Objective To investigate the expression of LRP16 gene in lung cancer, and explore its clinicopathological significance. Methods Fresh resected tissues from 54 patients with primary lung cancer were collected and the clinicopathological data were gathered. The expression of LRP16 protein in cancer tissues and the matched normal tissues were determined by Western blotting, and the relationship between LRP16 expression and clinicopathological data was analyzed. It was defined as overexpression when the LRP16 expression of cancer tissues was twice or more higher than that of matched normal tissues. Results The LRP16 was overexpressed in 15 out of 54 patients with lung cancer (27.8%). Among the 23 patients with adencarcinoma, the overexpression of LRP16 was found in 11 cases (47.8%), while in the patients with squamous carcinoma, the overexpression of LRP16 was only found in 4 out of 27 cases (14.8%), and there was a significant difference between the two groups (Pearson test, P=0.0258). Besides, very low expression or non-expression of LRP16 was found in 2 large cell lung cancer and 2 small cell lung cancer. The overexpression rate of LRP16 was 20.0% (2/10) in tumor with diameter less than 3cm and 29.5% (13/44) in tumor with diameter ≥3cm, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (Pearson test, P=0.7224). Conclusions There were significant differences of LRP16 overexpression in cases of adencarcinoma or squamous carcinoma with or without lymphatic metastasis. It is suggested that LRP16 is a tumor-related gene of lung cancer, and may play an important role in molecular staging of lung cancer.

Objective To summarize the characteristics on diagnosis and therapy of adult diaphragmatic eventration. Method The clinical data of 26 patients with adult diaphragmatic eventration, hospitalized in General Hospital of PLA from 1988 to 2009, were retrospectively analyzed. The 26 patients, 14 males and 12 females, were aged from 26 to 66 (mean 44.0?5.7), with disease course of 8 months to 17 years. Among them 25 suffered from left and 1 from right diaphragmatic eventration; 24 with total and 2 with localized diaphragmatic eventration; of them 2 without symptoms were detected in physical examination, and among the 24 remainders 18 were with the symptoms of thoracic discomfort after eating, 8 with dyspnea after activities, 14 with hiccup, vomiting and abdominal discomfort. Most of the patients had more than one symptom. All patients received operations via the chest cavity under general anesthesia, 24 cases were performed by double mattress suture with diaphragm discission, while 2 cases by fold suture without diaphragm discission. Results Symptoms relief was reported in 24 patients at the early stage after operation. Eighteen patients were followed up for one year, and 15 of them received chest radiograph, among whom the normal diaphragm localization were in 13 cases and relatively higher diaphragm localization in 2 cases, while the other 3 patients received no re-examination of chest radiograph. Among the 18 cases receiving one year of follow-up, 10 cases got complete disappearance of symptoms, 6 cases got symptoms relieved or partially disappeared, and 2 patients got symptom relapsed. Conclusion Surgical outcome, especially the double mattress suture is satisfactory for adult diaphragmatic eventration.

Objective To review and sum up the clinicopathologic features and surgical therapeutic efficacy of intrathoracic Castleman′s disease (CD). Methods 14 patients with intrathoracic Castleman′s disease, 7 in each sex, aged from 19 to 52, admitted during 1982 to 2005, all underwent surgical treatment, among which 11 with localized type and 3 with multicentric type, were retrospective analyzed on their clinicopathologic features, radiological signs, treatment and prognosis. Results Clinically, 3 patients of localized type were with systematic symptoms; all the patients of multicentric type were with various severity systematic symptoms. Pathological type: 9 cases with hyaline vascular type (HV), 2 cases with Plasma type (PC), and 3 cases with Mixed type (Mix). A different pattern of pathologic alterations existed between HV、PC and Mix types of CD. Radiological features: in localized type of CD, the lesion presented as a solitary soft-tissue mass with a mean diameter of 5.05cm, the mean CT value was 37.39HU. In 3 cases with multicentric type of CD, diffuse mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion were observed. All patients survived after surgical resection, long-term survival was achieved in 11 cases with localized type and 2 cases with multicentric type, no recurrence occurred in the 13 patients. Recurrence occurred twice in a patient with multicentric Mix type in the fourth and the ninth year after surgery, respectively, thus the operative treatment followed. Conclusions The diagnosis of CD is based mainly on its histopathological features. The patients with intrathoracic localized type of CD and part of the patients with multicentric type CD could be cured, while part of the patients with multicentric type CD got a poor therapeutic efficacy and unfavorable prognosis even underwent with radiotherapy and integrated treatment.

Thoracoscopic esophagectomy is an alternative to open thoracotomy in treatment of esophageal carcinoma, but its role in esophageal surgery is still controversial. Between May 2000 and May 2002, 9 patients affected by esophageal carcinoma underwent esophagectomy with thoracoscopic dissection of the esophagus. Seven patients were male, 2 were female,and the mean age was 51 (range, 42～56) years.One patient had the carcinoma at cervical segment, 2 at upper third thoracic segment, 5 at middle third, and 1 at lower third.All tumors were squamous cell type and were below stage II.Thoracoscopy and cervical esophagogastrostomy were successfully performed in 8 patients except in one case, in whom conversion to thoracotomy was necessary because of extensive tumor invasion.Thoracoscopic dissection took an average of 70 (range,40～120) minutes and the mean operative time was 252(range,230～270) minutes. the mean operative blood loss was 250ml (range,150～400ml) and the mean number of thoracic lymph nodes harvested was 7(range,5～12).One patient experienced a cervical infection,which healed with conservative treatment.One patient had a temporary left recurrent nerve palsy that disappeared during the following 6 months.These initial data indicate that thoracoscopic esophagectomy is safe and feasible. The short term result of thoracoscopy is comparable with that of open thoracotomy, and the long term result and its role in esophageal surgery deserve further investigation.

Objective: To investigate the high risk factors of occurring the syndrome of cerebral-internal organs in the patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage(ACH).Methods: The serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone(ACTH) were measured by electrochemical radiation in acute period of 37 cases with ACH and 24 cases with cerebral infarction,and compared to those of the 30 healthy controls.The correlations among levels of serum FSH,TSH,ACTH and condition of illness,amount of hemorrhage,critical chamber hemorrhage and the displacement of cerebral mid-line structures were observed.Results: The levels of FSH and TSH were significantly lower,and the levels of ACTH were obviously higher in cases with ACH and cerebral infarction than those of healthy volunteers,and their changes in levels were more obvious in patients with ACH than in patients with cerebral infarction (all P

BACKGROUND:Under physiological conditions, nerve roots can move along with the movement of limbs and spine. However, the mechanisms of nerve root stretch injury under physiological conditions and the neurological dysfunction after injury are unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To review the reason of nerve root stretch injury, and to analyze the mechanism of nerve function from biomechanics, pathology and neurophysiology.
METHODS:A computer-based online search of PubMed database was undertaken by the first author to identify the articles related to the research of nerve root injury and nerve stretch injury between 1990 and 2012, with the key words of“nerve root, nerve, stretch injury”. A total of 391 articles were screened out. The articles on the anatomy and biomechanics research of nerve root were included, as wel as the pathology and neurophysiology research after nerve root stretch injury. Final y, 44 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Nerve root can be stretched along with limbs and spine movement. However, diseases or trauma may cause pathological nerve root stretch, and thus leading neurological dysfunction. The nerve root is often influenced stretch because of its anatomical and tissue structure. Mechanical injury mechanism of stretch composes of peripheral (peripheral nerve conduction stress) and central mechanism (displacement of spinal cord content). Pathological studies found that the local fibrosis is caused by the extracted serum protein that difficult to remove after injury, and this is because of the shortage of lymphatic system in nerve roots. Fibrosis can cause nerve root ischemia, affect the nerve function, and change the biomechanical properties of nerve root. Nerve root injury can cause primary and secondary injury of internal axons, and this is the main reason for neurological dysfunction after injury.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the therapeutic effect of free anterolateral thigh flap for the treatment of burn scar carcinoma.

METHODSFrom Jun. 2005 to Feb. 2013, 10 cases with burn scar carcinoma at craniofacial area and extremities underwent radical excision and transposition of free anterolateral thigh flaps for the leaving wounds.

RESULTSThe flaps in 10 cases survived completely and primarily without any complications. The operation time was 7 hours in average. The patients were followed up for 5 months to 2 years (1 year, in average) without no recurrence and no functional morbidity in donor sites. The cosmetic results were satisfactory in all the cases, even with hair growth in 6 cases.

CONCLUSIONThe free anterolateral thigh flap is suitable for the treatment of burn scar carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Burns ; complications ; Cicatrix ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps

Objective To evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of comprehensive control measures of schistosomia?sis in Caidian District, Wuhan City. Methods The data of implementation of the schistosomiasis control measures in Caidian District was collected and analyzed statistically. Results The number of Oncomelania hupensis snail environments and snail area decreased from 213 sites and 223.47 hm2 in 2003 to 59 sites and 51.20 hm2 in 2013, with the decreasing rate of 72.30%and 77.09%, respectively. The infection rate of schistosomiasis of human decreased from 1.58%in 2006 to 0.24%in 2013, with the decreasing rate of 84.81%. The positive rate of stool tests of cattle was 2.19%in 2006 while it was 0 in 2013. Conclusion The comprehensive control measures of schistosomiasis are effective.

Objective No related training experience, no systematic training before military training, psychological negative emotions(tension and anxiety) and low frequency of physical activities(less than three times a week) have been considered as crucial risk factors of high intensive military training induced acute kidney injury.This paper aims to discuss whether these risk factors can be used for screening high risk groups.Methods Soldiers were divided into 5 groups based on the questionnaire survey:Group1 had no risk factor, Group2 had 1 risk factor, Group3 had 2 risk factors, Group4 had 3 risk factors, and Group5 had 4 risk factors.Urine samples were collected after 6 h and 24 h of 5 km armed military training.Kidney injury indicators were compared such as urine protein, urine occult blood test, urine micro-albumin ( mALB) , urine N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase( NAG) among different groups.Results As the risk factors increased, the incidence of positive urinary protein 6 h after training increased (x2 =101.8,P<0.001),and the levels of mALB and NAG of urine samples were elevated as well.The analysis among moderate and high risk groups(Group3-5) showed that the levels of mALB and NAG of urine samples 24 h after training increased with the number of risk factors.The mean value of these injury indicators reached to the maximum in Group 5.Conclusion No related training experience, no systematic training before military training, psychological negative emotions( tension and anxiety) and low frequency of physical activi-ties(less than three times a week) are independent risk factors of high intensive military training induced acute kidney inju-ry,which can be used for screening high risk individuals during training.

Objective To investigate the content of cadmium in shellfish in Guangdong Province and make dietary exposure assessment of cadmium in shellfish.Methods The shellfish samples were collected from Pearl River Delta,Eastern and Western Guangdong Province using random sampling method.Point assessment method was used to evaluate the exposure of dietary cadmium intake from shellfish.The risk of dietary cadmium exposure from shellfish were evaluated.Results Three hundred and seven samples were included in the analysis.The median concentration of cadmium in shellfish was 0.630 mg/kg and the exceeding standard rate was 23.8％ (73/307).The exceeding standard rates in Eastern Guangdong,Western Guangdong and Pearl River Delta were 19.4％ (13/67),23.5％ (16/68),and 25.6％ (44/172),respectively.The corresponding median concentration of cadmium were 0.530,0.806 and 0.853 mg/kg,and the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.94,P ＞ 0.05).The average (P50) and high level (P97.5) daily intake of cadmium from shellfish by the total survey population was 0.957 μg/d,and 4.511 μg/d,respectively.The monthly intake of cadmium associated with shellfish calculated from average and P97.5 exposure doses accounted for 1.91％ and 9.02％ of PTMI,respectively.Conclusion The cadmium content of some shellfish in Guangdong Province exceeded the standard.However,the cadmium intake from shellfish by the survey population was not high.