Objective:To compare the clinical effect of transpedicular impaction and grafting of allogeneic bone containing enriched bone marrow combined with posterior internal fixation and posterior subtotal vertebrectomy combined with posterior internal fixation in the treatment of stage III Kümmell′s disease.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was made on clinical data of 40 patients with stage III Kümmell′s disease admitted to Zhengzhou Orthopedic Hospital from June 2015 to December 2018. There were 10 males and 30 females, at age range of 57-79 years［(67.7±6.1)years］. A total of 19 patients were treated by transpedicular impaction and grafting of allogeneic bone containing enriched bone marrow combined with posterior internal fixation (impaction bone graft group), and 21 patients by posterior subtotal vertebrectomy combined with posterior internal fixation (subtotal vertebrectomy group). Operation time and intraoperative blood loss were compared between the two groups. Degree of pain, lumbar dysfunction and degree of kyphosis were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and kyphotic Cobb angle before operation, at 1 week after operation and at the last follow-up. Bone healing time was compared between the two groups. The complications of the two groups were observed.Results:All patients were followed up for 25-64 months［(40.6±10.4)months］. Operation time and intraoperative blood loss were (130.0±10.1)minutes and (284.5±43.5)ml in impaction bone graft group, lower than those in subtotal vertebrectomy group［(253.8±33.2)minutes, (889.1±95.7)ml］(both P<0.01). There were no significant differences in VAS, JOA score or kyphotic Cobb angle between the two groups before operation, at 1 week after operation and at the last follow-up (all P>0.05). Both VAS and JOA score showed significant differences within each group at any time point (all P<0.01). In both groups, the kyphotic Cobb angle reduced significantly at 1 week after operation when compared with that before operation (all P<0.01), and the angle showed a slight increase at the last follow-up, but remained significantly lower than that before operation (all P<0.01). There were no relapse of pain or aggravation of kyphosis. Bone healing time in impaction bone graft group［4.4(4.0, 5.0)months］was significantly shorter than that in subtotal vertebrectomy group［6.4(5.2, 8.1)months］( P<0.01). There were 2 patients with delayed healing of surgical incision in impaction bone graft group, with the complication rate of 11%. There were 2 patients with dural tear and 3 patients with delayed healing of surgical incision in subtotal vertebrectomy group, with the complication rate of 24%. The complication rate was not statistically significant between the two groups ( P>0.05). No loosening or breakage of internal fixation was observed during the follow-up. Conclusions:Transpedicular impaction and grafting of allogeneic bone containing enriched bone marrow combined with posterior internal fixation and posterior subtotal vertebrectomy combined with posterior internal fixation are effective in the treatment of stage III Kümmell disease. However, the former can shorten the operation time, reduce the intraoperative blood loss and accelerate the healing of injured vertebral bone, suggesting a relatively minimally invasive surgical method for reconstruction and maintenance of spinal biomechanical stability.