A series of tacrine-methoxybenzene hybrids (5a-5i) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of cholinesterases (ChEs). All the compounds had better ChEs inhibitory activities than tacrine with IC50 values at the nanomolar range. Compound 5h exhibited the strongest inhibition on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 value of 6.74 nmol x L(-1) and compound 5f showed the most potent inhibition on butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 value of 3.83 nmol x L(-1). Kinetic and molecular modeling studies showed that these hybrids targeted both the catalytic active site and the peripheral anionic site of AChE.

A series of quinoline-polyamine conjugates (8a-8n) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of cholinesterases (ChEs). Some of these compounds had potent ChEs inhibitory activity with IC50 values at micromolar range. Compound 8n exhibited the strongest inhibition on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with an IC50 value of 8.78 micromol x L(-1), and compound 8i showed the most potent inhibition on butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50 value of 1.60 micromol x L(-1) which was slightly better than rivastigmine. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the chain length of polyamine and linker played important roles for inhibitory activity. Molecular modeling studies showed that 8i targeted both the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of cholinesterases.

Objective To investigate the effects of methyprednislone on the expression of tumor alveolar septal cell apoptosis in autoimmune emphysema rats,in order to provide a theoretical basis for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)pathogenesis and it’s treatment.Methods 24 rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group (n=8 ),model group (n=8 )and intervention group (methylprednisolone sodium succinate,n=8).Intraperitoneal injection of primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were given to establish the autoimmune emphysema models,intervention group was injected with methylprednisolone at the meantime,and normal control group was received adjuvant only.Pathological changes were observed in lung tissues stained by hematoxylin eosin,mean liner intercept(MLI)and mean alveolar numbers(MAN)were measured.The localization of VEGF and VEGFR-2 in lung tissues were detected by immunohistochemical analysis.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)technique was carried out to detect the alveolar septal cells apoptosis. Results The MLI in model group was higher than that in normal control group,while MAN was lower(P<0.05 );MLI in intervention group was lower than that in model group,but the MAN was higher (P<0.05 ).The localization of VEGF and VEGFR-2 in lung tissues in model group were lower than that in normal control group,and those in intervention group were higher than that in model group,the difference were all statistically significant(P<0.05 ).AI of alveolar septal cell in model group was higher than that in normal control group,which in intervention group was higher than that in model group,the difference were all statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The decreasing of VEGF and VEGFR-2 in lung tissues may cause alveolar septal cell apoptosis and contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune emphysema of rats.Methyprednislone can alleviate the form of autoimmune emphysema in rats,which may be ralated to the regulation of VEGF and VEGFR-2 expression and inhibition of alveolar septal cell apoptosis.

In the present study, the apoptotic mechanism and polyamine transporter recognition of WJH-6, a novel polyamine conjugate, were investigated in K562 and HL-60 cells. The cytotoxicity of WJH-6 was assessed by MTT assay; cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry; the protein expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, Bid and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated by high content screening (HCS) analysis; the protein expression of cytochrome c was measured by Western blotting. The results showed that WJH-6 could be recognized and transported by polyamine transporter (PAT). Furthermore, WJH-6 was able to inhibit K562 and HL-60 cells proliferation and induce apoptosis. This apoptotic effect was relative to MMP loss, cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm and the activation of Caspase-8, Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and Bid. These results suggested that WJH-6-induced K562 and HL-60 cells apoptosis was related with mitochondrial damage.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship among 25-hydroxyvitamin D,serum calcium,calcium-sensing receptor,and breast cancer. Methods The expressions of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in primary breast cancer,breast benign tumors,and normal breast tissue beside tumors were determined by immunohistochemistry S-P method as well as the concentration of serum 25 (OH) D and serum calcium in breast cancer and breast benign tumors by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),Tribromoarsenazo Ⅲ method.ResultsSerum 25 (OH) D level of breast cancer was significantly lower than the breast benign tumors [ (34.13 ± 14.14) nmol/L vs (50.29 ± 25.65 ) nmol/L,t =2.870,P =0.001 ].Serum level of 25 ( OH ) D in lymph node metastasis positive patient was lower than that in negative group [ (30.8 ± 9.71 ) nmol/L vs (43.7 ± 23.59) nmol/L,t =2.467,P =0.021 ].The positive expression of CaSR in breast cancer(88.9％ )was higher than breast benign tumors(60％,x2 =6.717,P ＜ 0.01 ) and normal breast tissue beside tumors (60％,x2 =5.628,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsConcentration of serum 25 (OH)D and expression of calcium-sensing receptor in the tissues may be associated with occurrence,development and prognosis of breast cancer.

Objective To explore the effect of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in intestinal tumor development and the relationship between VDR and β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods The interaction of vitamin D receptor and β-catenin were detected by co-immunoprecipitation assay after human colonic carcinoma cells SW480 were treated with vitamin D in vitro for 4 hours. The expression of E-cadherin protein was detected by Western blot after treated for 24 hours. To compare APCmin/+VDR-/- and APCmin/+ mice in vivo, the expression of VDR,β-catenin and BrdU proteins in intestinal tumor were determined by immunohistochemistry. The expression of β-catenin protein in tumor and adjacency intestinal was further determined by Western blot. Results After SW480 cells were treated with vitamin D, vitamin D receptor and β-catenin protein showed binding, the expression of E-cadherin protein further increased (Gray value the control group 145.57±4.21,Gray value of the experimental group 109.35±3.56,t＝32.63,P＜0.05). Immunostaining and Western blot detection（Gray value 166.47±2.36） showed a marked increase of β-catenin level(Gray value 140.51±2.57) in APCmin/+VDR-/- tumor compared to APCmin/+ tumor(145.41±3.62,182.35±3.24,t＝2.65,4.36,P＜0.05). Conclusions The role of vitamin D suppressing intestinal tumor may be achieved through VDR affectingβ-catenin signaling pathway.

Aim To investigate the apoptotic mechanism and polyamine transporter recognition of 3-nitro-naphthalimide norspermine conjugate (NNINspm),a novel naphthalimide-polyamine conjugate, in HepG2 cells.Methods The cytotoxicity of NNINspm was assessed by MTT assay.Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry.The protein expression of cytochrome C,14-3-3,Bad,Bcl-xL,mTOR,p70S6K,Cdk4,p27~(kip1),Akt,Caspase-3,Caspase-9 was evaluated by Western blot.The translocation of Akt was detected by high content screening (HCS) analysis.Results NNINspm induced HepG2 cells apoptosis via Akt dephosphorylation and then triggered a series of signal events, such as Bad dephosphorylation, dissociation of 14-3-3 and Bad, and then binding to Bcl-xL,which finally resulted in mitochondrial disruption,cytochrome c release and caspase cascade activation.Furthermore,the NNINspm-mediated cell cycle arrest was due to mTOR and p70S6K dephosphorylation,Cdk4 down-regulation and p27~(kip1) up-regulation.Conclusion NNINspm induces HepG2 cell apoptosis via PI_3K/Akt signal pathway.

Objective To study the significance of morphologic, immunophenotype, cytogenetic features, molecular biology (MICM) and prognosis of t (8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients.Methods Morphological, FAB subtypes, flow cytometric immunophenotyping, G-binding technique and RTPCR were performed in 70 AML patients with t (8;21) and AML1-ETO fusion transcripts as compared with normal karyotype 70 AML patients. Results In 70 AML patients with t(8;21), 1 case of M1, 64 cases of M2, 3cases of M4 and 2 cases of ambiguity AL according to FAB classification. The CD13, CD33, CD34 and CD117expression were higher, meanwhile CD19 was positive in 40 %, CD15 was 11%, CD11b was 10 % and CD7 was 7 %. Cytogenetically, 50 % cases had additional chromosomal abnormalities, and main associated recurrent additional abnormalities were loss of a sex chromosome, 9q- and hyperdiploid. AML1/ETO fusion gene transcripts were detected in all 70 AML patients with t(8;21) by RT-PCR. CR rate of t(8;21) AML with CD19were 72 %, t(8;21) AML with CD19 and CD7 were 0; in normal karyotype AML were 31%. Conclusion The t(8;21) is the characteristic chromosome abnormality of M2. In the t(8;21), CD19, CD34 and CD117 expression are high, while CD7 are low. These antigen expression in t(8;21) AML closely correlated with karyotype. CD19 is a marker of good prognosis, but CD7 is a marker of low CR.

This study is to examine the effects of NNIspm-mediated cellular senescence of HepG2 cells and elucidate its potential molecular mechanism. Cellular senescence was detected with senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining. Cell cycle distribution, intracellular fluorescence intensity and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by high content screening (HCS). Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Polyamines content was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results demonstrated that NNIspm significantly induced HepG2 cells senescence. This effect was due to the decrease of intracellular polyamines, the arrest at G0/G1 phase and an increase of ROS level. The molecular senescence marker p21 increased significantly after NNIspm treatment. In contrast, the protein expressions of Cyclin E and CDK2 were obvious down-regulation. The results indicated that cellular senescence induced by NNIspm was one of its antitumor mechanisms.

Objective:To explore the key factors affecting the formulation of treatment and prognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma.Methods:Patient data, clinical characteristics and the results of follow-up of typical cases of 23 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma admitted to Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital Breast and Thyroid Surgery from Apr. 2007 to Mar. 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The therapeutic schedule and prognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma were discussed in combination with ATA guidelines and others.Results:Of the 23 patients with MTC, 22 (95.65%) had elevated serum calcitonin, 15 (65.22%) had elevated carcinoembryonic antigen, 3 (13.04%) had suspected abnormal lymph nodes, and 2 (8.70%) had capsule invasion. Thyroid lobectomy, thyroid lobectomy with lateral lymph node dissection in level VI, total thyroidectomy, total thyroidectomy with lateral lymph node dissection in level VI, total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection in level VI, total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection in level VI with lymph node dissection in level I, II, III, IV, V or VII were performed in 1, 2, 3, 1, 13, 3 cases respectively. 8 cases had postoperative recurrence (34.78%) , of which 7 cases were caused by the first operation. The level of Ctn increased significantly in 2 cases before operation, who underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection in level VI, and no recurrence was found after operation.Conclusions:The key to the biological cure of medullary thyroid carcinoma is standardized surgical treatment. The surgery method cannot be determined simply by calcitonin. The modern treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma needs to follow the principle of standardization and individualization at the same time.