Objective:To explore the effect of nursing based on protective motivation theory in patients with chemotherapy after glioma resection.Methods:From June 2018 to June 2021, 120 patients with chemotherapy after glioma resection were selected from the Oncology Surgery of Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital by convenient sampling. The patients were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 60 cases each. The control group was given routine nursing, while the observation group carried out nursing based on protective motivation theory on the basis of routine nursing. The scores of the MOS Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile-Ⅱ (HPLP-Ⅱ), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were compared before and after the intervention.Results:After intervention, the scores of SF-36 and HPLP-Ⅱ in the two groups were higher than those before intervention, and the scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). SDS and SAS scores were lower than those before intervention, and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Nursing based on protective motivation theory can improve the health behavior of patients with chemotherapy after glioma resection, eliminate their negative emotions, and improve their quality of life.