Objective:To observe the protein and mRNA expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)B, P62 and Beclin1 in the liver of rats with chronic fluorosis, and to explore the role of autophagy in pathogenesis of liver injury induced by fluorosis.Methods:Using a group design, 54 SD rats were divided into 9 groups according to their weight (100 - 120 g) using a random number table method, each group with 6 rats, half male and half female. They were control group (NC group), low fluoride group (LF group), high fluoride group (HF group), NC + rapamycin (RAP) group, LF + RAP group, HF + RAP group, NC + chloroquine (CQ) group, LF + CQ group, and HF + CQ group. The NC group drank tap water (fluoride concentration was 0.5 mg/L), LF group drank fluoride water (fluoride concentration was 5.0 mg/L), HF group drank fluoride water (fluoride concentration was 50.0 mg/L); NC + RAP group, LF + RAP group and HF + RAP group were fed with corresponding drinking water, respectively, for 3 months, and then RAP (1.5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered for 10 d; NC + CQ group, LF + CQ group and HF + CQ group were fed with corresponding drinking water, respectively, for 3 months, and then CQ (60 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered for 10 d. Bone and 24-hour urine samples of rats in each group were collected to detect the contents of bone fluoride and urine fluoride; liver histomorphological changes were observed through hematoxylineosin staining; protein and mRNA expressions of LC3B, P62 and Beclin1 in liver were detected by immunohistochemistry and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, respectively.Results:Compared with the NC group [(0.03 ± 0.00) mg/kg, (0.34 ± 0.08) mg/L], the contents of bone fluoride [(3.86 ± 0.08) mg/kg] and urine fluoride [(1.11 ± 0.16) mg/L] in HF group were higher ( P < 0.05). In the NC group, the lobule structure of liver tissue was clear, the hepatic cords were arranged in order, and the cell structure was normal. There were different degrees of hepatocyte edema in LF and HF groups. After intraperitoneal injection of RAP, compared with the corresponding fluoride group, the morphology of hepatocytes did not change significantly. After intraperitoneal injection of CQ, compared with the corresponding fluoride group, the liver cells showed obvious edema, and the degree of edema aggravated with the increase of fluoride concentration. Compared with the NC group, the protein expressions of LC3B and Beclin1 in HF group were higher ( P < 0.05), and the protein expression of P62 was lower ( P < 0.05). After intraperitoneal injection of RAP, the protein expressions of LC3B and P62 in LF + RAP group was lower than that in LF group ( P < 0.05); Compared with HF group, the protein expressions of LC3B and Beclin1 in HF + RAP group were lower ( P < 0.05). After intraperitoneal injection of CQ, protein expression of P62 in LF + CQ group was higher than that in LF group ( P < 0.05); Compared with HF group, protein expression of P62 in HF + CQ group was higher ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:Early (3 month) fluoride intake could promote autophagy and induce edema of hepatocytes in rats, and RAP had similar effects. CQ may induce liver injury by inhibiting autophagy of hepatocytes.

Objective To investigate medical students' cognitive status and attitude toward urban-rural integration and to find the influencing factors in an aim to provide information for the process of urban and rural integration.Methods Sampling survey was conducted among the junior students who were major in eight-year clinical medicine,five-year clinical medicine and nursing (undergraduate) with self-made questionnaire.The data entry was done by 19.0 SPSS software and descriptive statistical analysis and ONE-WAY ANOVA were used to do statistical analysis.Results Students who didn't know urban-rural integration accounted for 53.2％,while 80.7％ students supported urban-rural integration.Students' major and residence were two influencing factors of working in the countryside.Conclusion Measures should be taken to raise students' awareness of urban-rural integration based.Targeted measures should be adopted based on students' majors and residences.

Objective:To explore whether chronic fluorosis can cause liver fibrosis in rats by observing expression changes in type Ⅰcollagen (Col-Ⅰ), type Ⅲ collagen (Col-Ⅲ) and alpha smooth actin (α-SMA) in the liver tissue of chronic fluorosis rats.Methods:According to body weight (90 - 100 g), forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into control group (drinking water fluoride ion concentration < 0.5 mg/L), low, medium and high concentration fluoride groups (drinking water fluoride ion concentration of 5.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/L), with 12 rats in each group (half male and half female), and fed for 6 months. Fluoride ion selective electrode method was used to detect bone fluoride and urinary fluoride levels; hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological and morphological changes and the collagen deposition of liver tissue; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe Col-Ⅰ, Col-Ⅲ and α-SMA mRNA and protein expressions.Results:There was significant difference in bone fluoride and urine fluoride between the 4 groups [bone fluoride: (92.52 ± 5.64), (112.21 ± 11.86), (142.99 ± 7.87), (235.63 ± 11.55) mg/kg; urinary fluoride: (5.47 ± 0.88), (17.78 ± 1.48), (54.16 ± 5.96), (121.11 ± 6.32) mg/L, P < 0.001]. Under light microscope, with the increase of fluoride concentration, the degree of hepatic cell edema was aggravated, and the deposition of collagen fiber around the central vein and the portal area increased significantly. The mRNA expression level of Col-Ⅰ in low, medium and high concentration fluoride groups (1.20 ± 0.09, 1.80 ± 0.08, 1.58 ± 0.06) was significantly higher than that in control group (1.00 ± 0.00, P < 0.05); Col-Ⅲ and α-SMA mRNA expression levels in medium and high concentration fluoride groups (Col-Ⅲ: 1.15 ± 0.14, 1.64 ± 0.24; α-SMA: 1.69 ± 0.02, 2.34 ± 0.06) were significantly higher than those of low concentration fluoride group (Col-Ⅲ: 0.59 ± 0.17; α-SMA: 0.80 ± 0.13, P < 0.05). With the increase of fluoride concentration, the liver tissue Col-Ⅰ(0.00 ± 0.00, 0.03 ± 0.01, 0.08 ± 0.01, 0.13 ± 0.02), Col-Ⅲ (17 803.05 ± 3 221.16, 47 523.15 ± 3 490.10, 127 786.35 ± 13 008.86, 237 233.03 ± 47 614.63) and α-SMA (516.83 ± 181.18, 2 885.03 ± 864.92, 11 186.94 ± 2 394.08, 37 182.43 ± 12 390.59) protein levels were also increased significantly ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Long-term excessive intake of fluorine may cause the production of collagen fibers around the central vein and the portal area of the liver in rats to increase, and then lead to the formation of liver fibrosis.

Purpose To explore the differential expression of GPR110,an adherent G protein-coupled receptor,and its role in the differential diagnosis of acinar and solid adenocarcinoma of the lung.Methods The expression level of GPR110 was de-termined by immunohistochemistry(IHC),qRT-PCR and ELISA,and ROC and area under the curve(AUC)were ana-lyzed to distinguish the acinar predominant and solid predomi-nant of lung adenocarcinoma,so as to evaluate the role of differ-ential GPR110 expression in the differential diagnosis of these two histopathological subtypes with different prognosis.Results The expression of GPR110 in lung adenocarcinoma tumor tis-sue was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissue,and its expression in solid predominant lung adenocarcinoma was signifi-cantly higher than that in acinar predominant.The average con-centrations of GPR110 protein in 100 pairs of acinar predominant lung adenocarcinoma tumor tissues and its adjacent tissues were 430.53 and 313.26 ng/L by ELISA.The average concentrations of GPR110 protein in 53 pairs of solid predominant lung adeno-carcinoma tumor tissues and its adjacent tissues were 716.56 and 368.46 ng/L,and the differences were statistically signifi-cant(P＜0.001).At the same time,the ROC curve showed that the GPR110 protein had a sensitivity of 77.36％,a speci-ficity of 83.00％,an optimal Cut-off value of 582.27 ng/L,and an AUC of 0.865(0.802-0.927).Conclusion GPR110 has potential application value in the differential diagnosis of acinar type and solid type of adenocarcinoma of the lung,and it is ex-pected to become a new biomarker for differential diagnosis

Objective To explore the program of convolutional neural networks for the diagnosis of schizophrenia and evaluate its effects. Methods Using the convolutional neural network,the training model was trained in the lead data of 138 normal people and 183 schizophrenic patients,and the model was valida-ted by 20-fold cross-validation. Results The true positive rate of schizophrenia prediction using the convolu-tional neural network training model was 0. 749, the false positive rate was 0. 275, and the accuracy was 0. 738. Conclusion This model can achieve a strong diagnostic ability for patients with schizophrenia. Therefore,convolutional neural network for the diagnosis of schizophrenia will become an important research direction in the future.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of autoantibodies in patients with liver disease.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1 495 outpatients or inpatients with liver disease in Beijing Ditan Hospital of Capital Medical University from August 2020 to April 2021. Indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot were used to detect antinuclear antibody (ANA) and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs).Results:ANA and ANAs were positive in patients with liver diseases of various etiologies. Among 1 495 patients with liver disease, 494 cases were ANA positive, the positive rate was 33.04%; 573 cases were positive for ANAs, the positive rate was 38.33%. The positive rate of ANA in the immune liver disease group (63.37%) was higher than that in the viral, alcoholic, fatty liver, confounding factors and other liver disease groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). The ANA positive rate between the viral, alcoholic, fatty liver, and confounding factor groups was statistically significant ( χ2=19.823, P<0.01), the positive rate of ANAs in the immune liver disease group (80.23%) was higher than that in other liver disease groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The antibody titer of immune liver disease group was mainly 1∶1000, and other liver disease etiology groups was mainly 1∶100. The two most common fluorescent karyotypes in liver disease groups of different etiologies are cytoplasmic and nuclear granular types. The most common specific antibody in the immune liver disease group was anti-mitochondrial antibody type 2 (anti-AMA-M2) antibody, the most common anti-Ro-52 antibody in viral, drug-induced, complex etiology, and other etiological groups, and the most common anti-SSA antibody in alcoholic liver disease. Anti-SSA antibody (17.44%), anti-SSB antibody (9.30%), anti-CENP-B antibody (22.09%), anti-Ro-52 antibody (41.28%), anti-AMA-M2 antibody (51.74%) were positive in immune liver disease group, The rate was higher than that of other liver disease etiology groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). When the ANA fluorescence karyotype is nuclear granule type, the positive rate of anti-CENP-B antibody, anti-Ro-52 antibody, and anti-AMA-M2 antibody in the immune liver disease group was higher than that in the viral liver disease group ( P<0.01), The positive rate of anti-Ro-52 antibody was higher than that of drug-induced liver disease group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The ANA titer of autoimmune liver disease was mainly (1∶1 000). ANAs were mainly positive for anti-SSA antibody, anti-SSB antibody, anti-CENP-B antibody, anti-Ro-52 antibody, and anti-AMA-M2 antibody, especially anti-AMA-M2 antibody. When combined with ANA fluorescent karyotype and ANAs for analysis, if the fluorescent karyotype is nuclear particle type, the positive anti-Ro-52 antibody in ANAs is more valuable in distinguishing immunity from viral and drug-induced liver diseases.

Objective:To establish the reference intervals of reticulocyte parameters for children in the Beijing area.Methods:1 766(856 males and 910 females) healthy children aged from 1 to 18 years old in the Beijing area were studied, the infant group (≥1-3 years old) included 146 participants; the preschool group (>3-6 years old) had 449 participants; the school age group (>6-13 years old) had 646 participants and the adolescent group (>13-18 years old) had 525 participants. Seven parameters were measured in venous blood by SySmex XN-20 (A1) automatic blood cell analyzer, which included reticulocyte percentage (RET%), absolute reticulocyte count (RET#), low fluorescence reticulocyte (LFR), medium fluorescence reticulocyte (MFR), high fluorescence reticulocyte (HFR), immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) and reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He). After the test results were collected, the reference intervals were established according to the percentile ( P2.5, P97.5). As the reference intervals were established, venous blood samples from 109 healthy children in Beijing were collected to verify the reference intervals according to WS/T 402-2012 "Define and determine the reference intervals in clinical laboratory". Results:The reference interval of 7 Reticulocyte parameters for children aged 1-18 years without age and sex grouping,reference interval (RET%): 0.74%-2.06%; absolute reticulocyte count (RET#): (34.5-101.5)×10 9/L; low fluorescence reticulocyte (LFR): 86.6%-96.5%; medium fluorescence reticulocyte (MFR): 3.2%-11.5%; high fluorescence reticulocyte (HFR): 0%-2.1%; immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF): 3.5%-13.4%; reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He): 28.5-34.2 pg. Over 90% test results of samples from the 109 children ranged within the reference ranges. Conclusion:This study established convincible reference intervals of seven reticulocyte parameters for healthy children aged from 1 to 18 in the Beijing area was established, and reference interval verification passed.

Abstract During the yellow fever epidemic in Angola in 2016, cases of yellow fever were reported in China for the first time. The 11 cases, all Chinese nationals returning from Angola, were identified in March and April 2016, one to two weeks after the peak of the Angolan epidemic. One patient died; the other 10 cases recovered after treatment. This paper reviews the epidemiological characteristics of the 11 yellow fever cases imported into China. It examines case detection and disease control and surveillance, and presents recommendations for further action to prevent additional importation of yellow fever into China.