OBJECTIVE:To compare benproperine sustained-release tablet(BP)with cofrel tablet(CF)in respect to the bioequivalence,release characteristics and correlation between in vitro dissolubility and in vivo absorption METHODS:A HPLC method was used to determine the serum benproperine concentration after single and multiple oral administration of 80mg BP and CF in a two-period cross-over test RESULTS:The T1/2(?),Tpeak,Cmax,AUC0～36,AUC0～∞ of BP after single and multiple oral administration were (11 99?1 15)h and (11 91?1 41)h,(3 80?0 42)h and (2 25?0 26)h,(0 2 787?0 03)?g/ml and (0 4 507?0 07)?g/ml,(4 1 445?0 48)?g/(ml?h)and (3 8 981?0 54)?g/(ml?h),(4 7 908?0 42)?g/(ml?h) and (4 3 278?0 55)?g/(ml?h),and those of CF were (11 68?1 24)h and (10 83?1 01)h,(3 10?0 26)h and (1 95?0 16)h,(0 4 737?0 32)?g/ml and (0 6 163?0 42)?g/ml,(9 3 954?0 80)?g/(ml?h) and (8 5 223?0 76)?g/(ml?h),(10 1 336?0 87)?g/(ml?h) and (8 8 821?0 77)?g/(ml?h),respectively The relative bioavailability of BP versus CF was(112 40?0 06)% CONCLUSION:The results show that the benproperine sustained-release tablet and cofrel are bioequivalent

The performance of CRA directly affects the quality of clinical trials. In the appraisal of the CRA performance, satisfaction of clinical institutions plays a vital role. This article presents the outcome of a satisfaction survey on 16 clinical research centers in Shandong province, and the analysis of 503 survey samples regarding their exploratory factor and confirmatory factor respectively. The purpose is to identify the main factors for the satisfaction and to build a model to evaluate the satisfaction of hospitals for CRA.

Objective To observe blood plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) of the patients with different types of carotid plaque and investigate the relationship between MMP-9 and carotid plaque vulnerability. Methods Totally 64 patients were examined by CDI, TCD, cranium CT, MRI, DSA and nerves function score (NIHSS) to judge their types of carotid plaque. Their plasma levels of MMP-9 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected. Results Plasma MMP-9 had direct correlation with plaque vulnerability(r=0.92,P

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of early rehabilitation on the clinical neurodefect score,limb movement ability,ability of daily living(ADL)after intracerebral hematoma eliminated by neuroendoscope.Methods31 cases after intracerebral hematoma eliminated by neuroendoscope were randomly divided into two groups:rehabilitation group(16 cases) and control group(15 cases).Rehabilitation group were treated with serial rehabilitation programs after the patients' living sign had been stable over 48 hours.ResultsIn rehabilitation group, the clinical neurodefect score,amended Fugl Meyer assessment score and Bathel index score were better than that in control(P<0.05).ConclusionsEarly rehabilitation after intracerebral hematoma eliminated by neuroendoscope can reduce neurodefect degree and disability rates,improve limbs movement ability and ADL.

Objective: To investigate the surgical methods and outcomes of the enlarged translabyrinthine approach in the removal of large acoustic neuromas. Methods: A large mastoidectomy involved complete exposure of the sigmoid sinus, the dura behind the sinus for at least 1 cm, the superior petrosal sinus and the middle fossa dura. The jugular bulb was exposed and pressed downwards if necessary. The internal auditory meatus was skeletonized and uncovered for at least 270°.The debulking of the tumor began inside the anterior and inferior poles in order to find the brainstem and the facial nerve root as early as possible, and then the dissection of the nerve was done medially to laterally. Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring and postoperative CT and MRI were done in all cases. Results: Total removal was achieved in all 18 patients with tumors larger than 3 cm (mean size: 4.2 cm). There were no deaths or other complications such as intracranial infection and persistent cerebrospinal fluid leakage. There were no obvious cerebral sequelae. The facial nerve was preserved both anatomically and functionally in 14 cases, with Grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ in 8 cases, Grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ in 6 cases. Nerve interruption occurred in 4 patients who all had severe facial palsy or nerve interruption before operation. Sixteen patients resumed work within 1-3 months. Conclusion: Total removal of large acoustic neuroma could be acomplished via the translabyrinthine approach, with good preservation of facial nerve function and minimum incidence of morbidity.

rdial interstitial fibrosis.

Objectives To discuss the characteristics of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular apical aneurysm (LVAA) and its related prognostic value. Methods Thirty HCM patients with LVAA were collected from August 2004 to August 2013. All cases with coronary artery diseases were ruled out, and all patients underwent LGE derived by cardiac MR (CMR). Five cases of LVAA were pathological confirmed. Atrial and ventricular diameters, apical aneurysm diameters and left ventricular ejection fraction were measured, and apical aneurysm LGE was evaluated. All patients were then followed up. Comparisons in continuous parameters between patients with or without LGE were performed by independent t test. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard rate for adverse cardiovascular events. Results LGE was identified in 21 LVAAs and non-LGE in 9 LVAAs. Between two groups, there was no significant difference in the size of LVAA [(16.4 ± 11.5) mm vs. (20.3 ± 9.8) mm, P=0.63]. In particular, the complete transition from non-LGE to LGE LVAA was recorded during follow-up in one patient. Pathological findings confirmed that LGE indicated fibrous tissue in LVAA, and LVAA without LGE indicated viable myocardium. The follow-up suggested that the patterns and the size of LVAA were associated with the adverse events in these patients (LGE of LVAA, HR=7.94, P=0.064; the size of LVAA, HR=1.08, P=0.009). Conclusions LGE-MR had important clinical significance in HCM patients with LVAA. LGE in LVAA corresponded with the fibrous tissue and was associated with the prognosis.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) combining left ventricular apical aneurysm (LVAA) . Methods: A total of 1194 HCM patients treated in our hospital from 2007-01 to 2013-01 were studied. There were 23 (1.93%) patients combining with LVAA including 19 male and 4 female; coronary artery disease (CAD) was excluded and the patients received echocardiography and coronary angiography (CAG) examinations. Results: There were 21/23 LVAA patients having left mid-ventricular obstruction and 7 of them combining simultaneous left ventricular outflow obstruction.The average pressure gradient in those 21 patients was (56.8 ± 12.9) mmHg and the rest 2 patients suffered from apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.The mean maximum thickness of left ventricular wall was (21.8 ± 6.3) mm and the dimension of left ventricle was (39.4 ± 5.2) mm. Electrocardiography showed that 3 patients had paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia;CAG indicated that 6 patients combined with coronary artery muscular bridge at left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The patients were followed-up for (2.7 ± 1.3) years and adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 5 patients during that period. Conclusion: HCM combining LVAA was most frequently happened in patients with left mid-ventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, some of them combining simultaneous left ventricular outflow obstruction and had the higher occurrence rate of adverse cardiovascular events. Early and accurate diagnosis is very important for guiding clinical treatment.

BACKGROUND: Naloxone has a significant arousal effect on many types of comas. It is usually believed that this is because its inhibition on endogenous opioid peptides. But depth of coma is not necessarily positively correlated to endorphin (EP).OBJECTIVE: Based on existing findings on direct stimulating effect of naloxone on cerebral cortex, further studies need to be done to explore whether it is dose-dependent or not.DESIGN: Single-factor design based on cells.SETTING: Neurology department in a university hospital and the neurology department in a hospital of a military medical university of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: This study was completed in the Laboratory Center of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Thirty healthy new born Wistar rats, regardless of their gender, aging 8 - 12 days and weighing 150 -250 g, were selected.METHODS: The experiment was performed at room temperature. The perfusion slot were placed on the microscope stage, and cells with smooth surfaces, triangle or pyramidal shapes, strong refraction and more than one neurites were selected for patch clamp experiment. Patch clamp whole-cell recording technique was used to measure the pyramidal cells of the frontal lobe immediately after separated from the Wistar rats, and to investigate the fluctuations of their membrane potential of cerebral cortex neurons and the frequencies of their spontaneous electric activities after administration of naloxone at different doses.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The neural excitatory reaction rate, depolarization amplitude and increasing rate of spontaneous electric activities after administration of different doses of naloxone were selected as main outcome measurements.RESULTS: The excitatory reaction rates of cerebral cortex neurons immediately after separation to doses of naloxone(100, 50, 10, 1, 0. 1 μmol/L)were 83%, 67%, 86%, 71% and 33%; while the depolarization amplitude of them were 9. 8, 9.6, 8.4, 5.2 and 1. 3 mV respectively; and the corresponding spontaneous electric activity were increased by 587% , 375% ,291%, 125% and 69%.CONCLUSION: Naloxone can induce excitatory reactions in cerebral cortex neurons directly, and the reactions have proved to be dose-dependent.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) on delayed contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). Methods All patients underwent delayed contrast-enhanced CMRI. The left ventricle was divided into 9 segments to assess the location,extent and function of the hypertrophic segments. The t test was applied for the statistics. Results Of 154 patients, delayed enhancement of hypertrophic segment was found in 95 cases and non-delayed enhancement in 59 cases. The thickness and number of hypertrophic segment in patients with delayed enhancement were larger than those with non-delayed enhancement [ (24. 8 ± 5. 5 ) mm vs (20. 4 ±3.8) mm, t = 3.82, P < 0.05; (3.3 ± 1.9) vs (2.4 ± 1.7), t = 2. 26, P < 0.05 ], and the age was younger [ (46. 0 ± 15.2) years vs (55.0 ± 11.9) years, t = - 3. 67, P <0. 05 ]. The diffuse enhancement was found in 62 patients, and confluent enhancement in 33 patients. Confluent enhancement was found in all 14 patients after the alcohol ablation procedure. Conclusion The age, thickness and number of hypertrophic segments in patients with delayed enhancement are different from those with non-delayed enhancement.