OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current situation and progress of treating transverse acetabular fractures using different types of internal fixations. DATA SOURCES: The databases including PubMed were retrieved using key words of "acetabular/acetabulum, fracture, plate/plates, screw/screws, cable" both in English and Chinese. DATA SELECTION: The basic research, clinical research, review articles, as well as case reports concerning operation opportunity, and internal fixation methods were included. And repeated papers or articles with incomplete data were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Totally 35 papers were selected, including 3 review articles, 8 basic research and 24 clinical research. RESULTS: Open reduction and internal fixation has been a preferred treatment for transverse acetabular fractures. The goals of treatment are anatomical reconstruction of articular surfaces and rigid internal fixation of the fragments of the fracture, so that to get early active motion. Reconstruction plate was characterized by great strength, good toughness, stable fixation, as well as excellent histocompatibility, which has accepted as standard internal fixation materials. However, the application of newly developed system, such as locking plate, absorbable screws, shape memory alloy staple, and acetabular memory internal fixation system, has received a better clinical results. CONCLUSIONS: There are plenty of internal fixations can be used in treating transverse acetabular fractures, and the reconstruction plate is the most accepted one. Actually, the internal fixations should be combined together to obtain a good result if necessary.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of posterior approach in treatment of crescent pelvic fracture.MethodsBetween April 2007 and January 2010, 12 patients with crescent pelvic fracture were treated via posterior approach at our department. They were 8 men and 4 women, aged from 21 to 55 years (average, 31.3 years). Six left and 6 right sides were affected. The fractures were caused by a traffic accident in 8 cases, high falling in 3 cases and heavy weight crushing in one. By Tile classification, there were 8 cases of type B2. 1 and 4 cases of B2.2. The time from injury to operation was 3 to 9 days, with an average of 6. 2 days. They were treated with open reduction and internal fixation via the posterior approach. Operation time,intraoperative blood loss, postoperative loss of pelvic ring reduction, fracture healing time and Hannover pelvic outcome scoring were documented.ResultsThe average operation time was 172.5 ± 34. 1 minutes(from 120 to 240 minutes) . The average blood loss was 412.5 ±- 128.1 mL(from 250 to 700 mL) . The average reduction gained was 11.7 ±4. 6 mm(from 6 to 21 mm). Ten patients obtained an average follow-up of 16. 3 months (from 12 to 20 months). The X-ray films showed bony healing in all patients after an average of 3. 1 ± 0. 3 months(from 3 to 4 months). There was no postoperative loss of pelvic ring reduction or implant failure.By the Hannover scoring system, 7 patients were rated as excellent and 3 as good in clinic symptoms, and complete social reintegration was obtained in 8 cases and incomplete one in 2 cases.ConclusionOperation via posterior approach is a good choice for treatment of crescent pelvic fracture.

From January 2006 to December 2007,44 cases of humeral shaft fractures were admitted to Department of Orthopaedics,Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,including 29 males and 15 females,with an average age of 40.7 years old(ranging 19-89 years).Of them,13 cases of fracture involved upper segment,24 involved middle segment and 7 lower segment.All fractures were close fractures.According to AO/ASIF classification,there were 5 cases of type A1,11 of A2,6 of A3,6 of B1,12 of B2,and 4 of B3.All patients were treated by expendable intramedullary nailing system.Time of operation,hospitalization and healing,blood loss,intra-or postoperative complications and range of shoulder and elbow motion were recorded and analyzed statistically.X-ray was shot to observe the union of fractures.The expendable intramedullary nailing was successfully performed in all patients for 86 minutes(ranging 30-150 minutes).The blood loss ranged from 30 to 200 mL with a mean of 70 mL.Except primary injury-caused radial paralysis,no iatrogenic radial paralysis occurred.All 44 patients were follow-up with an average of 18 months.Of them,41 patients had fracture union,and 3 nonunion.The average healing time was 15.8 weeks.There were 15 patients complained of pain in the shoulder joint,which did not affect daily life.According to UCLA shoulder scoring system,an excellent result was found in 18 patients,good in 23 patients,and fair in 3 patients with an excellent/good rate of 93.2%.All the patients had the excellent results according to Mayo elbow performance score system.No infection,iatrogenic fracture,limb shortening,nail breakage,fat embolism syndrome or peripheral nerve injury was found.The expandable nail offers the advantages of little blood loss,reduced operation time and exposure to radiation.However,nail antegrade insertion may lead to shoulder pain,and it should be paid more attention for cases of rotational instability in inferior segment of the humerus.

Objective To prospective study the use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for colorectal cancer with liver metastases (CRCLM) and to analyze the safety and survival outcomes.Methods 31 patients with resectable CRCLM were enrolled into this study from January 2009 to August 2011.Synchronous or metachronous liver metastases were diagnosed in 26 and 5 patients,respectively.The treatment strategy was discussed and decided by a multi disciplinary team which consisted of experienced colorectal surgeons,hepatic surgeons,medical oncologists,radiologists,and pathologists.Treatment included the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy,one or two-staged surgery,and suitability to use laparoscopic surg(e)ry.Results Coloproctectomy and partial hepatectomy were carried out in all these patients,and every patient received at least one laparoscopic procedure.The operations in cluded: laparoscopic coloproctectomy plus hepatectomy (n=10),laparoscopic coloproctectomy only (n 18) and laparoscopic partial hepatcctomy only (n=3).One-staged coloproctectomy and hepatectomy were performed in 19 patients who presented with synchronous CRCLM.Colorectal and hepatic specific complications,such as anastomotic leak,liver failure,biliary leak,abdominal infection and abdominal bleeding,were not detected in these pati(e)nts.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was used in 12 patients.Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to every patient.At a mean follow-up of 23.3 months from the diagnosis of liver metastases,the overall survival and disease-free survival were 87.1％ and 71.0％,respectively.Conclusions MIS for resectable CRCLM in carefully selected patients was safe and feasible.A one staged laparoscopic coloproctectomy and partial hepatectomy was possible.The short-middle oncologic outcomes were acceptable,but the long-term survival was still not clear.

Objective:To study the detection rates of using different MRI sequences and enhanced CT in colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM).Methods:The imaging data of CRLM patients who were treated at Peking University Third Hospital from March 2018 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty-six CRLM lesions with a maximum diameter ≤10 mm were selected. Different MRI sequences such as T 1 weighted imaging (T 1WI), T 2 weighted imaging (T 2WI), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic enhanced phase of MRI (MR-Dyn), gadolinium-etoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA), enhanced hepatobiliary phase of MRI (HBP) and CT enhancement phase (CT-Dyn) were reviewed independently to determine whether the target lesions were detected. The pathological results were used as the gold standard. Paired chi-square test was used to compare the detection rate of CRLM in each group. Results:Among the 66 liver metastases, 15, 31, 55, 21, 56 and 20 were detected by T 1WI, T 2WI, DWI, MR-Dyn, HBP and CT-Dyn, respectively. Their detection rates were 22.7%, 47.0%, 83.3%, 31.8%, 84.8% and 30.3%, respectively. The detection rates of HBP and DWI were higher than those of T 2WI, MR-Dyn, CT-Dyn and T 1WI, respectively (all P<0.05). The detection rate of T 2WI was higher than that of MR-Dyn, CT-Dyn and T 1WI (all P<0.05). The detection efficiencies of non-contrast MRI and Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI for CRLM were highly consistent ( Kappa=0.745). Conclusions:The detection rates of HBP, DWI and T 2WI for CRLM were high. Non-contrast MRI could replace Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI for detection of large CRLM.

IL-34 can promote osteoclast differentiation and activation, which may contribute to steroidinduced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Animal model was constructed in both BALB/c and IL-34 deficient mice to detect the relative expression of inflammation cytokines. Micro-CT was utilized to reveal the internal structure. In vitro differentiated osteoclast was induced by culturing bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL-34 conditioned medium or M-CSF. The relative expression of pro-inflammation cytokines, osteoclast marker genes, and relevant pathways molecules was detected with quantitative real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot. Up-regulated IL-34 expression could be detected in the serum of ONFH patients and femoral heads of ONFH mice. IL-34 deficient mice showed the resistance to ONFH induction with the up-regulated trabecular number, trabecular thickness, bone value fraction, and down-regulated trabecular separation. On the other hand, inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12, IL-2, and IL-17A, showed diminished expression in IL-34 deficient ONFH induced mice. IL-34 alone or works in coordination with M-CSF to promote osteoclastogenesis and activate ERK, STAT3, and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. These data demonstrate that IL-34 can promote the differentiation of osteoclast through ERK, STAT3, and non-canonical NF-κB pathways to aggravate steroid-induced ONFH, and IL-34 can be considered as a treatment target.

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic radical coloproctectomy and hepatectomy for resectalble colorectal cancer with liver metastases (CRCLM), and evaluate the survival outcomes of short-middle term for these patients.

METHODSTotally 36 cases of CRCLM which were evaluated to undergo laparoscopic coloproctectomy and hepatectomy preoperatively, were enrolled from January 2009 to January 2014, including 28 synchronous and 8 metachronous CLM respectively. Laparoscopic colorectal resection and hepatectomies were performed in 35 cases, including 24 male and 11 female patients, with a mean age of (64 ± 12) years and a median age of 67 years (ranging from 35 to 80 years). Management strategies were made by a board of multi-disciplinary team. Intra-operative ultrasonography was used to detect the metastases in all cases. Overall survival and disease free survival were calculated by Kaplan-Meier curve.

RESULTSRadical total colectomy, right hemicolectomy, left hemicolectomy, sigmoidectomy, and proctectomy and were performed in 1 case of familial adenomatous polyposis with transverse colon cancer, 5 cases of cecal or asending colon cancer, 1 case of descending colon cancer, 14 cases of sigmoid colon cancer, and 14 cases of rectal cancer respectively. Metastasectomy only, anatomic hepatectomy only, and metastasectomy plus anatomic hepatectomy were done in 21, 10 and 4 cases respectively. Totally 35 colorectal tumors and 62 liver lesions were removed. The mean blood loss of colorectal and liver surgery were (80 ± 32) and (212 ± 153) ml, the median blood loss was 70 ml and 150 ml respectively. Colorectal and hepatic specific complications were not observed in all cases except a case of biliary leakage following right hemihepatectomy. Relapses were observed in 15 cases during a mean follow-up of (26 ± 16) months (median follow-up of 22 months). Four cases died of late-stage cachexia. The 1- and 3-year cumulative overall survival rates were 92.9% and 79.4% respectively. The 1- and 3-year cumulative disease free survival rates were 61.1% and 49.4% respectively.

CONCLUSIONSLaparoscopic coloproctectomy and hepatectomy for resectable CRCLM in carefully selected cases is safe and feasible, which makes simultaneous surgery possible. The oncologic outcome of short-middle term is acceptable, and long-term survival is expected.

Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Cecum ; Colectomy ; methods ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome