Abstract Defecation disorder is one of the most common complications after orthopedic surgery, which seriously affects patients' quality of life. Based on review of national and international publications pertaining to influencing factors and interventions of postoperative defecation disorders, this review analyzes the associations of orthopedic surgery-related factors with postoperative defecation disorders, and summarizes the common interventions for postoperative defecation disorders, including medication, physical therapy and daily life management, so as to provide insights into prevention and treatment of defecation disorders after orthopedic surgery.

Objective:To explore the change characteristics of event-related potential P300 in different violence risk levels of schizophrenic patients and analyze the risk factors of violence in schizophrenic patients.Methods:Totally 158 schizophrenic patients in Lyuzhou hospital of Shihezi City from January 2019 to August 2020 were collected and assessed with the violence risk scale for 3 days.According to the assessment results, the patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into low-risk group( n=78), medium-risk group( n=51) and high-risk group( n=29). The auditory P300 of patients in each group was completed within 3 days and act of violence was observed and recorded within one week.Data analysis was carried out by SPSS 20.0 software.The changes of P300 in different violence risk groups were analyzed by ANOVA, and the influencing factors of violence in patients with schizophrenia were analyzed by logistic regression. Results:There was no significant difference in latency of P300 among the three groups (χ 2=4.71, P=0.10), but there was significant difference in amplitude of P300( F=6.67, P<0.01). Compared with the low-risk group ((12.14±9.19) μV), the amplitude of P300 in medium-risk group ((8.25±7.13) μV) and high risk group ((6.71±4.97) μV) decreased significantly ( t=-3.14, -5.45, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in amplitude of P300 between the high-risk group and the middle-risk group( t=-2.31, P>0.05). The latency and amplitude of schizophrenia patients with violent behavior were significantly different from those without violent behavior ( Z=-6.30, 9.78, both P<0.01). High BVC grade (compared with high-risk group, low-risk group: OR=0.03, 95% CI : 0.00-0.35; the middle risk group: OR=0.09, 95% CI : 0.01-0.62), prolonged P300 latency ( OR=1.30, 95% CI : 1.13-1.48) and decreased P300 amplitude ( OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.36-0.70), delusion of victimization ( OR=0.12, 95% CI: 0.02-0.76)were the risk factors for violent behavior. Conclusion:The latency and amplitude of P300 can be used as the reliable neuroelectrophysiological indicators for evaluating violence risk in patients with schizophrenia.It has important clinical application value for evaluating violence in patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies showed that extracts of Sambucus adnata Wall.have the ability to promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts,fracture healing,anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects,which can effectively alleviate the development of osteoarthritis.Vascular endothelial growth factor,on the other hand,is a biomarker for the evaluation of osteoarthritis severity. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of two extracts of Sambucus adnata Wall.(methanol extract SAW-ME and dichloromethane extract SAW-DCE)on angiogenesis in osteoarthritis. METHODS:(1)Rat models of osteoarthritis were established using anterior cruciate ligament transection and given SAW-ME and SAW-DCE.A sham group was set as a control.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the changes of articular vascular endothelial growth factor A in joint tissue and vascular endothelial growth factor and"H"type blood vessels in serum of osteoarthritis rats.(2)Vascular endothelial cells EA.hy926 were used as the research object and intervened with SAW-ME and SAW-DCE.Cell proliferation was then detected by MTT assay.Vascular endothelial growth factor was used to induce EA.hy926 cells,and the model of angiogenesis was replicated.Cell scratch assay and tube formation assay were performed to study the role and mechanism.(3)EA.hy926 cells were used for transcriptome sequencing to analyze the characteristic changes of cell differential genes and related functions after SAW-DCE intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)SAW-ME and SAW-DCE downregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A in the rat knee cartilage and reduced the formation of"H"type vessels in osteoarthritis rats.SAW-ME could significantly decrease the level of vascular endothelial growth factor in serum of osteoarthritis rats(P<0.05).SAW-DCE could also decrease the level of vascular endothelial growth factor in serum of osteoarthritis rats,but there was no significant change.(2)Both SAW-ME and SAW-DCE significantly inhibited vascular endothelial cell migration and tube formation,and downregulated the expression of Ang1 and Tie2 proteins.(3)Transcriptome sequencing analysis found that abnormal angiogenesis in osteoarthritis was related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.(4)To conclude,SAW-ME and SAW-DCE can inhibit angiogenesis in the rat model of osteoarthritis,and the mechanism may be related to the Ang1/Tie2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.

Objective To understand the infection status, epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolution of adenovirus in children with diarrhea in Tianjin. Methods A total of 1609 fecal specimens were collected from hospitalized children with diarrhea from July 2017 to July 2018 in Tianjin Children's Hospital. Viral nucleic acid was extracted and amplified by the hexon gene fragment. Positive specimens were used for nucleic acid sequence determination and sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis with known sequences in GenBank. Rotavirus in the stool specimens was detected by gold standard method, and campylobacter was detected by latex agglutination method. Bocavirus, Norovirus and Clostridium difficile were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results A total of 69 specimens with adenoviruses were detected in 1609 cases, with a positive rate of 4.3％, in which 82.6％adenovirus-positive children were between 7 and 48 months old. The positive rate of adenovirus peaked in the summer and autumn, and the differences of this value among seasons were statistical significance (χ2=11.467,P=0.009). In these cases, the mixed infection rate of adenovirus was 26.1％(18/69), in which 7 cases were mixed with Norovirus, 7 cases were mixed with rotavirus and 4 cases were mixed with Clostridium difficile. A total of 39 adenovirus-positive PCR products were randomly selected for gene sequence detection, and 7 adenovirus genotypes were detected. Results showed that these viruses were mainly the type 41 enteric adenovirus (46.1％, 18/39), followed by type 31, type 3 and type 7 non-intestinal adenovirus, while types 1, 5 and 6 were relatively rare. Conclusions There are diverse types of adenovirus in children with diarrhea in Tianjin. The adenovirus-infected diarrhea mostly happen in summer and autumn, and is common in children.