Neuroretinitis (NR) is an inflammation of the optic nerve and the neural retina. NR is diagnosed clinically, and it is characterized by blurring of vision (BOV), optic disc swelling, and macular star exudates. Spontaneous resolution of NR is possible, but corticosteroids help in hastening recovery. Rarely, Salmonella typhi infection may produce an immune-mediated reaction that can cause NR. Immune-mediated retinitis occurs 3 to 6 weeks after the febrile period of a typhoid infection. We present the case of a 55-year-old female with a two-week history of painless, unilateral BOV occurring five weeks after the initial febrile episode of a typhoid infection. A diagnosis of NR was made after fundus examination on the affected eye showed optic disc edema and macular star exudates. An eight-week course of corticosteroid treatment afforded partial resolution of the disc edema and significant reduction in the macular exudates, and improved the patient’s vision after six months.
Salmonella typhi ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

Any health care delay in the management of patients with retinoblastoma increases the risk of tumor invasion and permanent loss of vision in the affected eye.1 2 Factors that affect the speed of medical management, such as low physician density, few ophthalmology specialists, and limited third-level referral centers in a locality have been linked to poor health outcomes among patients with retinoblastoma.3 4 5 6 7 A two-month lag between the onset of symptoms and treatment of retinoblastoma has been associated with poor prognosis (i.e., tumor invasion and metastasis),8 9 while a six-month delay in diagnosis has been associated with high mortality rates.
Retinoblastoma

Endophthalmitis is the inflammation of the intraocular cavities, and panophthalmitis is its most severe form.1 2 3 In panophthalmitis, there is a marked inflammation of the surrounding orbital structures, manifested by severe eyelid edema, proptosis, chemosis and eye movement limitations.4 If left untreated, endophthalmitis could lead to irreversible vision loss and systemic complications.
Klebsiella ; Panophthalmitis

Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer in childhood in the Philippines. Most data though on demographics, clinical profile, treatment options, and outcomes in the country are from the National Capital Region. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the demographics, clinical profile, treatment done, and outcomes of retinoblastoma patients seen in a public tertiary referral center in Davao from 2011-2020 to make available literature more representative of the status of retinoblastoma in the Philippines. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using the records of retinoblastoma patients seen in a tertiary government hospital located in Davao Region from January 2011 to December 2020. Results: There were 157 patients included in the analysis. Seventy-three (46%) were female with 44% coming from the Davao Region. One hundred seven (69%) patients had unilateral disease. Median age at initial consultation for patients with unilateral disease was significantly older than those with bilateral disease (p<0.003). Tumors were extraocular in 82 (40%) eyes. In the intraocular group, 36% of the eyes belonged to International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB) Groups D and E. Enucleation was the most commonly performed treatment. Survival rate was 28%. This is the first report to provide epidemiologic and clinical data on retinoblastoma in the literature, including survival data, from Mindanao. Advanced stages and extraocular cases of retinoblastoma remain high. Delay of consultation contributed to the prognosis and clinical outcome of the disease. Conclusion. Advanced stages and extraocular cases of retinoblastoma remain significantly high in the country, even in Mindanao.
Retinoblastoma ; Therapeutics ; Survival Rate