and Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL) to assess current internalising and externalising symptoms. RESULTS: Consistent with our hypothesis, 38.5% of mothers and 10.5% of fathers reported a lifetime mood and anxiety disorder. Nearly 1/3 of mothers had clinical/subclinical scores on current internalising and externalising problems. A similar pattern was found for internalising problems among fathers, with a slightly lower rate of clinical/subclinical externalising problems. CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with previous overseas studies showing elevated rates of affective disorders among parents - particularly mothers - of children seeking outpatient psychiatric care. Routine screening in this population may help to close the current treatment gap for adults with mood and anxiety disorders.
Adult ; Anxiety Disorders ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Family Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mood Disorders ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parenting ; psychology ; Parents ; psychology ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Psychopathology ; Singapore ; epidemiology