Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI),and to evaluate the management model of ROP screening of ELBWI and the clinical effects and treatment timing of photocoagulation with intravitreous injection of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor (Avastin).Methods Forty-five cases of ELBWI (birth weight ＜ 1000 g) survived finally in our neonatal intensive care unit from July 1,2004 to June 30,2011 were reviewed.ROP screening was regularly performed in 4 ～ 6 weeks postpartum with binocular indirect funduscope by ophthalmologists.Newborns with severe ROP were treated with laser photocoagulation in the fundus.Some newborns that developed aggressive posterior ROP(APROP) were treated with combined intravitreous injection of Avastin and photocoagulation.Results Thirteen of 45 cases (28.89％) had not developed to ROP finally.Six cases (13.33％) developed to stage 1 ～ 2 ROP and then spontaneous recovery during the follow-up period.Twenty-six newborns (57.78％) developed to severe aggressive posterior ROP (APROP) and need to be treated with photocoagulation.All 3 APROP infants (6.67％) were received intravitreous Avastin injection prior to photocoagulation.The visual acuity of all 45 patients (100％) in this study was preserved.Conclusion ELBWI have a higher morbidity of severe ROP.Timely screening and intervention are effective to prevent disease progression.Intravitreous Avastin injection prior to photocoagulation may be necessary to preserve the visual acuity of infants with APROP.Respiratory management is the key for post-operation care.

Starting from the clinical practice,this paper considers the common used syndrome typing in current of zang-fu differentiation are basic syndromes. It is too general,weak in pertinency and inconvenient for the clinical application. Therefore,we provide the new assumption about the detailed typing of zang-fu differentiation,and expatiate its concept,principle,basis and significance. Through these,TCM syndrome differentiation system can be expanded in some sense. The paper also provides a new way for building an objective and standard TCM system.

This study was aimed to observe the effects ofTian-ShuDripping Pills (TSDP) on cerebral hemodynamics among anesthetized dogs, in order to demonstrate its clinical treatment functional correlation on angioneurotic headache. A total of 25 hybrid dogs were randomly divided into the normal saline (NS) group, TS capsule (positive control: 0.4 g·kg-1 crude medicine) group, low-dose TSDP (0.2 g·kg-1 crude medicine) group, middle-dose TSDP (0.4 g·kg-1 crude medicine) group, and high-dose TSDP (0.8 g·kg-1 crude medicine) group.Intraduodenal administration was given once under anesthesia. Changes of mean arterial blood pressure, blood flow of vertebral artery and internal carotid artery blood flow were detected and the cerebral blood flow and cerebral vascular resistance were calculated. The results showed that TSDP of low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose group can significantly reduce the cerebral vascular resistance and increase the cerebral blood flow within 180 min after medication. It was concluded that TSDP can improve the cerebral blood circulation of anesthetized dogs. Its mechanism may be through the reduction on cerebral vascular resistance and increasing of cerebral blood flow.

Objective To analyze the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)among extreme-ly preterm infants,and to evaluate the treatment methods and effects among those with severe ROP.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed to analyze incidence of ROP in 96 cases of extremely preterm infants who were born at a gestational age of 〈28 weeks and survived beyond a postmenstrual age of at least 1 year from Apr 2006 to Oct 2013,and to analyze the treatment outcomes of photocoagulation and ranibizum-ab intravitreal injection among the infants with severe ROP.Results Fifty-six of 96 cases(58.33%)grew into ROP finally and 21 cases(21.88%)grew into severe ROP,2 cases(2.08%)grew into aggressive poste-rior ROP.Fifteen cases with severe ROP were treated with laser photocoagulation.Four cases with severe ROP were received ranibizumab intravitreal injection prior to photocoagulation.Two cases with severe ROP were only treated with ranibizumab intravitreal injection.The eyesight of 96 patients (100%)in this study were all preserved.Conclusion ROP screening should focus on extremely preterm infants because of higher incidence of ROP and severe ROP among them.The infants with severe ROP should be treated with laser photocoagulation in time.The infants in critical condition or with aggressive posterior ROP can be treated with ranibizumab injection.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of P38 signaling pathway in neonatal rat astrocyte swelling and the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and recovery (OGD/R).

METHODSPrimarily cultured neonatal rat astrocytes were subject to OGD for 5 h followed by oxygen-glucose recovery in the presence or absence of the P38 inhibitor SB203580 (10 µmol/L). The astrocytes were investigated at 0.5, 2, 8 and 24 h after oxygen-glucose recovery for morphological changes and cell injuries using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The expressions of P38, P-P38, and AQP4 mRNAs and proteins in the astrocytes were detected using RT-PCR and Western blotting.

RESULTSOGD/R caused significantly enhanced expression of P-P38 protein, and this effect was blocked by SB203580. AQP4 mRNA and protein expression declined transiently at 0.5 h after OGD and increased gradually to reach the peak level at 8 h (P<0.05). Application of the SB203580 significantly lowered OGD-induced AQP4 mRNA and protein up-regulation (P<0.05). Astrocyte swelling occurred after OGD/R but was obviously lessened by SB203580. LDH release increased markedly after OGD/R, and was attenuated by treatment with SB203580 (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONP38 signaling pathway participates in astrocyte swelling after OGD/R, and blocking this pathway can attenuate AQP4 up-regulation and ameliorate the cell swelling.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Aquaporin 4 ; metabolism ; Astrocytes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Edema ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; physiology ; Oxygen ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism

At present, the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 is still serious, and the prevention and control of this epidemic is taken seriously throughout the country. As one of the most common acute abdominal diseases in hepatobiliary surgery, gallstones with acute cholecystitis has sudden onset and rapid progression and thus requires early diagnosis and timely and effective treatment. During the prevention and control of the epidemic, patients should be admitted properly to reduce nosocomial infection. Gallstones with acute cholecystitis is often accompanied by pyrexia, and therefore, the presence or absence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection should be clarified. Treatment regimen should be selected appropriately and individualized treatment measures should be developed. While ensuring that patients receive timely and effective diagnosis and treatment, hospitals should adopt prevention and control measures for patients and their caregivers to reduce nosocomial infection. The personal protection of medical personnel should also be taken seriously, and scientific measures should be implemented to guarantee their safety.

Common bile duct stones are a common of digestive system disease, and as one of the long-term complications after Billroth II subtotal gastrectomy, it has attracted more and more attention from clinicians. Common bile duct stones after Billroth II subtotal gastrectomy have a complex pathogenesis, including neurological, humoral, and mechanical factors. Even though there are many methods to remove stones, there are still controversies over the selection of digestive endoscopy, surgical operation, or percutaneous transhepatic approach. Clinicians should fully evaluate the specific conditions of patients and formulate individualized treatment regimens to achieve the best treatment outcome.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key regulator of innate and adaptive immune response. The role of TLR4 in pancreatic diseases is a research hotspot in recent years, and a large number of studies have shown that TLR4 is closely associated with pancreatic cancer. This article mainly discusses the abnormal expression and regulation mechanism of TLR4 in pancreatic cancer and its potential in cancer treatment, so as to provide new ideas for the pathogenesis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Ischemic stroke has the characteristics of high morbidity, high disability rate, and high fatality rate. There is currently no effective rehabilitation treatment method. With the advancement of basic research and preparation technology of stem cells and the extensive development of animal experiments, stem cell transplantation has shown great potential for application in the treatment of ischemic stroke. This article elaborated on the mechanism, types and sources of stem cell transplantation and transplantation methods. By reviewing the research process of stem cells in ischemic stroke model, we can provide reference for clinical research of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of ischemic stroke.