Fourteen-34 days after Schistosoma japonzcum-infected mice were injected intraperitoneally with immunoenhancing reagent,Chinese angelica root extract ("425"),the specific antibody (IgG) levels were significantly higher in Group Ⅲ (362.67?162.21-480.00?289.45) than the control group (66.67?39.68-245.33?101.56) in experiment one,and in Gronp Ⅱ(488.00?320.38-768.00?267.38) than the control group (256.00?189.07-394.67?141.06) in experiment two.The egg granulomatous formation were markedly diminished in the injected mice.The ratios of granulomas vs.eggs' mean diameters of Group in of mice were 5.24?1.04-3.95?0.77 and those of the control group were 6.59?1.19-5.29?0.94 in experiment one,those of the group Ⅱ were 3.75?0.71-4.15?0.73 and those of the control group were 4.94?0.81-5.36?0.97 in experiment two.Meantime the egg antigen levels in the injected mice might be lower.This study shows that the control of immunomodulation of granulomatous formation in the hosts injected with immunoenhance reagent "425" can be induced.

Objective:To find a suitable sterilization for the Zhining oral solution. Methods:The contents of effective components in Zhining oral solution with the different sterilizations were determined by HPLC.Results: Pasteurization and flowsteam sterilization have little effect on the contents of effective components in Zhining oral solution, while autoclave sterilization and 60 Co radiation sterilization reduced respectively the contents chrysophanol or 2,3,5,4′ tetrahydroxystilbene 2 O ? D glucoside. Conclusions: The different sterilizations have different effects on contents of effective components. Zhining oral solution should be sterilized by pasteurization.

Objective To measure the activity energy expenditure(AEE) of healthy adults during level walking by using indirect calorimetry,and to analyze the characteristics and underlying influencing factors such as age and gender. Methods A total of 60 healthy adults aged 20-50 years (30 males and 30 femdes) participated in the study.All the subjects were divided into six groups by gender and age (the age span of each group was 10 years). The subjects were arranged to walk at speeds of 3.5,4.5,5.5km/h and run at 5.5,6.5,7.5km/h, respectively, on the treadmill. The resting energy expenditure ( REE ) and AEE were measured during walking and running at different speeds.There was a 5-minute rest among the test sessions. Results No difference in terms of AEE between the female and male at the same age ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). During 3.5km/h walking,AEE of 21-30 year-old females was lower than 31-40 yearold females and males( P ＜0.05 ) ;During 4.5km/h walking,AEE of 31-40 year-old females was higher than 21-30 yearold females and males and 41-50 year-old females; AEE of 21-30 year-old females was lower than 41-50 year-old males (P ＜ 0.05 ) ;During 5.5km/h walking,AEE of 31-40 year-old females was higher than 21-30 year-old females and males ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). During 6.5 km/h running, AEE of 31-40 year-old females was higher than 41-50 year-old females ( P ＜0.05), while during 7.5km/h running, AEE of 21-30 year-old males was higher than 41-50 year-old females (P ＜0.05 ). It was also found that the AEE of all groups except the 41-50 year-old females group was higher when walking at the speed of 5.5km/h than running at the same speed( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions Age has more effect on REE and AEE than the gender. AEE of elder subjects is higher than that of the younger ones during walking, however, AEE of younger people increases faster than the elders during running. AEE of 31-40 year-old females is the highest in all groups both in walking and running. AEE in running is higher than in walking at the same speed.

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the imaging findings of 18 F-FDG PET-CT in patients with multiple myeloma(MM).Methods Fifteen patients with multiple myeloma were enrolled in our hospital from January 2014 to October 2016.The clinical data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed to obtain the range of SUVmax values by 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging performance.Results Fifteen MM patients with 18F-FDG PET-CT showed a total number of lesions 202,the number of lesions 176 in PET and the number of lesions 171 in CT.The SUVmax range of 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging in the diagnosis of MM was 1.41 ～ 16.28.Fourteen cases of 15 MM patients were found varying degrees of bone destruction;one case showed a slightly increased bone density and also slightly increased FDG metabolic activity.Bone destruction was more performance for the chisel-like,osteolytic,swelling and flaky bone destruction.The osteogenesis lesions were rare.Conclusion 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging can clearly show the imaging features of MM by combining functional metabolic and anatomical information,and provide more clues for clinical diagnosis,which can improve the diagnostic accuracy of MM.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of the Hubei Wingnut ( Malus hapehensis ) leaf decoction (MHD) against conjunctivitis infected with human simplex virus type I (HSV-1). Methods Malus hupehcnsis decoction was used as the active treatment and ribavirin ( RBV) eye drop was used as the positive control. Both of the Vero cells and rabbit eye conjunctiva were infected with HSV-1. The effect and mechanism of the MHD on viral replication was determined by observing the cytopathic effect ( CPE) . The efficacy of MHD at different doses on the rabbit viral conjunctivitis was examined by pathological changes of eye conjunctiva tissues. Results MHD did not inhibit the proliferation of HSV-1 in vitro. The inflammatory reactions of rabbit viral conjunctivitis caused by HSV-1 were obviously attenuated or disappeared after treatment with MHD at 6 kg·L-1 and 3 kg·L-1 for 7 consecutive days,compared with the negative control of 0. 9% NaCl. The curative rate of MHD at the middle and high doses was 83. 3% and 100. 0%, respectively. Conclusion MHD has the potential for treating eye conjunctivitis caused by HSV-1 by relieving inflammation.

Objective To perform the cloning of the gene encoding Schistosoma japonicum Chinese-strain hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase(HGPRT)and its expression in Escherichia coli.MethodsA couple of primers were designed with the BamHI restriction endonuclease site introduced in forward primer and SalI in reverse primer.Total RNA was isolated from adult worms of S.japonicum Chinese-strain(Anhui-strain,Sjc-A)and the SjcHGPRT gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The PCR product and the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a were digested by both restriction endonucleases BamHI and SalI.The target DNA fragments were purified and cloned properly into pET28a.After identification by en-donucleases digestion,PCR and sequencing,the recombinant plasmid pET28a-SjcHG PRT was transformed into competent E.coli BL21 and expressed in the presence of IPTG.Results pET28a-SjHGPRT was sequenced and shown to be 99% and 83% identical in deduced amino acid sequence to that of S.japonicum Chinese-strain(Hunan-strain,Sjc-H)and S.mansoni HGPRT,respectively.The results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot revealed that the molecular weight of expressed protein was around 30 kDa and could be recognized by anti-His-G-HPR antibody and sera from mice and human with schistosomasis japonica.Conclusion The recombinant plasmid containing SjcHGPRT cDNA is successfully constructed and its expression protein(reSjcHGPRT)is also successfully purified.

To explore the action target of praziquantel (PZQ) and its underlying mechanism of action, adult male worms of Schistosoma japonicum were collected from the hepatic vein of Kunming mice infected at least 6 or more weeks previously with single-sex cercariae of S.japonicum by perfusion method. These worms were subjected to the action of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) or actin depolymerizing/stabilizing agents interfering with function of the calcium channel. The adult male worms in DMEM culture medium were co-cultivated with near-lethal dose of PZQ(14 μmol/L) overnight(16 hours).Then, the parasites were washed 3 times with sterile physiologic saline next morning after cultivation, re-suspended in new and drug-free medium and then observed under stereo-microscopy during the following 5 days. The experimental results showed that majority of adult male worms of S.japonicum were killed by the action of PZQ in a dose of 14 μmol/L in vitro under normal condition; while the worms pre-incubated with the actin depolymerizing agent cyto chalasin D (CyD) were able to survive in the condition containing 14 μmol/L of PZQ with a survival rate of 100%, and the worms pre-incubted with CCBs, such as nitrendipine and nifedipineu showed a survival rate of about 50% under the same condition. The results of this study suggest that the calcium channel of Schistosomes may be involved in the action target of PZQ and its underlying mechanism.

Purpose To oberve the dynamics of liver granuloma and the relative changes of Thl/Th2cytokine levels in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum, and investigate the role of Th1/Th2 in S.japontcum granuloma formation and regulation. Methods Liver granuloma measurement were performedby histological examination and the ELISA were used for the quantitative determination of IL-2, IFNr andIL-4 in murine serum and spleen lymphocyte culture medium at 0,4,6,8,10 and 12 wk after infection.Results At 6 wk liver granuloma formation appeared and at 8 wk liver granuloma peaked. After 12 wk livergranuhoma diminished obviously. Meanwhile, at 4 - 6 wk IL-2, IFNr and IL-4 began to rise, at 8 wk thelevels of Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFNγ peaked and then declined, and at 8 wk the levels of Th2 cytokines IL-4 were rapidly enhanced and increased obviously with a prolongation of the infection duration.Conclusions The Th1cytokines IL-2 and IFNγ were correlated well with S. japonicum granulomaformation and vigour, and the Th2 cytokines IL-4 might play an important role in down-regulating egggranuloma reaction at chronic schistosomiasis by inhibiting the Th1cytokines.

Objective To assess the improvements of left ventricular systolic function by three‐dimensional speckle tracking imaging ( 3D‐STI) in type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) patients after short‐term insulin pump intensive therapy . Methods Thirty‐five T2DM patients complicated with microangiopathy and thirty‐two healthy volunteers were studied ,underwent the dynamic image of the four‐chamber view ,three‐dimensional images of left ventricle were obtained for all the individuals . The left ventricular global longitudinal strain ( LVGLS) ,left ventricular global circumferential strain ( LVGCS) ,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ,peak basal and apical rotation (LV‐ProtB ,LV‐ProtA) ,peak LV twist ( LV‐tw ) were calculated using TomTec software .After insulin pump intensive therapy for two weeks ,all the indexes were reexamined in T2DM patients . Results Compared with control group ,the LVGLS , LVGCS ,LV‐tw and LV‐ProtA were significantly decreased in diabetes mellitus group before and after treatment ( P < 0 .01 or P < 0 .05) . Compared with diabetes mellitus patients before treatment ,the LVGLS ,LVGCS had significant higher level after treatment( P <0 .05) . The LVGLS ,LVGCS ,LV‐tw and LV‐ProtA were significantly correlated with LVEF in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and normal controls . Conclusions Insulin pump intensive treatment could improve left ventricular systolic function in type 2 diabetes patients complicated with microangiopathy . 3D‐STI can be sensitive to accurately assess the therapeutic effect and has the important clinical value .

Background and purpose:BCRP was recently discoveried as a membrane transport protein affiliated with multiple drug resistance(MDR).The aim of present study was to investigate the expression of breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP) in primary breast carcinoma and its potential significance of guiding breast carcinoma chemotherapy and to determine whether such expression can be used as a predict factor for chemosensitivity.Methods:Expression of BCRP in 31 primary breast carcinoma tissues was determined by flow cytometry.The relationship between the expression of BCRP with the clinicpathological characteristics and the prognosis of breast carcinoma patients was also analyzed.Results:The expression level of BCRP was higher in breast carcinoma tissue(0.282581?0.183686) than control group(0.03125?1.000905).There was no statistical difference befween BCRP and state of ER,PR,C-erbB_2 and EGFR in breast carcinoma tissues.In addition,it was the same situation no matter whether axillary lymph node was metastatasied or not.Conclusions:The results suggest that BCRP is expressed in primary breast carcinoma and is a cell membrane protein independent on ER,PR,c-erb-B-2,EGFR.Based chemotherapy is more effective for the patients with the overexpression of BCRP in primary breast carcinoma tissue.