Objective:To explore the clinical pathogenisis of urination dysfunction in aged males and evaluate the bladder and urethra function by urodynamics studies.Methods:Clinical etiological diagnosis and urodynamic studies were performed in 304 aged male patients with urination dysfunction.Results:Among the entire 304 patients,186(61%)patients had benign prostatic hyperplasia.21(7%) patients had other male genitourinary system diseases.77(25%)patients had no male genitourinary system diseases.Urodynamic studies diagnosed:132(43%)patients had bladder outlet obstruction;119(39%)patients had detrusor instability;187(61%)patients had detrusor muscle with poor compliance;77(25%)patients had detrusor muscle weakness;38(12%)patients had detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia.Conclusion:Multisystem and multi-species diseases can cause urination dysfunction in aged males.Urodynamic studies is efficacious for the cognition of the bladder and urethra dysfunction.Clinical etiological diagnosis combined with urodynamic studies can make the diagnosis of urination dysfunction in aged males more precise.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation, biochemically detected data, and radiographic features of a pedigree with suspected mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome, and to explore the correlations between the clinical features and the mutant heteroplasmy levels of mitochondrial genome. Methods The personal details, histories of stroke-like episodes and seizures within the proband and 11 members in the maternal lineage of the family were collected. Routine blood examinations and plasma lactate levels before and after movements of these family members were detected, followed by cephalic MRI examinations. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing were used to detect and validate the A3243G point mutation in mitochondrial genome, and real-time PCR were used to quantify the mutation proportion of A3243G. Results Typical symptoms of MELAS such as seizures, stroke-like episodes and hyperlactacidemia and atypical symptoms such as growth failure, exercise intolerance, fevers and migraines were observed on several members in the pedigree. Cephalic MRI findings performed during episode periods were in accord with the typical radiographic features of MELAS and cerebellar atrophy was commonly observed. Family members on the maternal side all harbored the point mutation on 3243 site in mitochondrial genome. Meanwhile, patients with higher heteroplasmy levels relatively manifested more typically and severely according to the clinical observation. Conclusions The pedigree is diagnosed with maternal inheritance of MELAS syndrome. The main cause can be attributed to a mitochonorial A3243G mutation.The mutant heteroplasmy levels of hemocytes in peripheral blood are positively associated with genetic relationship, seizure anticipation, plasma lactate data and other clinical features.

Objective To determine the relationship between serum vitamin B_(12)(VB_(12))level and multiple sclerosis(MS).Methods The pertinent articles of the VB12 and the case control studies of MS were retrieved comprehensively by manual retrieval and computer retrieval.The methodology quality of the retrieved artilces were evaluated,and the arcb'cles were screened.Heterogeneity test was performed.The valid data was extracted and analyzed by Stata 10.1.Results In this study,9 studies were included.A total of 807 subjects were enrolled,including 414 patients and 393 controls.The Meta-analysis showed that the serum level of VB_(12) in patients with MS was lower than that in controls(standardized mean difference-0.24,95% CI-0.39 to-0.10).The sensitivity analysis indicated that the result of meta-analysis was reliable.Conclusion The serum level of VB_(12) might be associated with MS,and the deficiency of VB_(12) may contribute to the development of MS.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of dl-3-n-butylphthalide（NBP）on amyloid β peptide 25-35（Aβ25-35）-induced apoptosis in PC-12 cells.Methods Cultured PC12 cells were divided into 6 groups：normal group,Aβ25-35 treated model group,0.1,1.0,10,100 μmol/L NBP pretreatment groups.MTT assay was employed to analyze the PC12 cell viability.The ultrastructural changes of neuronal mitochondria were viewed under transmission electron microscope.In order to observe the effects of oxidative stress,MDA and SOD activities were detected by spectrophotometry.Results NBP pretreatment could significantly prevent the cell viability induced by Aβ25-35（P 0.05）.Pretreatment with 10 μmol/L NBP could significantly inhibit the viability decrease induced by Aβ25-35（P 0.05）.Compared with the cells in the model group,the number and morphology of neuronal mitochondria changed distinctly in the NBP pretreated cells.The activity of SOD in the NBP pretreated cells was obviously higher than that of the cell in the model group,while MDA activity had opposite result.Conclusion NBP could protect the mitochondria in Aβ25-35 induced apoptosis by inhibiting the MDA activity and activating the SOD activity.

BACKGROUND: Drug treatment has unsatisfactory effect on Alzheimer disease, while many studies have indicated that the transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) is effective on Parkinson disease, cerebral ischemia, etc., but the mechanism is still unclear.OBJECTIVE: To imitate transplantation environment by co-culture of amyloid β1-40 (Aβ1-40) damaged PC12 cells and MSCs, observe the effect of bi-directional information feedback in the microenvironment on the transdifferentiation of MSCs to nerve cells, and observe its protective effect on the apoptosis of damaged PC12 cells.DESTGN: A comparative observation.SETTING: Department of Neurology, China Medical University.MATERIALS: SD rats of 2-3 weeks after birth either male or female were used. PC12 cell lines were purchased from the Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; neuro-specific enolase (1:50, Boster, Wuhan);Methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) 15 μL (terminal concentration of 0.5 g/L).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Experimental Center (provincial experimental animal center) of China Medical University from June to July in 2004. Bilateral femurs were aseptically removed from 1 SD rat, and MSCs were identified using CD44 antibody immunofiuorescently. PC12 was used to replace nerve cells. The PC12 cells were stimulated by Aβ1-40 then transferred by Transwell. There were 5 groups: Group A: normally cultured PC12 co-cultured with MSCs; Group B: Aβ1-40 stimulated PC12 co-cultured with MSCs; Group C: normal PC12 supernatant+MSCs; Group D: damaged PC12 supernatant+MSCs; Group E: MSCs cultured with common medium 1640.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Routine immunohistochemical staining was performed. NSE positive cells were observed under inverted fluorescence microscope, 10 visual fields (200×) were randomly selected to count the positive cells. MTT metabolic rate was used to detect the proliferation of MSCs in each group. The differences of measurement data were compared using the one-way analysis of variance.fluorescent and bright fields, NSE positive cells appeared as red fluorescence, MSCs were bipolar, multipolar and cone shapes, and appeared as neuron-like forms with dendrite-like structure, and there were extensive connections among some neuron-like cells. The NSE positive rates was obviously higher in group B than groups A, C, D and E (P ＜ 0.01 ).in groups A, C, D and E (F=9.713, P＜ 0.01).

BACKGROUND: The primary pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD) is linked to β-amyloid (Aβ)protein. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs), which have the ability of multipotency, self-renewal and repair,have been detected in the central nerve system (CNS) of adult rat recently. But effective function of these neural progenitor cells are not seen in the AD brain ,which mechanism is unclear.It is unclear if Aβ1-40protein is compromised by the signal pathway of c-Jun N-termial kinase associated with the neurotoxicity to the progenitor cells on the cortex of embryonic rats.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signal transduction pathway of Aβ1-40 protein, which has neuronal toxicity to progenitor cells(CPC)on the cortex of embryonic rats . To detect the neuroprotective effects of c-Jun N-termial kinase inhibitor (SP600125) against Aβ1-40-induced neuronal toxicity to the cortical progenitor cells on the cortex of embryonic rats.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled trial with cells as objects.SETTING: Department of Neurology, First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical UniversityMATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at the Central Laboratory,China Medical University from May to October 2005. Embryos at age of 14 days from Wistar rats were used in this experiment.METHODS: Cortical progenitor cells harvested from Wistar embryonic rats were cultured in vitro, passaged and identified. Embryonic rat cortical progenitor cells of rats with good growth state were randomly divided into 4groups:Aβ1-40 group (10 nmol/L Aβ1-40 in each well);SP600125+Aβ1-40group (10 μmol/L SP600125 for 30 minutes and then with 10 nmol/L Aβ1-40 in each well); SP600125 group ( 10 μmol/L SP600125 in each well); Normal saline group (same volume of normal saline). The incubated durations were 0,2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours respectively,8 wells for each time point. The cell survival rate was measured by MTF assay (The concentration of cortical progenitor cells on the cortex was 1×10s L-1 in each group), the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometer (The concentration of cortical progenitor cells on the cortex was 1 ×1010 L-1in each group) and the expression of c-Jun N-termial kinase and p-c-Jun N-termial kinase, c-Jun,p-c-Jun were measured by Western Blot(The concentration of cortical progenitor cells on the cortex was 1×1013 L-1 in each group). t test was adopted for the comparison of difference in measurement data.sion of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p-c-Jun N-termial kinase ,c-Jun and p-c-Jun of embryonic rat CPC .ture time in Aβ group and SP600125 +Aβ group, decreased obviously at 4hours; cellular survival rate in Aβ1-40 group was lower obviously than that in the other 3 groups at 0,2,4,6,12,24 hours (P ＜ 0.01); Cellular survival rate in SP60025 +Aβ1-40 group was lower obviously than that in SP600125 group and normal saline group at 2,4,6,12,24 hours (P ＜ 0.01);Compared with normal saline group, the difference of cell survival rate was not significant without time-dependent manner in SP600125 group (P＞ 0.05).amyloid protein group and SP600125 +Aβ group, increased obviously at 4hours; cell apoptosis rate in Aβ1-40 group was higher obviously than that of the other 3 groups at 0,2,4,6,12,24 hours(P ＜ 0.01); Cellular apoptosis rate in SP60025+Aβ1-40 group was higher obviously than that in the SP600125 group and normal saline group at 2,4,6,12,24 hours (P ＜ 0.01);Compared with normal saline group, the difference of cellular apoptosis rate was not significant without time-dependent manner in SP600125 group 12,24 hours without changes in Aβ1-40 group; the expression of p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p-c-Jun in Aβ1-40 group were seen at 0hour ,increased gradually, reached to the peak at hour 4 and decreased gradually.CONCLUSION: Aβ1-40 could inhibit the cell activity of CPC , reduce cellular survival rate and induce cellular apoptosis. c-Jun N-terminal kinase signal transduction pathway may mediate the Aβ1-40 inducd neurnal apoptosis in AD which may be one reason for unseen rescue mechanism in AD. SP600125 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor) could inhibit the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and c-Jun and protect the embryonic rats CPC from the Aβ1-40-induced neurotoxicity.

External use of either xanthotoxin or umbelliferone alone in normal rats showed that the chromosomes of the myelocyte were mutated at an aberrant rate of 2.0% and 0.2%, respectively (P

Objective To explore the features of clinical and progression of multiple system atrophy(MSA).Methods The clinic data of 28 subjects diagnosed as probable MSA according to Gilman diagnostic criteria were studied retrospectively.Three aspects of activities of daily living(ADL)(aid-requiring walking,wheelchair-bound state and bedridden state)were used to assess the progression of disease.Kaplan-Meier analysis was also used to estimate the difference between subgroups.Results Three systems were involved in 26 cases(92.9%)and autonomic functional disturbance was common.The calculated median time from onset to evolution to MSA was mean 2 years.The median times from onset to aid-requiring walking,wheelchair requirement and bedridden state were 3,5 and 7 years,respectively.The patients impaired both of motor and autonomic systems progressed fastly within 3 years from onset of the disease(P

Objective To investigate the effects of rhG-CSF on the neuronal cell apoptosis and expression of VEGF after cerebral ischemia in diabetic rats.Methods Wistar diabetic rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and randomly devided into control group and rhG-CSF group.The rhG-CSF group received subcutaneous injection of rhG-CSF 50 ?g/(kg?d)for 7 d,14 d and 21 d after cerebral ischemia.Neurological severity scores(NSS),TUNEL,and immunohistological assessments of VEGF were performed to evaluate the rhG-CSF treatment.Results Compared with the control group,the rhG-CSF group showed significantly improved in the NSS,significantly decreased in the TUNEL positive apoptotic neuronal cells and significantly increased in the VEGF positive neuronal cells(all P

Objective To compare magnetic beads kit,agrose gel recovery kit and heparinase I three methods to purify the micro DNA from crude heparin, then use q-PCR to identify the species origins and select the best method.Methods Using magnetic beads kit,agrose gel recovery kit and heparinase I to purify micro DNA from crude heparin and combined the porcine,bovine and ovine identification kits to identify the species origins and conformed the minimum detection limit of different percentage of ovine crude heparin in porcine crude heparin.Results Three pretreatment methods all can solve the pretreatment difficulties and we found that the haparinase was the best method; the minimum detection limit was 0.01%of ovine crude heparin in porcine crude heparin.Conclusion The heparinase method is the best pretreatment method and can successfully solve the pretreatment difficulties.Heparinase combine the porcine, bovine and ovine identification kits can identify the species origins from crude heparin.