Objective To evaluate the endourethral surgery for urethrostenosis and urethratresia. Methods 364 patients with an average age of 43 suffered from urethrostenosis or urethratresia 1 month to 23 years were treated by endourethral surgery,such as internal urethrotomy,transurethral scar resection.The average length of the stricture or atresia was 2.2 cm.Some experiences were summed up. Results Of the 364 cases,the outcome was satisfactory in 343 ( 94.23%).Endourethral surgery was carried out twice for 34 patients and thrice for 18 with successful outcome, 20 patients required open surgery because of urethral angulation caused by pelvic fracture.268 patients have been followed up for 4～138 months,satisfactory voiding has been achieved. Conclusions Endourethral surgery is a safe and efficient treatment for urethrostenosis and urethratresia.It should be considered the treatment of first choice for major urethrostenosis and urethratresia.

Objective To evaluate depression and pedicl ed omental packing for the treatment of adult polycystic kidney. Met hods Depression and pedicled omental packing was carried out for 16 patients with polycystic kidney. Results Success has bee n achieved in all and 14 patients have been followed up for 1 month to 6 years. Conclusions Depression and pedicled omental packing for the treatment of adult polycystic kidney is feasible and yields good result.

Objective To measure the concentration of electrolytes such as potassium,sodium,chloride,calcium in EPS and urine of patients with chronic prostatitis and to analyze the correlation of the electrolytes in different patient groups. Methods The concentrations of potassium,sodium,chloride and calcium in EPS and urine of 31 controls and 79 patients with prostatitis were measured and analyzed. Results There was no significant difference between the patients and normal controls in electrolytical concentration of potassium,sodium,calcium except chloride (P=0.001).The concentration of chloride in the patients was significantly higher than that in the normal controls.In the treatment effective group, potassium concentrations were decreased from 40.66?17.10 to 33.42?17.27 mmol/L after treatment.In the treatment ineffective group, potassium concentrations were (37.57?16.93)mmol/L before treatment and 50.66?18.77 mmol/L after treatment.Potassium concentrations were 36.02?12.36 and 48.90?16.93 mmol/L in the pain group and painless group,respectively.There were positive correlations between the concentrations of potassium and calcium of EPS,sodium and chloride of urine as well. Conclusions The concentrations of potassium in EPS are obviously different between the effective group and ineffective group or the pain group and painless group.There is a close relationship between the concentration of potassium and calcium of EPS,sodium and chloride of urine; and they are positively correlated.

Objective To explore the correlation between prostate neuroendocrine cells and chronic prostatitis via substance P (SP) detection.Methods Forty SPF-level SD male rats in two months old were randomized into two groups:the chronic prostatitis model group and the control group,20 in each.The model was induced by castration surgery under aseptic condition and post-castration injection of 17-β estrogen for 1 month duration.The control group was done by injection of 0.9％ NS without castration surgery.Making sure that the chronic prostatitis model was made successfully,then SP quantification in the 2 groups was analyzed via ELISA and immunohistochemical staining.Results The difference of SP in the 2 groups was significant (P =0.009) and SP was expressed highly in the model rats compared with controls.Conclusion The relationship between prostate neuroendocrine cells and chronic prostatitis is notable,maybe they participate in progress of chronic prostatitis.

ObjectiveTo define the difference of urine analysis result,α1-microglobulin (α1-MG) and β2-microglobulin ( β2-MG) between those patients suffering from calcium oxalate stone,non-calcium oxalate stone and non-urolithiasis controls at the same time period.MethodsData from 100 patients admitted to the Department of Urology,First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from July,2010 to September,2010 were reviewed.66 patients (45 men,21 women) suffered from urolithiasis,and 34 patients (22 men,12 women) were non-urolithiasis.Patients' ages in urolithiasis group varied from 13 to 78 years and the male to female ratio was 2.1∶1.0.The patients in non-urolithiasis controlgroup aged from 12 to 80 years and the male to female ratio was 1.8∶1.0.Blood and urine were taken from the patient the next morning after admission.The biochemistry from blood and 24 h urine were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer.The α 1-MG and β2-MG content were measured by radioimmunoassay.The stone compositions were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy.ResultsThere was difference in the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen among three groups ( P ＜ 0.05).In controls,those with calcium oxalate stone had higher level of urinary α1-MG and β2-MG,but there were no differences in the urinary electrolyte levels.Group of non-calcium oxalate stones urinary uric acid levels were higher than calcium oxalate and control groups,the difference was statistically significant.ConclusionsIn the formation of uric acid stones,uric acid increased as independent risk factors.α1-MG,β2-MG may promote the formation of calcium oxalate stones.

Neurogenic bladder caused by herpes zoster is not common.An 86 years old male patient with 6 months of dysuria and urinary retention caused by herpes zoster underwent sacral neuromodulation (SNM) operation. The symptoms of dysuria and fecal incontinence were improved significantly after operation.

Objective To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Methods 8 patients with primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were reviewed from April, 2012 to April, 2015.The mean age was 58 years old, ranging 43-68 years old.Color Doppler echocardiography examination showed that there were round or oval regular tumors in the scrotum, which the diameter ranged from 3.5 to 8.0 cm, mean 5.5 cm.There was no abnormal changes among abdomen and pelvic cavity in CT scan and tumor markers examination.The radical orchiectomy were performed in all patients.After opening the tunica vaginalis, a hard texture tumor could be found, which has the vague border line with normal tissue.All patients were diagnosed according to the combination of morpbologic and immunohistochemical examination after operating.Results All patients accepted operation successfully.The mean operation time was 34 minutes, ranging 25-40 minutes.8 cases were diagnosed as primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after operating.Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CD20, BCL-6 were positive.CD3, CD10, CK were negative.All patients received adjuvant chemotherapy with RCHOP(cytoxan 750 mg/m2, adriamycin 50mg/m2, leurocnstine 1.4 mg/m2, prednisone 60 mg/m2 ,rituximab 375 mg/m2) regimen over 6 cycles, which was conducted once every three weeks, one week post-operatively.The follow up duration ranged from 6 to 36 months, mean 17 months.All patients survived at the end of this study with no sign of recurrence and metastasis.Conclusions The patients with primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are rare.The radical orchiectomy is recommended.And RCHOP chemotherapy should be considered one week post-operatively.The short term outcome of the treatment is satisfactory.But the long term outcome should be further studied.

Objective To investigate the change of intracellular calcium ion concentration in prostate smooth muscle cells of SD rats with chronic abacterial prostatitis under high potassium solution.Methods SD rats were divided into experiment group and control group.The CP model was set up by castration and estradiol injection.The PSMC was cultured and purified in vitro.Laser confocal scanning microscope was used after the ceils were incubated with Quest Fluo-8TM.The cells were treated with high potassium solution,and the change of fluorescence intensity was observed.Results The pathologic specimens of the experiment group showed typical pathologic characteristics of chronic prostatitis under light microscope,the control group without inflammation performance.Using immunocytochemistry method confirmed that the experiment group and the control group were prostate smooth muscle cells.The change of fluorescence intensity of [Ca2+] i in the experiment group and control group in the high potassium solution was 27.86 ± 9.88 and 7.61 ± 4.31.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions High potassium solution cause intracellular calcium ion concentration increased.

Objective To investigate the effect of reptroperitoneal laparoscopic operation on the parameters of platelet, D-dimer and thrombomodulin(TM). Methods Forty cases were divided into two groups according to the operative way, retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation (n= 20) and open operation (n=20). Blood samples were taken preoperatively and at the end of the surgery. The following parameters were measured and compared within each group and between groups: platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distributionwidth(PDW), D-dimer, TM. ResultsThere were no significant differences for the PLT, PDW, MPV, TM and D-dimer between before and after operation in each group. There was no difference between 2 groups either for all these indicators.No patients from either group suffered thrombosis or abnormal bleeding as a pastoperative complication. Conclusion Compared with the conventional operation, retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation dioesd not induce more change on parameters of platelet, D-dimer and TM.