The family of Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor(SPINK)correlates with chronic pancreatitis,Netherton syndrome,esophageal carcinoma,and other humane diseases.The functions of SPINK1,SPINK5 and SPINK7 have been identified.However,other members remain to be explored.In this review,we summarized locations of SPINK genes,protein structures,functions of SPINK proteins,and the relationship between SPINK family and humane diseases.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2), with its high pathogenicity and contagiousness, it has posed a serious threat to global public health security. Up to now, the pathogenesis of 2019-nCoV is unclear, and there is no effective treatment. Vaccine as one of the most effective strategies to prevent virus infection has become a hot area. Based on the current understanding of 2019-nCoV, the development of 2019-nCoV vaccines covers all types: inactivated virus vaccine, recombinant protein vaccine, viral vector-based vaccine, mRNA vaccine, and DNA vaccine, etc. In this review, we focus on the candidate targets of the novel coronavirus, and the types, development status and progress of 2019-nCoV vaccines in order to provide information for further research and prevention.

AIM:To investigate the effect of piceatannol on the viability, and the abilities of migration and invasion in the prostate cancer cells.METHODS:DU145 cells were treated with piceatannol at different doses (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μmol/L) for different time (12, 24, 36 and 48 h) as indicated.The cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay.The migration and invasion abilities of the cells were analyzed by wound healing assay and Transwell assay, respectively.The protein levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were detected by Western blot.RESULTS:Piceatannol dose-dependently decreased the cell viability.After treatment with piceatannol, the abilities of migration and invasion of the cells were significantly inhibited.Moreover, treatment with piceatannol resulted in marked decreases in the protein levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3.CONCLUSION:Piceatannol inhibits the viability, migration and invasion of the prostate cancer cells via regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Based on formal concept analysis theory, formal context of formulae, herbs and their relationship was cre-ated in this article first. Then, the created formal context would be divided and optimized according to classification method in Shang Han Lun Lei Fang written by Xu Lingtai, such as Guizhi Tang category, Chaihu Tang category, Xiexin Tang category, and etc. Multilayer complex concept network was used in the description of the universality and particularity of things. The multilayer complex concept network figure of key-formula-classified formulae was completed on the subgroup structure and visualized express of formulae, herbs and their relationship in the Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease. This is a new attempt of integrated information technology with diseases harmed by cold in traditional Chinese medicine. It will bring great benefit in relearning traditional classification methods and promoting inheritance and innovation of study on the Treatise on Exogenous Febrile Disease.

Objective:To observe the protein and mRNA expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)B, P62 and Beclin1 in the liver of rats with chronic fluorosis, and to explore the role of autophagy in pathogenesis of liver injury induced by fluorosis.Methods:Using a group design, 54 SD rats were divided into 9 groups according to their weight (100 - 120 g) using a random number table method, each group with 6 rats, half male and half female. They were control group (NC group), low fluoride group (LF group), high fluoride group (HF group), NC + rapamycin (RAP) group, LF + RAP group, HF + RAP group, NC + chloroquine (CQ) group, LF + CQ group, and HF + CQ group. The NC group drank tap water (fluoride concentration was 0.5 mg/L), LF group drank fluoride water (fluoride concentration was 5.0 mg/L), HF group drank fluoride water (fluoride concentration was 50.0 mg/L); NC + RAP group, LF + RAP group and HF + RAP group were fed with corresponding drinking water, respectively, for 3 months, and then RAP (1.5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered for 10 d; NC + CQ group, LF + CQ group and HF + CQ group were fed with corresponding drinking water, respectively, for 3 months, and then CQ (60 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered for 10 d. Bone and 24-hour urine samples of rats in each group were collected to detect the contents of bone fluoride and urine fluoride; liver histomorphological changes were observed through hematoxylineosin staining; protein and mRNA expressions of LC3B, P62 and Beclin1 in liver were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, respectively.Results:Compared with the NC group [(0.03 ± 0.00) mg/kg, (0.34 ± 0.08) mg/L], the contents of bone fluoride [(3.86 ± 0.08) mg/kg] and urine fluoride [(1.11 ± 0.16) mg/L] in HF group were higher ( P < 0.05). In the NC group, the lobule structure of liver tissue was clear, the hepatic cords were arranged in order, and the cell structure was normal. There were different degrees of hepatocyte edema in LF and HF groups. After intraperitoneal injection of RAP, compared with the corresponding fluoride group, the morphology of hepatocytes did not change significantly. After intraperitoneal injection of CQ, compared with the corresponding fluoride group, the liver cells showed obvious edema, and the degree of edema aggravated with the increase of fluoride concentration. Compared with the NC group, the protein expressions of LC3B and Beclin1 in HF group were higher ( P < 0.05), and the protein expression of P62 was lower ( P < 0.05). After intraperitoneal injection of RAP, the protein expressions of LC3B and P62 in LF + RAP group was lower than that in LF group ( P < 0.05); Compared with HF group, the protein expressions of LC3B and Beclin1 in HF + RAP group were lower ( P < 0.05). After intraperitoneal injection of CQ, protein expression of P62 in LF + CQ group was higher than that in LF group ( P < 0.05); Compared with HF group, protein expression of P62 in HF + CQ group was higher ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:Early (3 month) fluoride intake could promote autophagy and induce edema of hepatocytes in rats, and RAP had similar effects. CQ may induce liver injury by inhibiting autophagy of hepatocytes.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of marriage on the life satisfaction and mood of the spinal cord injury couple survived after Tangshan earthquake.Methods40 SCI patients (20 married and 20 unmarried) who were survived after Tangshan earthquake were investigated with 20 from married family (10 male and 10 female) and 20 from unmarried family (10 male and 10 female). The contents of investigation included life satisfaction, quality of life, anxiety and depression.Results The married group had significantly more satisfied with their life and less anxiety than the unmarried group. But there were no differences in evaluation of life quality and depression between two groups.Conclusion The marriage can improve the life satisfaction and psychological health of the SCI patients survived after Tangshan earthquake.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between coping modes and depression in stroke patients accepting rehabilitation initially. Methods30 stroke patients were assessed with Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). ResultsThe score of resignation in MCMQ was significantly higher in depression group than in non-depression group （P<0.01). There was correlation between scores of resignation and SDS (r=0.416, P=0.003). ConclusionDepression may relate with resignation in stroke patients admitted in the hospital for rehabilitation initially.

Objective To describe the quality of life and symptom distress in esophageal cancer patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy,and explore the influence of symptom distress on quality of life.Methods The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G),M.D.Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) and demographic questionnaire were used to measure eighty-four patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.Results The total average score of quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy after radical esophagectomy was (65.95±13.76) points.There was a significanfly negative relationship between the symptom distress and the severity of symptom and quality of life.Analysis of multiple factors showed that education level and symptom distress were the included variables in the multiple regression equation of quality of life,and the R2 was 0.253.Conclusions Quality of life in esophageal cancer patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is influenced by many factors.The nurses should take measures to manage the symptom of patients and improve the quality of life of the patients.

This study was aimed to discover the knowledge of urination formula-syndrome in theTreatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseasebased on the Sunshine diagram of multi-layer complex concept network express. A total of 39 items about urination formula-syndrome in theTreatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseasewere collected, and then regulated into standard expression. The database was established and the multi-layer complex concept network express was constructed. The Sunshine diagram was drawn and the connotation rules on urination formula-syndrome in theTreatise on Exogenous Febrile Diseasewere summarized through mode development of the diagram. The results showed that the Sunshine diagram collected 44 objects (i.e., formulas) and 191 properties (i.e. syndromes), which expressed the urination formula-syndrome visually. It was concluded that the application of Sunshine diagram in the formula-syndrome knowledge based on multi-layer complex concept network express provided certain references on the inheritance and development of classics in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

Objective To observe the effects of Eldepryl on expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in substantia nigra and striatum in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to explore the protective mechanism of Eldepryl on dopaminergic neuron . Methods Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=72) were randomly divided into control group, model group and Eldepryl group (n=24 in each group). Each group was divided random?ly into 2 subgroups as 4 day treatment group and 8 day treatment group (n=12 in each subgrop). Pakinson’s disease model was established by injecting rotenone subcutaneously back the neck, rats in the control group were injected with an equal vol?ume of sunflower oil subcutaneously at the same location. Rats in the Eldepryl group were then given Eldepryl 0.5 mg·kg-1 in?tragastrically every day for 4 or 8 consecutive days and rats in model group and control group were given an equal volume of saline instead. The expression of TH and GDNF in substantia nigra and striatum were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed that strong expression of TH positive cells with little expression of GDNF positive cells were seen in substantia nigra and striatum in rats of control group, and there was no significant difference between subgroup of 8 day treatment and 4 day treatment within control group. The expression of TH cells and GDNF were both significantly reduced in model group compared with those in control group (both P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between subgroup of 8 day treatment and 4 day treatment within each group. The ex?pression of TH positive cells were significantly reduced in Eldepryl group compared with those in control group, and were sig?nificantly increased compared with those in model group. The expression of GDNF positive cells were significantly increased in Eldepryl group compared with those in control group and model group (all P<0.05). And there were significantly more ex?pression of TH positive cells and GDNF positive cells at subgroup of 8 day treatment compared with those at subgroup of 4 day treatment within Eldepryl group with (all P<0.05). Conclusion These data suggest that Eldepryl can protect the dam?age of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and striatum of PD rats. And its therapeutic mechanism may be associated with increased expression of GDNF.