No abstract available.

The study was undertaken to detemine the effect of fractionated high-dose total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) onthe servival of skin allograft despite major histocompatibility difference. Total lymphoid irraditation is arelatively safe form of radiotherapy, has been used extensively to treat lymphoid malignancies in humans with fewside effects. A total of 90 rats, Sprague-Dawley rat as recipient and Wistar rat as donor, were used for theexperiment, of which 10 rats were used to determine mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) for antigenic difference andskin allografts was performed in 30 rats given total lymphoid irradiation to assess the immunosuppressive effectof total lymphoid irradiation despite major histocompatibility difference. In addition, the peripheral white bloodcell counts and the proportion of lymphocytes was studied in 10 rats given total lymphoid irradiation but no skingraft to determine the effects of bone marrow suppression. The results obtained are summerized as follows. 1. Theoptimum dose of total lymphoid irradiation was between 1800 rads to 2400 rads. 2. The survival of skin graft onrats given total lymphoid irradiation (23.2±6.0days) was prolonged about three folds as compared to unirradiated-control (8.7±1.3 days). 3. Total lymphoid irradiation resulted in a severe leukopneia with marked lymphopenia,but the count was normal by the end of 3rd week. 4. The study suggests that total lymphoid irradiation is anonlethal procedure that could be used successfully in animals to transplant allograft across major-histocompatibility barriers.
Allografts ; Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Histocompatibility ; Humans ; Lymphatic Irradiation ; Lymphocytes ; Radiotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

The effect of radiation on the liver should be of unusual interest in as much as there are two highly specialized kinds of epithelium besides an important endothelial system and vascular and fibrous elements tocompare, But there are several difficulites in the way of knowledge of the sensitivity and reaction of the liverto radiation. Perhaps the most important is the regenerative abillity of the liver cells. It has been assumed that the liver as an organ is relatively resistant to radiation injury. Yet there are reports of necrosis of the liverin man resulting from doses of radiation which have not caused a skin reaction or any demonstrable effect on the stomach. The author made an experiment to elucidate more clearly the changes in resum enezymes and histopathology of rat's liver following irradiation to the liver with a single dose of 2,000 rads. The resuls obtained are asfollows; 1. Serum SGOT activities were significatnly elevated, 1 and 2 weeks after irradiation, and normalized after 4 weeks. 2. Serum SGPT activities were significantly elevated 2 weeks after irradiation, and normalized after4 weeks. 3. Alakline phosphatase activity were significantly elevated 1, 2 and 4 weeks after irradiation, and normalized after 8 weeks. 4. Histopathologic changes were focal necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, loss of intra cytoplasmic glycogen particles, and vacuolar degenerations of hepatocytes. It appeared marked 2 weeks after irradiation, restored after 4 weeks, and normalized after 8 weeks.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelium ; Glycogen ; Hepatitis ; Hepatocytes ; Liver ; Necrosis ; Radiation Injuries ; Skin ; Stomach

A study has been made on the skin response of mouse hind limb to radiation to evaluate the difference of skin response to superfractionation and conventional fractionation schedules, and to optimize the time interval betweenfractions and the dose per fraction in the superfractionated irradiation. 96 mouse hind limbs were dvided into 12groups and were irradiated with 10 consecutive fractions by intervals of 6, 12 or 24 hours and dose per fractionsof 400, 500, 600 or 700 rads. The skin changes of the irradiated hind limb were observed for 30 days and the skin response were analyzed. The results are as follows; 1. There was no significant difference of early skin response along the time interval, from 6 to 24 hours, up to 600 rads per fraction. 2. Mean duration to maximum skin reaction in superfractionation (15.48±2.80 days) is shorter than in conventional fractionation (18.05±3.20 days)by 2.57 days. (p<0.05). 3. Optimum time interval betwen fractions in superfractionation may be 6 hours or less. 4. Optimum dose per fraction in superfractionation may be 500 rads or less.
Animals ; Appointments and Schedules ; Extremities ; Mice ; Skin

NO abstract available.
Brain* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Radiologic findings of the 29 cases of radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis diagnosed by chest radiography atSeoul National University Hospital were evaluated and compared with clinical symptoms according to the passage oftime after radiation therapy. The resuls were as follows; 1. The first radiographic signs of radiation pneumonitisand fibrosis were observed 7.6 weeks and 19.3 weeks after radiation therapy respectively. Especially in 8 cases ofsmall cell ca., they were found 5.6 weeks and 10.4 weeks, appearing slinghtly earlier than those of 12 cases ofsquamous cell ca. of lung. 2. The appearing time and severity of the radiographic changes of radiation pneumonitisand fibrosis had no specific relationship with field size, tumor dose or time-dose-fractionation factors of thetreatment. 3. The most constant and characteristic radiological finding of radiation pneumonitis was the sharp andstraight margin of the lesion, which was not that of normal anatomical structures of the lung. Other findings werediffuse haziness, indistinct normal pulmonary markings, alveolar and nodular densities, air-bronchograms andindistinctness of heart border. In radiation fibrosis stage, the lesion characteristic and constant finding. Otherfindings were indistinctness of heart border, diaphragmatic tenting and compensatory emphysema.
Emphysema ; Fibrosis ; Heart ; Lung ; Radiation Pneumonitis ; Radiography ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Cyclophosphamide*

To determine the radiosensitivity and dose-urvival characteristics of jejunal crypt cells, experimental study was done using total 40 mice. Single irradiation of 1,000rad to 1,600rad was delivered to whole bodies of mice, using a cesium 137 animal irradiator. The number of regenerating crypts per jejunal circumference was counted, by using a jejunal crypt cell assay technique, and dose response curve was measured. The average number of jejunal crypt per circumference in control group was 140+/-10. Mean lethal dose(D0) of mouse jejunal crypt cell was 135rad.
Animals ; Cesium ; Jejunum* ; Mice* ; Radiation Tolerance*

The interaction of radiation and 5-luorouracil (5-U) on mouse jejunal crypt cells was studied using the microcolony survival assay. 150mg/kg of 5-U was injected intraperitoneally 15 minutes before irradiation and 6 hours after irradiation. Jejunal crypt cells of mouse survived more when 5-U was given 15 minutes before irradiation than giving it 6 hours after irradiation. The mean lethal doses (Do) of each of irradiation alone group, 5-U injection group of 15 minutes preceding irradiation, and 5-U injection group of 6 hours post irradiation were. 135, 135, and 114 rad respectively. The dose effect factor (DEF) of each of 5-U injection groups of 15 minutes preceding irradiation and of 6 hours post irradiation were 1.13 and 1.27.
Animals ; Mice*

PURPOSE: For early stage non-small-cell lung cancer, surgical resection is the treatment of choice. But when the patients are not able to tolerate it because of medical problem and when refuse surgery, radiation therapy is considered an acceptable alternative. We report on the treatment results and the effect of achieving local control of primary tumors on survival end points, and analyze factors that may influence survival and local control. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We reviewed the medical records of 32 patients with medically inoperable non-small cell lung cancer treated at our institution from June, 1987 through June, 1997. All patients had a pathologic diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer and were not candidate for surgical resection because of either patients refusal (4), old age (2), lung problem (21), chest wall invasion (3) and heart problems (3). In 8 patients, there were more than 2 problems. The median age of the patients was 68 years (ranging from 60 to 86 years). Histologic cell type included squamous (24), adenocarcinoma (6) and unclassified squamous cell (2). The clinical stages of the patients were T1 in 5, T2 in 25, T3 in 2 patients. Initial tumor size was < or =3.0 cm in 11, between 3.0 cm and 5.0 cm in 13 and more than 5.0 cm in 8 patients. All patients had taken chest x-rays, chest CT, abdomen USG and bone scan. Radiotherapy was delivered using 6 MV or 10 MV linear accelerators. The doses of primary tumor were the ranging from 54.0 Gy to 68.8 Gy (median; 61.2 Gy). The duration of treatment was from 37 days through 64 days (median; 48.5 days) and there was no treatment interruption except 1 patient due to poor general status. In 12 patients, concomitant boost technique was used. There were no neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatments such as surgery or chemotherapy. The period of follow-up was ranging from 2 months through 93 months (median; 23 months). Survival was measured from the date radiation therapy was initiated. RESULTS: The overall survival rate was 44.6% at 2 years and 24.5% at 5 years, with the median survival time of 23 months. Of the 25 deaths, 7 patients died of intercurrent illness, and cause-specific survival rate was 61.0% at 2 years and 33.5% at 5 years. The disease-free survival rate was 38.9% at 2 years and 28.3 % at 5 years. The local-relapse-free survival rate was 35.1%, 28.1%, respectively. On univariate analysis, tumor size was significant variable of overall survival ( p=0.0015, 95% C.I.; 1.4814-5.2815), disease-free survival ( p=0.0022, 95% C.I.; 1.4707-5.7780) and local-relapse-free survival ( p=0.0048, 95% C.I.; 1.2910- 4.1197). T stage was significant variable of overall survival ( p=0.0395, 95% C.I.; 1.1084-65.9112) and had borderline significance on disease-free survival ( p=0.0649, 95% C.I.; 0.8888-50.7123) and local-relapse-free survival ( p= 0.0582, 95% C.I.; 0.9342-52.7755). On multivariate analysis, tumor size had borderline significance on overall survival ( p=0.6919, 955 C.I.; 0.9610-5.1277) and local-relapse-free survival ( p=0.0585, 95% C.I.; 0.9720- 4.9657). Tumor size was also significant variable of disease-free survival ( p=0.0317, 95% C.I.; 1.1028-8.4968). CONCLUSION: Radical radiotherapy is an effective treatment for small (T1 or < or =3 cm) tumors and can be offered as alternative to surgery in elderly or infirmed patients. But when the size of tumor is larger than 5 cm, there were few long-term survivors treated with radiotherapy alone. The use of hyperfractionated radiotherapy, endobronchial boost, radisensitizer and conformal or IMRT should be consider to improve the local control rate and disease-specific survival rate.
Abdomen ; Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Disulfiram ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Particle Accelerators ; Radiotherapy* ; Survival Rate ; Survivors ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed