Type-2 innate lymphoid cells ( ILC2 ) is a new member of the innate lymphoid cell family which has been recently discovered. These cell arise from lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow and,under the control of the transcriptional regulators and Gata3,producing IL-5,IL-9 and IL-13 is a sign of the matura-tion. These cells are critical components of the innate immune response to parasitic worm infections and have al-so been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. This paper summarizes the role of ILC2 in the pathogenesis of asthma and its therapy research progress.

Objective To examine miRNA-31 expression in serum of children with airway allergic disease (asthma and allergic rhinitis) and determine the correlation with CD44.Methods The expression of miR-NA-31 and CD44 in serum of 26 children with acute asthma and allergic rhinitis and non-acute phase and 36 normal control children were determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.Results The miRNA-31 was significantly overexpressed in serum of children with acute asthma and allergic rhinitis compared with non-acute phase and normal control children and significantly correlated with CD44.Conclusion The correlation between miRNA-31 and CD44, the aberrant expression of miRNA-31 may account for the occurrence and development of airway allergic diseases.

Objective To investigate the methods and effects of anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction of the complicated hip decubitus.Methods The study contained 24 cases of grade Ⅳ hip decubitus reconstructed with anterograde pedicled anterolateral thigh flaps through May 2010 to July 2014.There were 13 males and 11 females,aged 26-64 years (mean 54 years).Defects ranged in size from 12 cm×6 cm to 24 cm× 12 cm.Dimensions of flaps harvested were 14 cm ×8 cm to 30 cm× 14 cm.Eighteen cases of the donor sites were directly sutured and six covered with full thickness skin.Results Twenty-two flaps survived completely,and wound was healed by the first intension.Two flaps developed partial distal necrosis,and wound was healed after dressing treatment.Period of follow-up was 6 months to 2 years.Shape,texture and color of the flaps were well matched with the recipient area.Conclusion The anterolateral thigh flap transplantation has advantages of similarity to the recipient area,large enough flap area and sound expected effective and is a good method for repair of hip decubitus.

Objective Published literatures on the relationship between IL-13 gene polymorphism and the susceptibility of children to bronchial asthma in China were comprehensively analyzed with the use of Meta-analysis to evaluate this relationship.Methods The data were collected from the Medline database,Ovid database,the Cochrane library,and Chinese Biomedical database,and the references of eligible studies were manually screened.Published data related to case-control studies reporting the link between IL-13 polymorphisms and asthma in Chinese children were retrieved through those database.Meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether the IL-13 gene polymorphisms were associated with asthma.Results Eighteen studies were finally accepted for analysis.There were three studies focusing on C-1 112T polymorphism,and six studies focusing on C + 1923T polymorphism,and fourteen studies focusing on G + 2044A polymorphism.There was no evidence to confirm that the genotypes in position IL-13-1112 C/T were associated with asthma in Chinese children [odds ratio(OR) =1.00,95％ CI 0.82-1.22,P =0.98].The OR of asthma for TT/CC genotypes was 1.15 (95 ％ CI 0.57-2.33,P =0.69) and for CT/CC was 1.01 (95 ％ CI 0.82-1.25,P =0.89).There was significant evidence to confirm that the genotypes in position + 1923 C/T were associated with asthma in Chinese children(OR =1.86,95％ CI 1.29-2.67,P =0.000 9).The OR of asthma for TT/CC genotypes was 2.12 (95 ％ CI 1.27-3.56,P =0.004) and for TC/CC was 1.67 (95％ CI 1.18-2.35,P =0.003).There was no correlation between IL-13 + 2044G/A polymorphism and the susceptibility (OR =1.33,95％ CI 0.94-1.88,P =0.11).The OR of asthma for AA/GG genotypes was 1.30 (95 ％ CI 0.76-2.20,P =0.34) and for AG/GG was 1.24(95％ CI 0.90-1.70,P =0.19).Conclusions IL-13 gene + 1923 TT and TC genotypes should be associated with susceptibility of asthma in Chinese children,and the T allele could increase the risk of asthma.No clear relationship was found between the genotype TT/TC at the IL-13-1112 site and the incidence of asthma of children in China,and so was the genotype AA/AG at the IL-13 +2044 site and the incidence.

Objective To describe the vaccine inoculation rate of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and the movement characteristics of rural population in the Xi'an epidemic area.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.The study covered all the four HFRS traditional high incidence areas (counties):Zhouzhi,Huxian,Chang'an and Lintong.Three villages were selected in each county and 20 households were selected in each village in 2013.Participants included all the persons of these families.People 16-60 years old were interviewed face to face about their sociodemographic and environmental information,and at the same time related HFRS vaccine history and characters of migrant workers were collected.Results Nine hundred and ninety-six persons were investigated,69.3 percent (690/996) were vaccinate-age population.Of all,49.0 percent (338/690) had HFRS vaccine history and 53.9 percent (372/690) had worked away from home most of the year.The inoculation proportion of workers which worked in their own counties (56.8％,67/118) were higher than that of workers worked outside (37.0％,60/162;39.1％,36/92,x2 =10.74,6.44,all P ＜ 0.017).In the workers that went back home every week,60.3 percent (76/126) had vaccinated.Workers that went back home once a year had the lowest proportion of inoculation (16.7％,7/42).The morbidity of HFRS decreased significantly accompany with ascend of inoculation rate (Y =-0.524X + 38.319,t =-4.581,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions After the free vaccinations,there is still a gap between the vaccine inoculation rate and prevention benefit.The current vaccination strategies need to be adjusted.

Amputation, Traumatic ; Ear ; surgery ; Humans ; Replantation

Objective To explore the clinical effect of repairing the large area of soft tissue defect of the calf by the retrograde anterolateral thigh flap with single high cutaneous perforator. Methods From January, 2014 to July, 2017, 9 cases of large area of soft tissue defects were repaired by the retrograde anterolateral thigh flap with sin-gle high cutaneous perforator.There were 7 males and 2 females, aged 24-48 years.Soft tissue defects area of the calf was 10.0 cm×7.0 cm to 35.0 cm×15.0 cm, including skin grafting and skin stretch to repair the area. The perforating point of the high cutaneous artery branches was designed at the proximal end of the flap, which was used as the single nutrient vessel of the flap. The rotation point of the flap was moved upward to the proximal thigh, which not only in-creased the blood supply of the flap, but also made the flap repair range to the distal calf. The flap range was 15.0 cm×10.0 cm to 22.0 cm×12.0 cm. Results All flaps were cut smoothly, and no vascular crisis occurred. All flaps survived smoothly.All patients were followed-up for 6-12 months. The appearance of flaps was plump, slightly bloat-ed, and their color was similar to the recipient area. The texture was soft, and no active disorder in the donor site. Conclusion The retrograde anterolateral thigh flap with single high cutaneous perforator can be designed at a high rotation point.By increasing the number and caliber of the anastomotic branch between the pedicle and lateral superi-or genicular artery, the blood supply and reflux of flap can be improved, and the survival rate is not affected. Com-pared with the traditional anterolateral thigh flap, it has great advantages.

Objective To explore the surgical technique and treatment outcomes of the big toe wrap-around flap combination of the second phalange with the metatarsal to reconstruct the thumb. Methods From June,2014 to December, 2016, 6 patients of the thumb defects onⅤdegree, we took the big toe wrap-around flap with the second toe and the metatarsal to reconstruct the thumb. The metatarsal head was truncated nearby the metatarsophalangeal joint,and the metatarsal head was turned 70°-80° from the dorsal side to the plantar side, then recombinated the metatarsal after dealed with the fracture, so it can rebuild the metacarpophalangeal joints and the metacarpal. 6 cases were followed up. Results All cases survived,and they were followed up duing 4 to 24 months after operation. The shape was similar with uninjured sides and the two-point discrimination was 1.0-2.0 cm.The function recovered satis-factorily and the maximum flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints can reach 50 degrees,at the same time,it has the function of dorsiflexion. They were got bone healing and there was no bone absorption and joint degeneration. The donor foot has no ulceration,and walking without the pain and lameness. According to the Upper Extremity Functional functional Evaluation Standard set up by Hand Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association,there were excellent in 3 cases and good in 3 cases. Conclusion Combined the big toe wrap-around flap with the second toe and the metatarsal to reconstruct the thumb, it can rebuild the metacarpophalangeal joints and metacarpal, we can get the thumb which have the physiological curvature and the suitable length,the configuration and the function were satisfac-tory.It is an effective method for reconstruction of the thumb defect onⅤdegree.

Objective:To investigate the surgical method and clinical effect of repairing the forefoot soft tissue defect by the retrograded lateral tarsal artery perforator flap pedicled with the anterior branch.Methods:From March, 2015 to October, 2018, 9 patients with soft tissue defects in forefoot were repaired by the retrograded lateral tarsal artery perforator flap pedicled with anterior branch. One patient received an emergency repair and 8 received secondary repair. The wounds were all located in the forefoot. Area of defects were 3.0 cm×2.0 cm-5.0 cm×4.0 cm; flap areas were 3.5 cm×3.0 cm-6.0 cm×4.5 cm. The donor sites of flap were repaired with full thickness skin graft. All patients received postoperative followed-up through the visits of outpatient clinics, WeChat or telephone reviews.Results:Eight flaps survived successfully and the wounds healed by first intention; One flap had venous crisis 2 days after surgery and after having removed stitches of the pedicle of flap, only distal skin necrosis occurred. And healed after changing treatment. All the skin graft in donor sites of flaps survived well. All patients were entered 3 to 18 months postoperative follow-up. The shape of flaps had good textures and were not bloated. The sensation of flaps partially recovered. In the last followed-up, 8 flaps were assessed by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) middle foot scoring standard. The results were excellent in 5 cases, good in 2 cases and poor in 1 case, with the good and excellent rate of 87.5%.Conclusion:The retrograde lateral tarsal artery perforator flap pedicled with the anterior branch is one of the effective methods to repair the soft tissue defect in forefoot without damaging the main trunk of dorsal pedal artery. It features a reliable blood supply to the flap and a relatively simple surgical procedure.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of lateral supramalleolar perforator flap with the rotation point down on the repair of forefoot soft tissue defect.Methods From January,2016 to June,2017,23 cases (15 males and 8 females) of forefoot soft tissue defect were repaired by lateral supramalleolar perforator flap with the rotation point down.The age ranged from 8 to 67 (mean,42.9) years.The soft tissue defects were located far from the tarsometatarsal joint of the foot and the areas were 4.0 cm×4.0 cm-8.0 cm×12.0 cm.The areas of flap stitched directly or take blade thick skin repair on the thigh.All cases were followed-up by telephone or Internet,outpatient visit and home visit.Results Twenty-one cases survived successfully.Small area necrosis occurred at the distal end of the flap in 1 case,and healed after changing treatment.In the other cases,tension blister appeared at the distal end of the flap.After cut off some surgical stitches,the flap survived.All cases were followed-up from 6 to 12 months.The shape of flaps were not bloated and had good textures.The walking of affected limbs had no significant effect,and the functional recovery was satisfactory.Conclusion The lateral supramalleolar perforator flap is easy to cut and the perforator of flap is constant,which is a appropriate flap to repair the soft tissue defect of the forefoot.