No abstract available.

The study was undertaken to detemine the effect of fractionated high-dose total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) onthe servival of skin allograft despite major histocompatibility difference. Total lymphoid irraditation is arelatively safe form of radiotherapy, has been used extensively to treat lymphoid malignancies in humans with fewside effects. A total of 90 rats, Sprague-Dawley rat as recipient and Wistar rat as donor, were used for theexperiment, of which 10 rats were used to determine mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) for antigenic difference andskin allografts was performed in 30 rats given total lymphoid irradiation to assess the immunosuppressive effectof total lymphoid irradiation despite major histocompatibility difference. In addition, the peripheral white bloodcell counts and the proportion of lymphocytes was studied in 10 rats given total lymphoid irradiation but no skingraft to determine the effects of bone marrow suppression. The results obtained are summerized as follows. 1. Theoptimum dose of total lymphoid irradiation was between 1800 rads to 2400 rads. 2. The survival of skin graft onrats given total lymphoid irradiation (23.2±6.0days) was prolonged about three folds as compared to unirradiated-control (8.7±1.3 days). 3. Total lymphoid irradiation resulted in a severe leukopneia with marked lymphopenia,but the count was normal by the end of 3rd week. 4. The study suggests that total lymphoid irradiation is anonlethal procedure that could be used successfully in animals to transplant allograft across major-histocompatibility barriers.
Allografts ; Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Histocompatibility ; Humans ; Lymphatic Irradiation ; Lymphocytes ; Radiotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

The effect of radiation on the liver should be of unusual interest in as much as there are two highly specialized kinds of epithelium besides an important endothelial system and vascular and fibrous elements tocompare, But there are several difficulites in the way of knowledge of the sensitivity and reaction of the liverto radiation. Perhaps the most important is the regenerative abillity of the liver cells. It has been assumed that the liver as an organ is relatively resistant to radiation injury. Yet there are reports of necrosis of the liverin man resulting from doses of radiation which have not caused a skin reaction or any demonstrable effect on the stomach. The author made an experiment to elucidate more clearly the changes in resum enezymes and histopathology of rat's liver following irradiation to the liver with a single dose of 2,000 rads. The resuls obtained are asfollows; 1. Serum SGOT activities were significatnly elevated, 1 and 2 weeks after irradiation, and normalized after 4 weeks. 2. Serum SGPT activities were significantly elevated 2 weeks after irradiation, and normalized after4 weeks. 3. Alakline phosphatase activity were significantly elevated 1, 2 and 4 weeks after irradiation, and normalized after 8 weeks. 4. Histopathologic changes were focal necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, loss of intra cytoplasmic glycogen particles, and vacuolar degenerations of hepatocytes. It appeared marked 2 weeks after irradiation, restored after 4 weeks, and normalized after 8 weeks.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelium ; Glycogen ; Hepatitis ; Hepatocytes ; Liver ; Necrosis ; Radiation Injuries ; Skin ; Stomach

A study has been made on the skin response of mouse hind limb to radiation to evaluate the difference of skin response to superfractionation and conventional fractionation schedules, and to optimize the time interval betweenfractions and the dose per fraction in the superfractionated irradiation. 96 mouse hind limbs were dvided into 12groups and were irradiated with 10 consecutive fractions by intervals of 6, 12 or 24 hours and dose per fractionsof 400, 500, 600 or 700 rads. The skin changes of the irradiated hind limb were observed for 30 days and the skin response were analyzed. The results are as follows; 1. There was no significant difference of early skin response along the time interval, from 6 to 24 hours, up to 600 rads per fraction. 2. Mean duration to maximum skin reaction in superfractionation (15.48±2.80 days) is shorter than in conventional fractionation (18.05±3.20 days)by 2.57 days. (p<0.05). 3. Optimum time interval betwen fractions in superfractionation may be 6 hours or less. 4. Optimum dose per fraction in superfractionation may be 500 rads or less.
Animals ; Appointments and Schedules ; Extremities ; Mice ; Skin

NO abstract available.
Brain* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Radiologic findings of the 29 cases of radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis diagnosed by chest radiography atSeoul National University Hospital were evaluated and compared with clinical symptoms according to the passage oftime after radiation therapy. The resuls were as follows; 1. The first radiographic signs of radiation pneumonitisand fibrosis were observed 7.6 weeks and 19.3 weeks after radiation therapy respectively. Especially in 8 cases ofsmall cell ca., they were found 5.6 weeks and 10.4 weeks, appearing slinghtly earlier than those of 12 cases ofsquamous cell ca. of lung. 2. The appearing time and severity of the radiographic changes of radiation pneumonitisand fibrosis had no specific relationship with field size, tumor dose or time-dose-fractionation factors of thetreatment. 3. The most constant and characteristic radiological finding of radiation pneumonitis was the sharp andstraight margin of the lesion, which was not that of normal anatomical structures of the lung. Other findings werediffuse haziness, indistinct normal pulmonary markings, alveolar and nodular densities, air-bronchograms andindistinctness of heart border. In radiation fibrosis stage, the lesion characteristic and constant finding. Otherfindings were indistinctness of heart border, diaphragmatic tenting and compensatory emphysema.
Emphysema ; Fibrosis ; Heart ; Lung ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Radiography ; Thorax

Twenty one patients of malignant thymoma treated with curative aim at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology of Seoul National University Hospital from 1979 to 1987 were analysed retrospectively. The 3 year overall and relapse free survival rate was 80.5% and 78.6%, respectively. Myasthenia gravis (Mg) was seen in 43.5% at presentation and disappeared in 40% (4/10) after radiotherapy with or without operation. The 3 year cumulative survival rate with and without Mg was 90% and 78.8%, respectively. We could consider that Mg was no longer abverse prognostic factor. The complete response rate after partial resection was 100% (3/3), and that after biopsy was 20% (3/15). The overall local control rate including complete and partial response rate (33% vs 56%) was 89% and the 3 year actuarial survival rate by the response rate was 88.9% and 81.7%, respectively. There was no statistically significant survival difference between two groups. The crude rate of relapse at 3 years was 23.8% (5/21), and 80% (4/5) were locoregional failures. All failures were observed in biopsy only group, while no failure was observed in resected group. The major pattern of the treatment failure was the locoregional failure and the distant metastases was rarely observed.
Biopsy ; Humans ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiation Oncology ; Radiotherapy* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Survival Rate ; Thymoma ; Treatment Failure

To determine the radiosensitivity and dose-urvival characteristics of jejunal crypt cells, experimental study was done using total 40 mice. Single irradiation of 1,000rad to 1,600rad was delivered to whole bodies of mice, using a cesium 137 animal irradiator. The number of regenerating crypts per jejunal circumference was counted, by using a jejunal crypt cell assay technique, and dose response curve was measured. The average number of jejunal crypt per circumference in control group was 140+/-10. Mean lethal dose(D0) of mouse jejunal crypt cell was 135rad.
Animals ; Cesium ; Jejunum* ; Mice* ; Radiation Tolerance*

No abstract available.
Cyclophosphamide*

Whole brain irradiation is one mode in the treatment of brain cancer and brain metastasis, but it might cause brain injury such as brain necrosis. It has been studied whether the dose distribution could be a cause of brain injury. The dose distribution in whole brain irradiated by Co-0 beam has been measured by means of calibrated TLD chips inserted in the brain of Humanoid phantom. The following results were obtained. 1. Dose distribution on each transverse section of the brain was uniform. 2. On the midsagital plane of the brain, the dose was highest in upper portion and lowest in lower portion, varying 8 from 104% to 90%. 3. When the radiation field includes free space of 2cm or more width out of the head, the dose distribution in the whole brain is almost independent of the field width. 4. It is important to determine adequate shielding area and to set shielding block exactly in repetition of treatment.
Brain Injuries ; Brain Neoplasms ; Brain* ; Head ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy*