BACKGROUND:Orthotopic lung transplantation model in a rat is the key to investigate the chronic rejection after lung transplantation. However, the precise surgical technique and difficult operation limit the application of the model. OBJECTIVE:To improve the process of anesthesia and lung transplantation, and to establish a rapid, safe and reversible rat lung transplantation model. METHODS:A total of 42 rats were used to establish the model, including 21 donor models and 21 receptor models. The donor lung was excised by median sternotomy with dissection of the left lung and implantation of cuffs (intravenous catheters cut into 1.5 mm sections). The left lung was implanted in the recipient by lateral thoracotomy using the cuffs for anastomoses. The duration of surgery and success rate of transplantation were recorded and calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The survival rate of rats after lung transplantation was 100%. The time of left donor lung extraction was (35.3±5.1) minutes in average. The time of placing cuff in donor lung was (12.5±4.6) minutes in average. The surgical procedure time of recipient was (50.2±3.3) minutes. The time of arteriovenous and bronchus casing anastomosis was (27.7±6.2) minutes. After pulmonary artery and vein blood flow was disparked, the whole lung turned red rapidly, blood perfusion was sufficient, venous returned unimpeded;after mechanical ventilation resumed, al graft lungs expanded wel . This improved anesthesia and lung transplantation technique in rats can provide a valid, reliable and reproducible animal model for studying immune responses and rejection in lung transplantation.

Objective To investigate the changes of circulaling progenitor cells and endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)in non-septic and septic shock patients using flow cytometry.Method A total of 27 sepsis patients hospitalized in emergency department of Zhongshan hospital during August 2007 to February 2008 were enrolled in this study.The patients were dividedinto septic shock group(n=12)and non-septic shock group(n=15).Ten healthy individuals and ten non-sepsis ICU patients were collected as controls.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation,and EPCs labelled with antibodies against CDl33,CD34 and VEGFR-2 were identified and isolated by three-color fluorescence flow cytometry.Differences within the groups were analyzed using One way ANOVA.Results The percentages ofprogenitor cells and EPCs in the PBMC fraction in healthy controls were(0.25%4-0.14%),(0.09%-I-0.02%),respectively,and those in ICU controls were(O.38%.4-0.29%),(0.12%.4-0.02%).The percentages of progenitor cells and EPCs were significantly higher in栅sel如c shock patients(0.57%±0.12%),(0.22%.4-0.10%)than in heathy and non-sepsis ICU controls(P<0.05).However.the percentages of progenitor cells and EPC8 in septic shock pa.tienta(O.20%±0.12%,0.04%-t-O.01%)was obviousely lower than those in healthy,ICU controls and ilionseptic shock patients(P<0.05).Sptic shock survivors had significantly higher numbers of cEPCs than nonsur.vivors(P<0.05).Conclusions The level of progenitor cells and EPC8 in peipheral blood of sepsis patients might be the valuable markers to as.se88 the severity and outcome ofthese ptienS.

Abstract Objective To compare the quality of life in long-term hemodialysis patients using tunnel cuffed catheter with arterio-venous fistula. Methods Thirty patients using tunnel cuffed catheter (catheter group) and another 30 patients using arterio-venous fistula (fistula group) were observed. The rate of infection,thrombus and blood flow were recorded. The lab examinations such as blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,serum electrolyte,hemoglobin, C reactive protein, parathyrine, β2 microglobulin were measured,subjective global assessment (SGA) was made, KT/V and urea reduction ratio (URR) were calculated.Quality of life was surveyed with KDQOL-SFTM questionnaire and to conduct comparative analysis. Results KT/V was 1.49 ± 0.25 in catheter group, and 1.45 ± 0.28 in fistula group, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The lab examinations and SGA were similar in two groups. There were no significant difference of quality of life between the two groups except for pain (the score in catheter group was significantly higher than that in fistula group). The rate of infection was significantly higher in catheter group than that in fistula group. The rate of thrombus was similar in two groups. Conclusions As alternative of fistula in patients whose fistula could not be established, the tunnel cuffed catheter could give adequate dialysis and satisfactory quality of life,and is predominating in pain-reducing. The rates of infection and thrombus are decreased, but maintain the important problems to be solved.

Objective To investigate the genetic variants in the protein C (PC) and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) genes associated with the risk and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients in Chinese Han race.Methods Five tagSNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP) in the PC and EPCR genes were genotyped in patients with ARDS (n =275) and non-ARDS (n =337) in order to find the association between them in this case-control study.The SNPs were genotyped by SNPstream Beckman platform.Then,the correlation between the associated SNPs and plasma levels of activated protein C (APC) in patients with ARDS was investigated.The APC levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results Association analysis rcvealed that two PC SNPs in perfect linkage disequilibrium,rs1799809 and rs1158867,were significantly associated with susceptibility to ARDS.T allele frequency of rs1799809 in ARDS patients was significantly higher than that in non-ARDS patients (OR =1.569,95％ CI:1.192-2.066).And the genotype frequencies of rs1799809 were also significantly different between these two groups (P =0.007).The association remained significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons.Haplotype consisting of three SNPs in the PC gene was also associated with susceptibility to ARDS.The frequency of haplotype CCC in the ARDS samples was significantly lower than that in the non-ARDS group (P ＜ 0.01).Moreover,ARDS patients canrying rs1799809 TT genotype showed lower serum levels of APC than patients with TC and CC genotypes (Padj =0.02).However,genotype and allele analyses of EPCR did not show any significant difference between ARDS and non-ARDS patients.Conclusions These findings indicated that common genetic variation in the PC gene was significantly associated with susceptibility to ARDS in Chinese Han race.The PC genetic variation influenced plasma concentration of APC in patients with ARDS.

Objective To investigate the possible association of IRAK4 polymorphisms with susceptibility to and prognosis of severe sepsis.Methods A total of 192 patients hospitalized in emergency department of Zhongshan Hospital from February 2006 to December 2009,and another 192 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this case-control study.Patients were excluded if they had metastatic tumors,autoimmune diseases,AIDS or received immunosuppressive drugs.This study was approved by the ethical committee of Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University.Sepsis patients were divided into survival group(n =124)and non-survival group(n =68)according to the 30-day mortality.Primer 3 software was used to design the PCR and sequencing primers.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Seven tagSNPs were selected based on the data of Chinese Han in Beijing from the Hapmap projectand genotyped by direct sequencing.We used x2 analysis to evaluate the significance of differences in genotype and allele frequencies between different groups.Results The distributions of all tagSNPs were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The allele and genotype frequencies of rs4251545(G/A)were significantly different between severe sepsis and healthy control groups(P =0.015,P =0.035,respectively).Carriers of the rs4251545A had a higher risk for severe sepsis compared with carriers of the rs4251545G(OR =1.69,95％ CI:1.10-2.58).The allele and genotype frequencies of all SNPs were not significantly different between survivor group and non-survivor group.Conclusions These findings indicated that the variants in IRAK4 are significantly associated with severe sepsis susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.

Objective To investigate the possible association of TLR4 polymorphisms with susceptibility and prognosis of SCAP.Method A total of 360 CAP patients hospitalized in emergency department of Zhongshan hospital from May 2005 to April 2008 were enrolled in this case-control study.Patients were excluded if they had metastatic tumors,autoimmune diseases,AIDS or received immunosuppressive drugs.This study was approved by the ethical committee of Zhongshan hospital,Fudan University.Patients were divided into SCAP group(n = 180)and NSCAP group(n = 180)according to the illness severity,and were divided into survival group(n = 300)and death group(n = 60)according to the 30-day mortality.Hapmap database of Han Chinese population was used to select the Tag SNPs.Primer 3 software was used to design the PCR and sequencing primers.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Genotyping was performed by sequencing the PCR products.We used X2 analysis to evaluate the significance of differences in genotype and allele frequencies between different groups.Results The distributions of three TagSNPs(rs2149356,rs11536879,rs1927907)were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The allele and genotype frequencies of three TagSNPs in the SCAP group did not differ from the NSCAP group.Also,no significant difference was found between survivor group and non-survivor group.The haplotype frequencies of CA,TA and TG were not significantly different between SCAP group and NSCAP group.And no significant difference of haplotype frequency was existed between survivor group and nonsurvivor group.Conclusions This study suggested that TLR4 gene polymorphisms were not significantly associated with the susceptibility and prognosis of SCAP.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of inanune status change in sepsis and severe sepsis patients by quantitative analysing the serum concertrations of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Method Serum of 38 sepsis patients, 32 severe sepsis patients were collected and 15 health individuals were as controls.ELJSA method was used to quantify the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. The severity of patient's condition was assessed according to the APACHE Ⅱ system, Retolts The serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were different among sepsis and severe sepsis patients. In the serum of sepsis patients the pro-inflammatory eytokine were dominant. But in the serum of severe sepsis patients the anti-inflammatory cytokine were dominant.The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, IL-10 were obviously different among control, sepsis and severe sepsis groups ( P<0.05). The serum levels of IL-1 and IL-10 were significantly correlated with APACHE II scores. The multiple linear regression eqution was APACHE Ⅱ=- 9.393 + (IL-10 x 0.550) + (IL-1 x 0.305) (F =26.198,P<0.001) Conclusions The serum levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly different among patients with different stages of sepsis, and the immune status were different. The activation of inflatrmmtory reaction were constant in sepsis patients, while the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines increased in severe sepsis patients.

Objective: To compare the postoperative efficacy of simple double-row suture bridge technique and double-row suture bridge technique combined with type Ⅱ "Chinese way" in treating huge massive rotator cuff injury. Methods: The clinical data of 74 patients with unilateral massive rotator cuff injury admitted to Department of Orthopedic, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2019 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 39 males and 35 females, aged (60.2±7.8) years (range: 42 to 77 years). During operation, 44 patients were treated with single double-row suture bridge technique (the simple group), and 30 patients were treated with double-row suture bridge technique combined with type Ⅱ "Chinese way" treatment (the combined group). In the simple group, only internal and external row anchors were used to fix the fractured rotator cuff, while in the combined group, the biceps long head tendon was first transposed to the footprint area and fixed with an internal row anchor tail thread, and then the remaining rotator cuff fracture was repaired with double-row suture bridge technique. The operation conditions were recorded. The range of motion of shoulder joint, visual analogue scale (VAS), American Society for Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score, Constant-Murley shoulder joint score before operation, 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up were compared between the two groups. Postoperative complications and imaging results were recorded. The difference values of each observation index before and after operation were calculated. The repeated measures analysis of variance was used for repeated measurement data, and LSD multiple comparison method was used for the data at different time points in the two groups. Results: All the patients successfully completed the operation, and no serious complications occurred during or after operation. The patients were followed up for (14.6±5.4) months (range: 6 to 24 months). In all patients, the shoulder range of motion, VAS, ASES score, UCLA score and Constant-Murley shoulder score at 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up were significantly improved compared with those before operation (all P<0.01), and the results at the last follow-up were also better than those at 6 months after operation (all P<0.01). The results of the combined group at 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up (all P<0.01) were better than those of the single group. At 6 months after operation and at the last follow-up, the anteroposternal X-ray showed no significant progress in the degeneration of shoulder joint. Of the 27 patients who completed MRI during follow-up, 14 patients re-injured of reconstructed rotator cuff tissue (type Ⅳ and type Ⅴ) was found in 14 cases, the incidence was 22.7% (10/44) in the simple group and 13.3%(4/30) in the combined group. There was no significant difference between the two groups(χ²=1.026, P=0.311). Conclusion: Compared with the simple double-row suture bridge technique, the method of double-row suture bridge technique combined with type Ⅱ "Chinese way" for repairing massive rotator cuff injury has better effect on improving the short-term pain symptoms, joint range of motion, restoring joint function, and has lower incidence of complications.
Humans ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/surgery* ; East Asian People ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To assess the risk factors of the in-hospital mortality of acute type A aortic dissection after operation. Method From January 2003 to June 2008,185 patients, 144 males and 41 females, with acute type A aortic dissection operated on were enrolled. The average age of patients was (49.46 ± 11.04 ) years old.The patients' demographics, history, clinical features, and some laboratory examinations were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analysis followed by logistic regression analysis were carried out to identify the predictors of inhospital mortality. Results The in-hospital mortality rate was 9.1%. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses as follows: pre-operation positive neurological symptom (Univariate OR = 5.084,95%CI:1.792 -14.426, P = 0.002; Multivariate OR = 5.538,95%CI: 1.834 - 16.721, P = 0.002, respectively), hypotension (Univariate OR = 6.986,95%CI:1.510- 32.323,P =0.013; multivariate OR = 1.998,95%CI:0.315-12.679,P = 0.463, respectively) and renal failure (Univariate OR = 3.594,95%CI:1.237 - 10.438,P =0.019; Multivariate OR = 3.254,95%CI:1.034- 10.242, P= 0.044, respectively). Conclusions There are two predictors, pre-operation positive neurological symptom and renal failure, of pre-hospital mortality found in current analyses. Our results may improve the regimen made by cardiac surgeons and emergency doctors so as to help patients and their relatives to make correct decision.

Objective To investigate the early diagnostic value of plasma D-dimer level in acute aortic dissection (AAD) . Method A total of 80 patients with chest pain were enrolled from January 2006 to March 2009, and 40 patients of them were confirmed to be AAD with computerized tomographic angiography (CTA), and these patients were matched with 40 controls presenting suspected dissection, which were ruled out later. The D-dimer test was performed in all patients within 12 hours after onset of chest pain,and plasma D-dimer concentrations were compared between two groups. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of D-dimer used for diagnosing AAD were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was also established. The statistical analysis of data was carried out by using Mann-Whitney test with SPSS 11.5 software. Results The plasma D-dimer oncentrations in AAD were significantly higher than those in controls [(5.48±7.95) vs. (0.64±0.75), P <0.0l]. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that D-dimer ( > 0.5 μg/mL) was predictive in the diagnosis of AAD, and the area under ROC curve was 0.848 ± 0.042, (95% CI: 0.766-0.930) with 87.5% sensitivity, 62.5% specificity,70% PPV and 83.3% NPV. Conclu-sions D-dimer may be a valuable biomarker in early diagnosis of AAD.