Humans ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; therapy ; Spinal Diseases ; therapy

The quorum sensing commonly exists in procaryote kingdom,regulating various biologic functions.Recently similar phenomenon was also found in fungi world,which affecting both biofilm formation and dimorphism.In this article,we focus on the recent progress on quorum sensing of pathogenic fungi and discuss the possibility of taking quorum sensing molecule as a potential target for antifungl therapy.

Purpose Progressive hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (PHICH) is often observed in clinical ward,but its prognosis is undetermined.This study is to investigate the duration and the risk factors of progressive hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods The diagnosis of PHICH was determined by comparing the first and second CT scans.Potential risk factors including the sex,age,location of hematoma,blood pressure,coagulopathy and the duration of admission to the first CT scan were analyzed.Results In a cohort 143 patients,the PHICH were found in 41 cases(28.7%)after the second scan,and among them,32 patients(22.4%)were necessary to perform craniotomy for evacuation of hematoma,most of the PHICH occurred within 24 hours after onset.Older age,thalamus bleeding,high systolic blood pressure within 6 hours,coagulapathy and shorter duration from admission to the first CT scan were the predictors associated with PHICH.Conclusion PHICH occurs in almost 1/4 of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,predominantly in elder,thalamus bleeding,coagulapathy,high systolic blood pressure within 6 hours and shorter duration between onset and the first CT scan.CT examination within 24 hours after admission is crucial to reveal the exact condition of the patient.

Objective To explore the correlations of expressions of gastric mucosa water channel aquaporin AQP3 and AQP4 and different gastritis types. Methods The gastric mucosa was mounted under gastroscope. The types of gastric mucosa pathology and activity were tested by the common pathohistology. The expressions of AQP3 and AQP4 were determined by immunohistology. Results The expressions of AQP3 and AQP4 of chronic superficial gastritis were significantly higher than those in the non-gastritis group and chronic atrophic gastritis group (P < 0.01), especially in the activity period of chronic superficial gastritis. The expressions of AQP3 and AQP4 of chronic atrophic gastritis group were reduced when compared to those in the non-gastritis group, in spite of no statistical differences between them. While compared to the non-gastritis group , the expression of AQP3 of chronic atrophic gastritis group during the active stage was remarkably decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion The expressions of AQP3 and AQP4 of gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis in various pathological types are different. AQP3 and AQP4 may be the targeted point , which could be used for the differential diagnosis and treatment of chronic gastritis of different pathological types.

Objective To determine the risk factors for development of succinylcholine-induced postoperative myalgia.Methods One hundred and fifty-five patients,aged 18-64 yr,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,with body mass index of 20-30 kg/m2,scheduled for elective craniofacial surgery,were included in the study.Total intravenous anesthesia with propofol or combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane was performed during surgery.The patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether or not myalgia occurred within 24.h after surgery:myalgia group and non-myalgia group.Factors including gender,age,body weight,duration of surgery,method of anesthesia,dose of succinylcholine,preinjection of lidocaine or nondepolarizing muscular relaxants during induction of anesthesia,use of hormone (dexamethasone or methylprednisolone) and nonsteroidal analgesics (parecoxib sodium) during surgery,and consumption of fentanyl were recorded.The risk factors of which P values were less than 0.05 would enter the multivariate logistic regression analysis to stratify the risk factors for development of succinylcholine-induced postoperative myalgia.Results Forty-one patients developed postoperative myalgia,and the incidence of myalgia was 27.2％.The results of logistic analysis indicated that succinylcholine ＜ 1.5 mg/kg and no preinjection of lidocaine were closely correlated with the development of postoperative myalgia induced by succinylcholine.Conclusion Succinylcholine＜1.5 mg/kg and no preinjection of lidocaine are the risk factors for development of succinylcholine-induced postoperative myalgia in the patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of labor analgesia on the development of postpartum depression.Methods Seventy nulliparous parturients who were at full term with a singleton fetus in vertex presentation,aged 20-35 yr,with body mass index＜27 kg/m2,at 38-41 weeks of gestation,of ASA physical status Ⅰ,were enrolled and divided into 2 groups (n =35 each) using a random number table:vaginal delivery group (group VD) and labor analgesia group (group LA).In LA group,the epidural catheter was placed at L2,3 interspace for combined spinal-epidural analgesia when their cervical dilations were in 2-3 cm.VAS score was maintained below 3 after the analgesia.Parturients completed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaires 42 days after the labor.The development of depression was recorded.Results The incidence of postnatal depression was significantly lower in LA group (17％) than in VD group (40％).Conclusion Labor analgesia can decrease the development of postpartum depression.

To investigate the application of seminar teaching on postgraduate education of ophthalmology,postgraduate from Grade 2008 to Grade 2010 were divided into experiment groups and control groups.Seminar teaching and conventional teaching were applied to two groups respectively.The performances of seminar teaching groups at each grade were better than the control groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Thus,seminar teaching can enhance theory and operation ability of postgraduate.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum angiopoietin-like protein 3 (Angptl3) and adiponectin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) in order to understand their association with the MS. Methods Serum Angptl3 and adiponectin levels were measured by sandwich ELISA in a group of 111 patients with MS and 152 normal controls. Results Serum adiponectin was lower in the MS patients than in the control subjects [4.22(1.01-23.29) μg/mL vs. 5.41(0.97-22.27) μg/mL, P＜0.05]. With regard to serum Angptl3, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups(P＞0.05). Serum adiponectin was correlated to Angptl3 and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)(P＜0.001) and negatively correlated to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) and homeostatic model assessment method-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P＜0.001). Serum Angptl3 was positively correlated with adiponectin (P＜0.001). Serum adiponectin was found to be independently positive determinant for Angptl3 concentrations (b′=0.256, P＜0.001). Adiponectin was inversely correlated with TG and HOMA-IR (b′=-0.234, -0.145, P＜0.001). Conclusion Adiponectin is decreased in MS patients and may be correlated to Angptl3.

Objective Through pathological and histological examination on retina to research the dosage relevance of trace PFD with toxicity in rabbit retina,and provide experimental reference basis for clinical practice.Methods Fourty eight eyes from 24 experimental rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group(36 eyes) and control group(12 eyes).The experimental one was divided into 3 groups,12 eyes in each group.The surface of rabbit retina was directly injected with 30,50,and 100 ?L liquids of PFD and BSS.The conditions of rabbit retina were observed under ophthalmoscope every day after the liquid injection.The sections of retina tissue were observed under transmission electron microscope in each experimental and control groups at the 4th,7th,14th and 21th day after injection.Results All samples were normal by ophthalmoscope examination while no pathological change of retina was found at various time points .At the 4th day,none substantial damage had been made in any dosage groups by transmission electron microscope examination except for 100 ?L group.Only one retina of 100 ?L group showed that the space around cell nucleus broadened appreciably,slightly atactic nucleus and slightly compact cytoplasm.It showed some early changes.From the 7th day,similar pathological changes were found: damage on outer segments of light receptor and outer plexiform layer,properties changes of light receptor,forming of vesicles of inner nuclear cells,damage of ganglion cell,dying of inside retina,actions of gulping cells in retina,swallow of film plates by pigment epithelial cell of retina,and dropping of top fine hair. But the retina of control group had no pathological changes.Conclusion Trace PFD exists in eyes.There is no relevance between poisonous development of retina and remaining dosage of PFD.However,large remaining of PFD can lead to retina toxicity early.

Objective To determine the changes in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes in residents aged over 20 years in Shandong coastal areas during years 2004-2014. Methods A random stratified cluster sampling was conducted, and 3 944 inhabitants were investigated in Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, and Rizhao regions. Results (1)The standardized rate of diabetes mellitus prevalence was 10.36% in 2014, increased by 2.38% as compared with 2004 and 0.85% as compared with 2009 (P<0.05). There were 341 newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus patients, accounting for 57.4% of the diabetes mellitus patients, increased by 6.09% as compared with 2004 and decreased by 4.11% as compared with 2009 (P<0.05). The standardized rate of prediabetes was 12.47% in 2014, increased by 2.63% as compared with 2004 and 0.61% as compared with 2009 (P<0.05). (2) The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation in individuals aged under 50 years in 2014 was significantly higher than that in 2004, but lower than that in 2009 (P<0.05). (3) Compared with 2004 and 2009, the levels of diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus increased significantly in 2014 (all P<0.05). The levels of serum uric acid in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus decreased significantly in 2014 (P<0.05). (4) The logistic regression analysis showed that the age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, triglyceride, LDL-C, systolic blood pressure, and diabetic family history were the risk factors for abnormal glucose regulation, while total cholesterol was the protective factor. Conclusions The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and prediabetes increased during 10 years (2004-2014), but the growth rate dropped precipitously during last five years as compared with the first five years. The age of diabetes mellitus onset is getting older in residents of Shandong coastal area, especially in females. Aging, overweight, hypertension, lipid disorders, and diabetic family history were the risk factors of diabetes mellitus.