Objective To study the relationships between the standing balance and walking ability of hemiplegic stroke survivors.Methods Eighty-eight post-stroke hemiplegic patients who could walk independently for more than 10 metres were selected into a patient group,while 88 healthy counterparts were recruited into a control group.Descriptors of the gait and balance function of both groups were collected using a gait and balance training and evahuation apparatus (Model:AL-600).The gait parameters were step width,walking speed,step length asymmetry (SLA),swing time asymmetry (SWTA) and stand time asymmetry (STA).The balance parameters studied were total trajectory length of the center of plantar pressure (COPD),the average left and right deviation of the center of plantar pressure (COPD-X) and the average anterio-posterior deviation of the center of plantar pressure (COPD-Y).Differences in indexes of gait and balance function between the two groups were analyzed using t-tests,and the relationships between the gait and balance indicators were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients.Results The walking speed,step width,COPD,COPD-X,COPD-Y,SLA,SWTA and STA of the patient group [(37.64± 18.29)cm/s,(14.45±4.17)cm,(66.75±29.04)cm,(2.04±1.41)cm,(2.48±1.28)cm,(1.30±0.46),(1.65±0.67) and (1.18±0.16),respectively] all increased significantly more compared to the control group [(90.76±14.72)cm/s,(8.70±2.62) cm,(27.84±6.54) cm,(1.30±0.53) cm,(1.68±0.40) cm,(1.07±0.06),(1.07±0.08) and (1.05±0.06),respectively],though the walking speed was significantly slower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).The patient group's average COPD-X showed slightly and moderately negative correlation with their walking speed,step width,SLA and SWTA (P＜0.05).COPD-Y was weakly related with step width (P＜0.05).Conclusion The standing balance of hemiplegic patients after stroke is related to their walking speed,step width and gait asymmetry.Especially significant correlation is observed between standing balance parameters such as COPD-X and gait parameters.

Objective To explore the correlation between plantar pressure and walking function in hemiplegic stroke patients.Methods Thirty hemiplegic patients with stroke (a hemiplegic group) and thirty age-matched healthy persons (a control group) were recruited.Gait and balance function training and assessment system (model:AL-600) were used to quantify the walking velocity,peak plantar pressure at heel-strike and push-off periods and displacement of center of pressure (DCOP) of all subjects during walking.The asymmetry of gait was calculated.Two independent sample t-test were used to compare the walking velocity,peak plantar pressure and DCOP for the two groups.Pearson correlation coefficients were applied to analyze the correlation between the walking velocity and peak plantar pressure and DCOP.Results The walking velocity,the peak plantar pressure at heel-strike and push-off periods and DCOP of the hemiplegic group were significantly lower than the control group.In the hemiplegic group,the asymmetry of peak plantar pressure and DCOPx significantly increased,while that of DCOPy became bigger without significant difference.Moreover,the walking capacity of the hemiplegic group was positively correlated with the peak plantar pressure and DCOP.Conclusion Among hemiplegic stroke patients,both the peak plantar pressure at heel-strike and push-off periods lower in a way.Their capacity of weight transfer decreases,which is closely related to their walking velocity.

A method was developed for the determination of eight steroid hormones ( estrone, α/β-estradiol, estriol, testosterone, epitestosterone, progesterone and testosterone propionate ) in butter samples by gel permeation chromatography ( GPC) purification-followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The samples were first extracted by ethylacetate/cyclohexane (1:1, V/V) and the extract was later degreased by GPC column. Then, the GPC concentrate was separated using a C18 column ( 100 mm í2. 0 mm i. d. , 3. 0 μm) with gradient elution of acetonitrile/water. Finally, the steroid hormone components were qualitatively and quantitatively determined by mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization in multi reaction monitoring mode. Using matrix matched external standard method, good linearity in response could be obtained in the concentration range of 1 . 0-20 . 0 μg/kg with correlation co-efficiency larger than 0 . 999 . The detection limits of the method were 0. 04-0. 30 μg/kg and the quantification limit was 1. 0 μg/kg. At the spike levels of 1. 0, 2. 0 and 4. 0μg/kg, the recoveries of hormones were within the range of 64. 1%-110%, and the relative standard deviation ( RSD) was less than 11%. The results show that the method is accurate and reliable, and meets the requirements for determination of 8 steroid hormones in butter samples.

To explore diagnostic value of platelet count (PLT) ,plasma D– dimer (D‐D) , antithrombin Ⅲ(AT‐III) levels and UACR for microvascular disease (MVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods : A total of 284 T2DM patients treated in our hospital were divided into no MVD group (n＝144) and MVD group (n＝140) according to MVD condition .Another 120 healthy people were enrolled as healthy contrrol group .Levels of PLT ,plasma D‐D and AT‐Ⅲ,unine microalbuminuria (UMA) and creatinine (UCr) and UMA／UCr ratio (UACR) were measured and compared a‐mong all groups .The diagnostic value of combined detection of PLT ,plasma D‐D and AT‐Ⅲ levels and above triple detec‐tion combined UACR for MVD in T2DM were analyzed.Results : Compared with healthy control group ,there were signif‐icant reductions in levels of PLT [ (212.34 ± 51.23)×109／L vs.(116.46 ± 46.43)×109／L vs.(98.48 ± 35.66)× 109／L] and plasma AT‐III [(103.54 ± 7.23)% vs.(99.52 ± 4.24)% vs.(75.34 ± 5.31)%] ,and significant rise in levels of plasma D‐D [ (0.31 ± 0.16) mg／L FEU vs.(0.85 ± 0.33) mg／L FEU vs.(1.08 ± 0.52) mg／L FEU] and UCr [ (3.36 ± 1.56) mmol／L vs.(4.51 ± 1.79) mmol／L vs.(12.31 ± 5.12) mmol／L] in no MVD group and MVD group . And levels of PLT and plasma AT‐III of MVD group were significantly lower than those of no MVD group ,plasma D‐D and UCr levels of MVD group were significantly higher than those of no MVD group ( P＜ 0.01 all).Compared with healthy control group ,no MVD group ,there were significant rise in levels of UACR [ (11.25 ± 5.02) mg／mmol vs. (10.01 ± 4.39) mg／mmol vs.(59.89 ± 16.32) mg／mmol] , UMA [ (38.25 ± 17.22) mg／mmol vs.(41.11 ± 18.53) mg／L vs.(722.32 ± 101.54) mg／L] in MVD group ,and UACR of no MVD group was significantly lower than that of health control group (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with single UACR detection and triple combined detection of PLT ,plasma D‐D and AT‐Ⅲ levels ,there were significant rise in sensitivity (85.51% vs.87.82% vs.90.33%) ,specificity (90.54%vs.85.32% vs.94.32%) and accuracy (82.33% vs.84.56% vs.90.21%) in triple detection combined UACR ( P＝0.001 all).Conclusion :Combined detection of PLT ,plasma D‐D and AT‐Ⅲ levels with UACR are significanly superior to combined detection for screening MVD in T2DM.

Objective To explore the virulence of enterovirus 71 from infected children in neonatal mice. Methods Three strains of EV71 were isolated from the mild, severe and dead patients. Symptoms, weight and death of mice were recorded throughout 14 days. The mice were sacrificed on the first, third, fifth, seventh and ninth days post infection to gain the tissue virus load including the liver, spleen, lung, intestine, brain and muscle tissue which were used to detect the virus tilter by real-time RT-QPCR, and pathological lesions using HE staining. Results As to the severity of symptoms, no significant difference was found between the severe and mild groups (P＝0. 693), which were more serious than that of the fatal group. (P＝0. 000 ＜ 0. 05/6, P＝0. 000 ＜ 0. 05/6). The survival rate of the mice with mild, severe and fatal virus infection was 77. 2%, 81. 7% and 97. 8%, respectively, and there was a significant difference among the three groups (P＝0. 0010 ＜ 0. 05, P＝0. 001 ＜ 0. 05, P＝0. 0004 ＜ 0. 05). Lung hemorrhage of the mild group was the most serious, and there were no significant differences in pathological lesions of the brain, muscle, spleen and intestine. Virus titer in the liver and muscle was higher than the other tissues and that in mild group of different tissues tended to be higher than the other two groups. Conclusions Neonatal mice infected with the mild strain of enterovirus 71 presents heaviest symptoms, which are not consistent with the outcomes of humans. It is considered to be related to the virus gene, host and other factors.

OBJECTIVETo investigate chromosomal euploidies in early-stage arrested human embryos.

METHODSTo determine the euploidy status of the 24 chromosomes, 13 embryos were analyzed, which included 5 arrested at 4-cell stage, 4 arrested at 8-cell stage, and 4 embryos at blastocyst stage regardless of their morphological scores. All embryos were subjected to biopsy, whole genome amplification, and array comparative genome hybridization analysis.

RESULTSChromosome euploidies of the arrested embryos can be normal, aberrant and chaotic. Mosaicism is prevalent in early stage cleavage, whilst most of the blastocysts, even with poor morphology, are normal diploid.

CONCLUSIONArrested embryo may have normal chromosomes euploidy. Mosaicism is common in cleavage stage embryos. Early stage embryo arrest may not be solely attributable to chromosomal aneuploidies and needs further research.

Adult ; Blastocyst ; cytology ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; Embryo Loss ; genetics ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility ; genetics ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy