Objective To investigate the effects of splenectomy on peripheral immune cells including Th17 cells in patients with portal hy-pertension and to analyze the influence of splenectomy on their immune function.Methods Twenty-five portal hypertension patients trea-ted with splenectomy in No.180 Hospital of PLA from June 2012 to June 2014 were selected as observation group,and 25 healthy controls who underwent physical examination in the same period as control group.Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentages of CD3 , CD4,and CD8 T lymphocytes,CD4/CD8 ratio,and percentage of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood of portal hypertension patients (1 day before operation and at 7 days,1 month,and 3 months after operation)and healthy controls.ELISA was used to evaluate the changes in ser-um interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-17 (IL-17),and interleukin-23 (IL-23).Comparison between groups was made by one-way ANOVA and LSD-t test.Results Before splenectomy,the portal hypertension patients had significantly lower percentages of CD3, CD4,and CD8 T lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio (P<0.01 for all)and significantly higher percentage of Th17 cells and levels of their as-sociated inflammatory cytokines (IL-6,IL-17,and IL-23)(P<0.01 for all),as compared with the control group.At 7 days,1 month,and 3 months after operation,the percentages of CD3,CD4,and CD8 T cells and CD4/CD8 ratio in portal hypertension patients first decreased and then increased,and these values were significantly lower at 7 days after operation than before operation (P<0.01 for all);at 3 months after operation,the patients showed no significant differences in the percentages of CD3,CD4,and CD8 T cells and CD4/CD8 ra-tio compared with the control group (P>0.05 for all).At 7 days,1 month,and 3 months after operation,the percentage of Th17 cells and levels of their associated inflammatory cytokines (IL-6,IL-17,and IL-23)in portal hypertension patients decreased gradually (P<0.05 for all).Conclusion Th17 cells and their associated inflammatory cytokines (IL-6,IL-17,and IL-23)are reduced in portal hy-pertension patients treated with splenectomy,so their immune function can be improved.

Objective To compare and analyze gene expression patterns in rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly given either general diet (control group) or a high-fat diet (model group) for 4 weeks.The histopathologic changes of the liver were observed and gene expression patterns were analyzed and compared by cDNA mieroarray.Results Hepatocellular steatosis and inflammatory infiltration were observed in model group after high-fat diet for 4 weeks.Fifty-one differential genes were found in model group,20 of which were up-regulated (sterol regulatory element binding factor 1,stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 and Bcl 2 modifying factor)and 31 were down-regulated (peroxisomal enoyl coenzyme A hydratase 1,heat shock 70 protein 1A and ATPase inhibitory factor 1). The up-regulating genes were involved in lipogenesis and cell apoptosis,while down-regulated genes were involved in fatty acid oxidation, protein modification and energy metabolism.Conclusions The differential expression of genes may involve in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP) with the aim to raise awareness of AIP.Methods Clinical data of 32 patients with AIP were retrospectively analyzed,including clinical manifestations,imaging features,laboratory examination,histopathology and treatment from November 2009 to April 2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School,Zhejiang University.Results All 32 AIP patients including 25 males and 7 females had a median age of (62.5 ± 12.6) years (27-84 years).The initial symptoms included obstructive jaundice in 50.0％patients (16/32),abdominal pain in 43.8％ (14/32),fatigue and weight loss in 12.5％ (4/32),and bloody stool in 6.3％ (2/32).Laboratory findings revealed abnormal liver function in 6.3％ (2/32)patients,increased immunoglobulins in 71.9％ (23/32)patients and elevated IgG4 in 8/10 patients.Computerized tomography(CT) scan and ultrasonography were performed in all patients.Diffusely enlarged pancreas were found in 62.5％ (20/32) patients and focally enlarged in 37.5％ (12/32),additionally main pancreatic duct stenosis in 62.5％ (20/32) patients.Nineteen patients obtained histopathological examination,indicating pancreatic interstitial fibrosis,and infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells.Conclusions Autoimmune pancreatitis is an autoimmune disease which may be misdiagnosed as pancreatic cancer.The clinical features,laboratory findings,imaging characteristics,and typical histopathologic presentation,as well as good response to glucocorticoids provide supportive evidence for the diagnosis of AIP.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare dexibuprofen sustained-release pellets,and to analyze the drug release behavior in vitro. METHODS:Centrifugal granulation powder layering-eudragit dispersion coating method was used to prepare dexibuprofen sus-tained-release pellets using 3%HPMC as adhesive agent. The formula of the pellets was optimized by orthogonal test with weight ra-tio of sucrose to dexibuprofen,weight ratio of HPMC to Eudragit NE30D and coating weight as factors,using 1,4 and 10 h accu-mulated release rate (Q) as index. The release of the drug from the pellets was analyzed. RESULTS:The optimized formulation was that the proportion of sucrose to drug was 1:10,the weight ratio of HPMC to Eudragit NE30D was 1.5:1,the increased weight of coating material was 8%. Q1 h,Q4 h and Q10 h of prepared pellets were 21%,57% and 89%,respectively(n=3). The co-rrelation coefficient of zero-order,one-order and Higuchi equation release model were 0.956 6,0.989 9,0.996 5. CONCLUSIONS:Prepared pellets show good sustained-release effect in vitro. Drug release of pellets is more in accordance with Higuchi equation.

Dengue is the most wide-spread arthropod-borne viral disease of humans in the tropic and sub-tropic regions.In this study,genomic sequences of more than 3 000 dengue viruses available in the GenBank were aligned and analyzed by sero type.According to phylogenetic trees generated by the minimum evolution method of MEGA5.0,dengue viruses were divided into 4-6 genotypes within the four serotypes,respectively.Meanwhile,it was indicated that the distribution of most genotypes was associated with geographic origins of dengue viruses.Probable origins for most of the 39 strains from China with genomic sequences were deduced from relevant ancestral strains in the context of ME trees.These results revealed that the genotype distribution of dengue viruses was geographic origin-specific at genomic level,and that diverse introduction sources were attributed to dengue outbreaks in China.

Objective To observe differences between repeat and written response in speech recognition tests of short Mandarin monosyllable lists. Methods 12 normal-hearing subjects were tested by 6 short monosyllabic lists. The subjects should repeat and write down.the contents of the tests at the same time, the tester monitors au-rally and records the subjects' reactions. The speech recognition scoring error under different responses at different presentation levels could be obtained by comparing the records of the subjects with the tester. Results The speech recognition scoring of repeat and written response were highly correlated with each other (P<0.01). However, 19(26.4%) out of 72 pairs of test records were inconsistent. The error range of them was from -5% to 10%. When the presentation level was 5 dB HL, the difference among the speech recognition scoring was significant statistically, but not significant when the presentation level at 20, 15, 10 and 0 dB HL. Conclusion The test results of speech audiometry are impacted by different respond methods. In the open-set test, it's supposed that the subjects should make notes while repeating the contents of the tests, then compare with the aural monitoring records of the tester to keep the reliability of the test.

OBJECTIVE:To intensify the scientific inner management of drugs in hospitals,lower the operation cost on drug management and guarantee patients' medication safety.METHODS:The problems occurred in hospital drug management were analyzed,and the method of management by objective and PDCA cyclical method in scientific management were employed to make a target plan in conformity with the three-level drug management model of our hospital and then the management proposal was carried out.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The application of scientific management enhanced hospital drug management level as well as working efficiency,and the quantity of the overdue drugs was lowered by 90.5% in 2008 than in the same period of 2007.

AIM: To study the possible molecular mechanism of beta-amyloid peptide_ 1-40 -induced apoptosis in rat cortical neurons. METHODS: 40 mg/L beta-amyloid peptide_ 1-40 (A?_ 1-40 ) was used to induce apoptosis in cultured rat cortical neurons. The level of CDK4, phosphorylated pRB were detected by flow cytometry and immunoblotting; RT-PCR was used to examine the mRNA expression of E2F1 while fluorescent spectrofluorometer was used to measure caspase-3 activity. All of the above study was designed to observe whether the level of CDK4, phosphorylated pRB and E2F1 mRNA expression could be affected by A?_ 1-40 . RESULTS: (1)The level of CDK4, phosphorylated pRB increased markedly 2-4 hours after treatment with A?_ 1-40 , and caspase-3 activity elevated remarkably 12-24 hours after treatment with A?_ 1-40 ; (2) E2F1 mRNA expression was upregulated 3 hours after incubation with A?_ 1-40 . CONCLUSION: A?_ 1-40 may induce apoptosis in rat cortical neurons in a manner dependent on CDK4-pRB-E2F1 pathway.

Osteomyelitis (OM) is still a major problem for orthopedists. Numerous studies have shown that genetic factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OM. As a third generation genetic marker, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have received increasing attention from scholars who are studying genetic susceptibility to OM. In-depth research on the SNPs of susceptibility genes will help to explore new strategies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of OM. This article reviews the research advances concerning gene SNPs and OM susceptibility.

In order to study event-related desynchronization (ERD) related to voluntary movement, we designed two experiments. In the first experiment, untrained subjects were required to imagine the action of typing with left or right index finger for about 1 second before real action, whereas they were required to type instantly after instruction in the second experiment. By analyzing spontaneous EEG signals between the instruction and the action, we predicted which finger was used. The prediction accuracy in the first experiment fell from 85% to 71% with the progress of experiment, the average accuracy being 78%, whereas the prediction result was almost random guess in the second experiment. The results demonstrate that (1) ERD patterns are significantly affected by the effective duration of motion imagination, (2) unconscious reduction of this duration can decrease the prediction accuracy. Therefore, when designing subsequent BCI experiments, we should devote our attention to the question of how to keep the effective duration of motion imagination.
Brain ; physiology ; Cortical Synchronization ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Man-Machine Systems ; Task Performance and Analysis ; User-Computer Interface