Objective To investigate the effect of agomelatine on memory impairment and expres-sion of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) in post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD)-like rats. Methods Forty-eight SD rats were divided into control group (SHAM group),post-traumatic stress disorder group (PTSD group),agomelatine group (AGO group) and placebo control group(PC group) according to random number table with 12 in each group. The PTSD-like model was established by internationally recog-nized single prolonged stress (SPS) stimulation,and the AGO group and PC group were given the same a-mount of agomelatine and saline respectively by intragastric administration within 8 hours after modeling for 14 days. The arousal emotional level and learning and memory ability of rats were observed by open field ex-periment and Morris water maze test. Then the expressions of ERK5 and ERK5 mRNA in hippocampus of rats were detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR. Results (1) The results of the open field experiment showed that compared with the SHAM group (38. 58±5. 76),the numbers of crossing the grids of the PTSD group (29. 75±3. 75) decreased (P<0. 01). Compared with the PC group (28. 58±2. 91),the number of crossing the grids of the AGO group (41. 00±4. 49) increased (P<0. 01). (2) In Morris water maze test, positioning navigation experiment showed that compared with the SHAM group, the escape latency of the PTSD group and the PC group increased (P<0. 01),while the escape latency of AGO group was shorter than that of the PC group (P<0. 01). And in the space exploration experiment,compared with the SHAM group (2. 12±0. 51),the times of crossing the platform in PTSD group (1. 03±0. 43) and the PC group (1. 23± 0. 59) decreased (P<0. 01),while the times of crossing the platform in AGO group (2. 75±0. 72) increased compared with PC group (P<0. 01). Compared with SHAM group (12. 14±2. 53),the latency of crossing the platform of PTSD group (27. 33±6. 54) increased (P<0. 01),and the agomelatine group (14. 36±4. 27) de-creased compared with the PC group (29. 67±9. 72) (P<0. 01). (3) Results of Western blot and qRT-PCR showed compared with the SHAM group,the levels of ERK5 and ERK5 mRNA in rat hippocampus were up-regulated in the PTSD group (P<0. 01),and the expression of ERK5 and ERK5 mRNA was higher than that of PC group (P<0. 01). Conclusion Agomelatine can effectively improve the learning and memory ability of PTSD-like rats,which may be related to the up-regulation of ERK5 protein expression in hippocampal tis-sues.

Objective To investigate the effect of oxytocin on the expression of MKP-1 level in the hippocampus of post-traumatic stress disorder rats.Methods Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into the control group,administration group and the experimental group with 6 rats in each group.The administration group and the experimental group were treated with internationally recognized single prolongation stress (SPS) method to stimulate the rats in order to establish PTSD models.The 14-day oxytocin intervention was given to rats of the administration group after the SPS stimulation within 8 hours.And the behavioral changes of rats were observed by open-field test and Morris water maze test.The changes of MKP-1 mRNA in the hippocampus of rats were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR),and the levels of MKP-1 Protein in the hippocampus of rats were detected by Western Blot.Results (1) Compared with the model group (2.50± 1.05 and 22.16±7.14),the times of the standing and crossing grid section quantities in the open-field test in the administration group(5.16± 1.17and 32.83±5.71) and control group (6.67±2.16 and 39.83± 4.62) significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Morris water maze showed that the incubation of the model group was markedly prolonged (P＜0.05) compared with that of the administration group,while in spatial probe test,the incubation period of the rats in administration group was prolonged,and the number of wearing stage decreased (P＜0.05).(2) Compared with the administration group (1.30±0.03),the expression of MKP-1 mRNA in hippocampus of rats in model group (4.04±0.46) was notably up-regulated (P＜0.05).And the protein level of MKP-1 in model group(1.95±0.68) was also increased compared with that in administration group (1.46±0.27) (P＜0.05).Conclusions Oxytocin can protect the learning and memory ability and reduce the stress-related performance of rats via regulating the expression of MKP-1.

Objective:To explore the change characteristics of event-related potential P300 in different violence risk levels of schizophrenic patients and analyze the risk factors of violence in schizophrenic patients.Methods:Totally 158 schizophrenic patients in Lyuzhou hospital of Shihezi City from January 2019 to August 2020 were collected and assessed with the violence risk scale for 3 days.According to the assessment results, the patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into low-risk group( n=78), medium-risk group( n=51) and high-risk group( n=29). The auditory P300 of patients in each group was completed within 3 days and act of violence was observed and recorded within one week.Data analysis was carried out by SPSS 20.0 software.The changes of P300 in different violence risk groups were analyzed by ANOVA, and the influencing factors of violence in patients with schizophrenia were analyzed by logistic regression. Results:There was no significant difference in latency of P300 among the three groups (χ 2=4.71, P=0.10), but there was significant difference in amplitude of P300( F=6.67, P<0.01). Compared with the low-risk group ((12.14±9.19) μV), the amplitude of P300 in medium-risk group ((8.25±7.13) μV) and high risk group ((6.71±4.97) μV) decreased significantly ( t=-3.14, -5.45, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in amplitude of P300 between the high-risk group and the middle-risk group( t=-2.31, P>0.05). The latency and amplitude of schizophrenia patients with violent behavior were significantly different from those without violent behavior ( Z=-6.30, 9.78, both P<0.01). High BVC grade (compared with high-risk group, low-risk group: OR=0.03, 95% CI : 0.00-0.35; the middle risk group: OR=0.09, 95% CI : 0.01-0.62), prolonged P300 latency ( OR=1.30, 95% CI : 1.13-1.48) and decreased P300 amplitude ( OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.36-0.70), delusion of victimization ( OR=0.12, 95% CI: 0.02-0.76)were the risk factors for violent behavior. Conclusion:The latency and amplitude of P300 can be used as the reliable neuroelectrophysiological indicators for evaluating violence risk in patients with schizophrenia.It has important clinical application value for evaluating violence in patients with schizophrenia.

Depression is a kind of mental disease which is characterized by significant and lasting low mood.As for the diagnosis and treatment feedback, it mainly relies on symptomatological indicators at present.It is of great significance to find sensitive and reliable biomarkers to improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment.In recent years, the new findings of gamma oscillation in patients with depression can be summarized as follows: (1) The generation and regulation of gamma oscillation depend on the interaction between excitatory glutamatergic neurons and inhibitory GABAergic interneurons.(2) Under some conditions, for example, with the help of cognitive tasks, auditory steady state response and new methods of data analysis, gamma oscillation can be used to distinguish the patients with depression from healthy subjects, distinguish the patients with depression from that with bipolar disorder and identify the individuals who have suicidal thoughts or attempts in patients with depression.(3) Various methods of drug or not for depression both can cause the change of gamma oscillation.However, it should be noted that there are still many problems to be solved in using gamma oscillation as a biomarker of depression.