Objective To evaluate the different effeotions among laparoseopic choleeysteotomy (LC)combined with bile duct exploration (LCBDE)and stone removal,LC with endoacopic sphincterotomy (EST),and open-choleeysteetomy (OC)with exploration of common bile duct (ECBD)for treating choleeys-tolithiasis with choledocholithiasis.Methods Among 289 cases of choleeystolithiasis and choledocholithla-sis,132 patients were treated by OC with ECBD,36 cases by LC with LCBDE,121 cases by EST combined with LC.The stone residual rate and leakage of bile rate,operation time,the loss of blood in operation,re-covery time of gastrointestinal function,length of hospital stay of the three groups were compared.Results There was no statistical difference in the stone residual rate and leakage of bile rate among the three groups,but OC with ECBD group had significantly longer operation time,more loss of blood in operation,later re-covery time of gastrointestinal function and longer hospital stay than the other groups.Conclusions There are respective indications,advantages and disadvantages in the three groups.We found that the operation of LC with LCBDE is the better choice for the patients of cholecystolithiasis with choledocholithiasis,single choledocholithiasis;However,the patients with obviously infection of biliary tract or acute pancreatitis is not suitable for this method.

Objective To prepare patent-blue-lipesomes(PB-LPS),a lymph-mapping developer.Methods PB was encapsulated in the liposomes using the passive loading method.The female Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with the PB-LPS,PB,blank liposomes or isotonic rmtrium chloride at the heel solos,to study the stained situation of the lymph nodes and chemical analysis oftheir ALT,AST,BUN,Cr.Results The lymph nodes were obviously blue staining after injected PB-LPS or PB,the blue smimng ratios were 40%,20%(P<0.05),and the effect of PB-LPS on tracing of lymphy nodes was better than PB.No significant difference was found in ALT,AST,BUN and Cr.Conclusion The PB-LPS can be successfully prefabricated with such advantage as avirulence and high entrapment efficiency by passive loading method.

Smart manufacturing still remains critical challenges for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Here, an original data-driven engineering framework was proposed to tackle the challenges. Firstly, from sporadic indicators to five kinds of systematic quality characteristics, nearly 2,000,000 real-world data points were successively characterized from Ginkgo Folium tablet manufacturing. Then, from simplex to the multivariate system, the digital process capability diagnosis strategy was proposed by multivariate C_pk integrated Bootstrap-t. The C_pk of Ginkgo Folium extracts, granules, and tablets were discovered, which was 0.59, 0.42, and 0.78, respectively, indicating a relatively weak process capability, especially in granulating. Furthermore, the quality traceability was discovered from unit to end-to-end analysis, which decreased from 2.17 to 1.73. This further proved that attention should be paid to granulating to improve the quality characteristic. In conclusion, this paper provided a data-driven engineering strategy empowering industrial innovation to face the challenge of smart pharmaceutical manufacturing.