Objective Through retrospective data analysis,we tried to further understand the epide-miological characteristics,clinical feature and death factors of infant and young children with severe pneumo-nia. Methods The study objects were inpatients( age between≥28 days and≤3 years) who were diagnosed severe pneumonia from 1 January,2011 to 31 December,2013 of the Chengdu Women′s and Children′s Cen-tral Hospital. We used retrospective case study to understand the epidemiology,clinical feature,death factors of infant and young children with severe pneumonia. And we used chi-square test and Logistic multivariate regression analysis to analyze the death factors of infants and young children with severe pneumonia. Results (1) Among 1 411 cases of severe pneumonia,the ratio of male and female was 1. 8∶1,and the ratio of urban and rural areas was 1∶3. 62. The proportion of less than 3 months old infant was 46. 00%. And 62. 93% infant and young children with severe pneumonia occurred in the spring and winter. (2) Average hospitalization time was (9. 99 ± 6. 27 ) days, longer than the hospitalization time of mild pneumonia patients. ( 3 ) A total of 64. 21% of infant and young children with severe pneumonia had basic diseases. (4)A total of 91. 99% of the infant and young children with severe pneumonia had complications. (5) The most common etiology of infant and young children with severe pneumonia was bacteria,the second was virus. (6) In all cases,there were 44 cases died. The mortality of infant and young children with severe pneumonia was 3. 12%. And 72. 73% of the death cases were infants less than 3 months old. (7) The results of Logistic multiple regression analysis showed that there were significant differences in age, congenital heart diseases, repeating infection history, multiple drug-resistant strains infection, surgical history, multiple organ dysfunction, internal environment disorder. Conclusion Infant and young children with severe pneumonia have the following characteristics:most of them occurred in the winter and spring, and come from rural more than from the city. The smaller the age, the incidence of a disease is higher,and the mortality is higher. Most of infant and young children with severe pneu-monia have basic diseases. Most of the infant and young children with severe pneumonia have complications. If having one of the following high-risk factors:less than 3 months old,congenital heart diseases,repeating infec-tion history,multiple drug-resistant strains infection,surgical history,multiple organ dysfunction,internal envi-ronment disorder,the infant with severe pneumonia should be intensively monitored and actively treated.

Objective To summarize the clinical features of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis in children. Methods We retrospectively review the clinical data of a baby boy with Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis and summarize its clinical character-istics. Results A ten-month male infants with onset symptom of fever, irritability, drowsiness, cough and sputum was diagnosed as Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis through blood and sputum culture. The baby recovered well after anti-infection treatment. Conclusions Timely and appropriate use of sensitive antibiotics can decrease severe complications and mortality rate of Pseu-domonas aeruginosa sepsis in children.

Gut microbiota means a highly diverse and dense microbiota which inhabits in the gastrointestinal tract of humans.It plays a vital role in many important physiological processes including exerting nutritional and metabolic activities,regulating the immune system,and protecting against pathogens.Recent studies suggested that the gut microbiota was associated with the development of many lung diseases,such as pneumonia,asthma and tuberculosis.There is a gut-lung axis in human body.Now,the relationship between the gut microbiota and the gut-lung axis is reviewed.

Objective To compare the characters of circadian rhythm of the cardiovascular function between full-term and premature infants.Methods Blood pressure(BP),aortic blood velocity(ABV),aortic blood acceleration(ABA) and aortic strok distance(ASD) were continuously measured in full-term and premature infants for 48 h.Each time series was analyzed with 24-hour cosine curve-fitting method.Results The parameters of cardiovascular function in most of the full-term infants,including BP,ABV,ABA and ASD showed robust circadian rhythm,but most of premature infants did not show obvious circadian rhythm.The averages of those parameters were not different in full-term and premature infants,whereas the amplitude were significant different in the two groups.Conclusion It is indicated that the functions of the cardiovascular system was not different in full-term and premature infants,but circadian rhythm of cardiovascular system in premature infants has not perfectly developed.

Objective To investigate therapeutic autcomes of using telomerase inhibitors to treat cancer at the presumably most and least opportune circadian stages basing on our earlier study. Methods Twenty-four BALB/C nude mice were synchronized to a regimen of LD12:12 for 4 wk. Hepatic cancer cells (SMMC-7721) were implanted into both flanks of each mouse.Two weeks after transplantation,the hTERT-5'RZ was used to treat the hepatic cancer transplanted into the nude mice daily for two weeks,the injection times being either 9 or 21 HALO.Results The tumorinhibition ratio of mice treated at 21 HALO (65%) was statistically significantly higher than that of mice treated at 9 HALO (48%). Telomerase activity was also reduced to a greater extent in mice treated withhTERT-5'RZ at 21 than at 9 HALO, that was at the time of maximal circadian telomerase activity. Conclusion Injection of ribozyme targeted to telomerase during the tumor's DNA synthesis is associated with a betterinhibition of tumor growth and a better therapeutic outcome in hepaticcancer.

AIM:To investigate atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) circadian in the encapsulated human ANP(hANP) cDNA transfected cells,to alter the ANP circadian by artificial control to achieve the objective of effectively treat hypertension or congestive heart failure(CHF). METHODS:ANP cDNA was transfected into Chinese hamster ovary(CHO) cells,which were encapsulated in polycarprolactone(PCL) tubes.The longterm survival of transfected CHO cells and the levels of ANP secreted were detected.Circadian rhythm of ANP secreted by encapsulated transfected cells was also studied,which was regulated by melatonin. RESULTS:During culturing,the ANP level secreted by transfected CHO cells in 2 mL of culture medium within 24 hours could reach 210.3 ng/L in a 20 mm-long and 2 mm-diameter PCL tube.The section of ANP displayed a circadian variation:higher in daytime,but lower at night.The acrophase of circadian rhythm was 4:15 but could be shifted to 7:55 after melatonin management. CONCLUSION:ANP cDNA transfected CHO cells that encapsulated into PCL tube can secret ANP,which might be suitable for the future implantation into human body.Our research provides a new approach in the treatment of hypertension and CHF by ANP.

Objective A number of cardiovascular variables exhibit a circ adian rhythm. Whethe r myocardial contractile response and gene expression of the contractile protein also show changes with a similar period was here investigated. Method Circadi an variabilities in the left ventricular developed pressure (LVP) and contractil ity (LV dp/dt max) were measured in 24 Sprague-Dawley r ats by directly left ve ntricular catheterizing and compared with changes in the gene expression of α- myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) in myocytes obtained from the same animals by dot b lottin g analysis. Results A circadian rhythm was seen in the variabili ty of LVP (P<0.001), LV dp/dt max (P<0.001) and the bio chemically measured expression of the α- MHC gene (P<0.01). As compared to the amplitude of the rhythm i n α-MHC gene exp ression, the amplitude of the contractility rhythm was large (P< 0.01) and the ci rcadian amplitude of the LVP(P<0.001) was the largest, represent ing perhaps a co mposite of intracardiac plus any extracardiac contributions. Conclusion One of factors determing the circadian rhythm of myocardial contractile function is α -MHC gene expression level.

AIM:To determine the relationship between microhistology and cardiac contractility in myocarditis animal model. METHODS:Setting up myocarditis animal model by injecting Coxsackivevirus B 3 (CVB 3) into mice, then observed myocardial morphological changes and measured left ventricular function of mice at the time of first three days and two weeks after injecting CVB 3.RESULTS:Subcellular structure (mitochondria) changed at the first three days after injecting CVB 3. The left ventricular pressure (LVP) and the rate of intraventricular pressure development (d p /d t ) which is the index of reflecting cardiac contractility depressed in this stage (14.2?0.8) kPa and (273.1?10.0)kPa/s, respectively. There were (17.1?0.7)kPa and (359.8?9.3)kPa/s in normal mice, respectively ( P

Objective To explore the virulence of enterovirus 71 from infected children in neonatal mice. Methods Three strains of EV71 were isolated from the mild, severe and dead patients. Symptoms, weight and death of mice were recorded throughout 14 days. The mice were sacrificed on the first, third, fifth, seventh and ninth days post infection to gain the tissue virus load including the liver, spleen, lung, intestine, brain and muscle tissue which were used to detect the virus tilter by real-time RT-QPCR, and pathological lesions using HE staining. Results As to the severity of symptoms, no significant difference was found between the severe and mild groups (P＝0. 693), which were more serious than that of the fatal group. (P＝0. 000 ＜ 0. 05/6, P＝0. 000 ＜ 0. 05/6). The survival rate of the mice with mild, severe and fatal virus infection was 77. 2%, 81. 7% and 97. 8%, respectively, and there was a significant difference among the three groups (P＝0. 0010 ＜ 0. 05, P＝0. 001 ＜ 0. 05, P＝0. 0004 ＜ 0. 05). Lung hemorrhage of the mild group was the most serious, and there were no significant differences in pathological lesions of the brain, muscle, spleen and intestine. Virus titer in the liver and muscle was higher than the other tissues and that in mild group of different tissues tended to be higher than the other two groups. Conclusions Neonatal mice infected with the mild strain of enterovirus 71 presents heaviest symptoms, which are not consistent with the outcomes of humans. It is considered to be related to the virus gene, host and other factors.